Mutobvu vs Mutobvu Asina Mutobvu weSarudzo yePCB Assembly Assembly

ziviso

Munzvimbo inogara ichishanduka yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, imwe gakava yatora nzvimbo yepakati: hondo ine gakava pakati pemutobvu uye isina lead-isina solder. Solder, chinhu chakakosha chinosunga zvikamu zvemagetsi pamabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs), yakapinda rwendo rwekushandura, kushandura kubva kune yechinyakare-yakavakirwa maumbirwo kuenda kune iri kuramba ichizivikanwa inotungamira-yemahara dzimwe nzira. Kuchinja uku, kunokonzerwa nekunetseka kuri kuwedzera pamusoro pehutano, kuchengetedzwa, uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kwamutsa nhaurirano inopisa mukati meindastiri, nevatsigiri nevatsoropodzi vachizeya pamusoro pezvakanaka uye zvinokanganisa nzira yega yega.

Kuti tinzwisise zvizere kuomesesa kwegakava iri, zvakakosha kuti titarise mune zvakakosha zvivakwa, mashandisirwo, uye zvinorehwa nechero lead uye isina lead-isina solder. Ongororo iyi yakazara haingojekese misiyano yakakosha pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzekutengesa asi zvakare kuongorora kufunga kwakasiyana-siyana kunoumba sarudzo dzevagadziri, kubva pakutevedzwa kwemitemo uye kudhura-kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi.

Chii chinonzi Solder?

Solder, fusible metal alloy, inoshanda seyakakosha "glue" inosanganisa zvinhu zvemagetsi pamabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs) panguva yekugadzira. Sechinyakare, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa solder formulation yaisanganisira 60% tin (Sn) uye 40% lead (Pb) musanganiswa, inowanzonzi 63/37 kana 60/40 solder. Iyi alloy, yakashandiswa uchishandisa simbi inosunga kana wave solder midziyo, yakagadzira yakasimba simbi zvisungo pakati pezvikamu nePCB pads, kuve nechokwadi chekubatana kwemagetsi kwakavimbika uye kutendeseka kwemichina.

Nekudaro, kushushikana kuri kuwedzera pamusoro pekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzehutano dzine chekuita nekuratidzwa kwemutobvu zvakakonzera shanduko yekudengenyeka mukati meindasitiri. Mukupindura, dzimwe nzira dzekutengesa dzisina mutobvu dzakabuda, dzinosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa zvealloy, zvakadai setin-copper (SnCu), tin-silver-copper (SnAgCu), uye tin-bismuth (SnBi), pakati pevamwe. Aya magadzirirwo asina kutungamira anovavarira kudzikisira njodzi dzinounzwa nemutobvu uchichengetedza zvakakosha zvinoshanda zvivakwa zvinodiwa pakusangana kwemhando yepamusoro yemagetsi.

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveLead-Free Solder

Mabhenefiti eLead-Free Solder

Kuwedzerwa Kuchengetedzeka uye Kuchengetedza Kwezvakatipoteredza

Chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti pave nechinhu chisina mutobvu ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mutobvu, chinhu chine chepfu yakawanda, chinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa kune vashandi vari mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye kune vatengi vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvine mutobvu. Nekubvisa mutobvu kubva muzvinhu zvinosanganisa mutobvu, vagadziri vanogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekusangana nebasa, vachideredza matambudziko ehutano akadai sekukuvara kwetsinga, matambudziko ekubereka, uye kusashanda zvakanaka kweitsvo. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwemutobvu usina mutobvu kunoenderana nemitemo yepasi rose yezvakatipoteredza uye zvirongwa zvinonangana nekuderedza kuvapo kwezvinhu zvine njodzi muzvinhu zvevatengi uye marara emagetsi.

Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa pakusarudzwa kwesangano: Zvinodiwa neRoHS, kuratidzwa kwekupisa, kuvimbika kwemajoini esolder, uye kuti sarudzo yacho inokanganisa sei kudzokororwa kwemvura kana kusungirirwa kwemafungu. Kuti uwane data rekushisa kwealloy uye nzvimbo dzekunyunguduka, shandisa gwara renzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwesolder ; kuti uongorore kugadzirwa, Highleap inobatanidza kusarudzwa kwesolder nebasa rePCB assembly.

Kuteerera Kwemitemo

Kusundidzira kune solder isina mutobvu kwakurumidziswa nemitemo yakawanda nemirairo yakashandiswa nemasangano akasiyana-siyana anotonga pasi rese. Mutemo weEuropean Union weRestriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), wakatangwa muna 2003 uye wakagadziridzwa, wakaita basa guru mukudzora kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi, kusanganisira mutobvu, mumidziyo yemagetsi neyemagetsi. Kutevedzera mitemo yakadaro hakusi kungosungirwa pamutemo chete asiwo chinhu chakakosha kune vagadziri vari kutsvaga kuchengetedza mukana wekupinda mumisika yepasi rose uye kudzivirira zvirango zvinodhura, zvirambidzo zvekupinza, uye kudzoserwa kwezvigadzirwa. Nekushandisa tsika dzesolder dzisina mutobvu, makambani anogona kuratidza kuzvipira kwavo mukutarisira nharaunda uye kugadzirisa mashandiro avo nematanho ekuchengetedza anogara achichinja.

Kusiyana-siyana uye Kuchinja

Mafomu e solder asina lead akaratidza kuti anoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, kubva kumagetsi evatengi nekutaurirana kusvika kumaindasitiri endege nemotokari. Sezvo tsvakiridzo nekuvandudza zvichienderera mberi, ma solder alloys asina lead ari kugadzirwa kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa zvemashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mashandiro ekupisa kwakanyanya, mamiriro ekunze akaomarara, uye zvikamu zvidiki. Kuchinjika uku hakungowedzere mashandisirwo anogona kuitwa ne solder isina lead asiwo kunoita kuti vagadziri vagone kuramba vachikwikwidzana nekushandisa kufambira mberi kwazvino mu tekinoroji ye solder.

Zvakashata zveLead-Free Solder

Nepo solder isina lead ichipa mabhenefiti akakosha maererano nehutano, chengetedzo, uye kuteedzera zvirango, inosumawo seti yezvinetso izvo vagadziri vanofanirwa kugadzirisa:

Yepamusoro Melting Points uye Thermal Kufunga

Mazhinji ma alloy asina lead-free solder ane mapoinzi ekunyunguduka akakwira kana tichienzanisa neawo akagadzirwa ne lead-based. Semuenzaniso, alloy yeSnAgCu inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ine poinzi yekunyunguduka inosvika 217°C (423°F), iyo yakanyanya kukwira kupfuura poinzi yekunyunguduka ye183°C (361°F) ye solder yechinyakare ye63/37 lead. Kupisa uku kwakakwira kwekunyunguduka kunoda kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ekunyunguduka, kusanganisira kupisa kwakanyanya kwepamberi pekupisa uye kupisa kwakanyanya, zvichigona kuisa zvinhu zvinonzwa kusimba kwekupisa kwakanyanya. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kunyatsoongorora nekugadzirisa ma profiles avo ekunyunguduka, michina, uye kusarudzwa kwezvikamu kuti zvikwanise zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zve solder isina lead-free uku vachideredza njodzi yekukuvara kwekupisa.

Yakaderedzwa Kunyorova uye Solder Joint Kuonekwa

Ma alloy e solder asina lead anowanzo ratidza hunhu hwakaipa hwekunyorova kana tichienzanisa ne solders dzine lead. Kunyorova kunoreva kugona kwe solder yakanyungudutswa kupararira zvakaenzana uye kugadzira coating yakatsetseka, yakafanana pamusoro pesimbi dziri kubatanidzwa. Hunhu uhwu hwakakosha pakuwana majoini e solder akavimbika uye kuona kubatana kwakakwana kwemakanika nemagetsi. Kunyorova kushoma kwe solder isina lead kunogona kukonzera chitarisiko chakaomarara, chisina kurongeka che solder, zvingangokanganisa kutaridzika kwerunako mumagetsi evatengi. Pamusoro pezvo, kunyorova kushoma kunogona kutungamira mukunyorova, kubatana, nezvimwe zvikanganiso, zvichida kudzora maitiro kwakanyatsonaka uye matanho akasimba ekusimbisa mhando.

Kuenderana uye Intermetallic Kuumbwa

Kuchinja kuita solder isina lead kunoda kunyatsoongorora kuti inoenderana sei nezvinhu zviripo uye zvikamu zviripo. Mamwe ma alloys asina lead anogona kushanda zvakasiyana nesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana, kupera, uye kuguma kwezvikamu, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwemakemikari emukati mesimbi anogona kukanganisa kuvimbika uye kushanda kwejointi yesolder. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kuongorora zvakakwana kuenderana kwesolder isina lead nezvinhu zvavo zviripo uye PCB , zvichigona kuda shanduko pakupedzisa kwebhodhi , kupera kwezvikamu, kana kusarudzwa kwezvimwe zvinhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwenguva refu uye kuderedza njodzi yekukundikana nekukurumidza.

Mutengo uye Supply Chain Zvinoreva

Kunyange zvazvo musiyano wemutengo uripo pakati pe lead-free solder ne lead-free solder uchisiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro emusika uye magadzirirwo chaiwo e alloy, dzimwe nzira dze lead-free solder dzinowanzo kudhura kupfuura dzimwe dzinotungamira. Mutengo uyu wakawedzera unogona kubva pazvinhu zvakaita semitengo yezvinhu zvekugadzira zvinhu zvakaita sesirivha nemhangura, pamwe nekudiwa kwemidziyo yakasarudzika, kugadziriswa kwemaitiro, uye kudzidziswa kuti zvigamuchirwe nemaitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvisina lead-free solder. Uyezve, kuchinja kuenda kune lead-free solder kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ekutengesa, kunyanya kune vagadziri vanovimba nezvikamu zvakajairwa kana masisitimu ekare. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti kune kuwanikwa kwakavimbika uye kwakaringana kwe lead-free solder alloys, zvikamu zvinoenderana, uye zvinhu zvekuwedzera zvinogona kuda kuedza kutsvaga mazano uye kugadzirisa cheni yekupa.

Pakuronga kugadzirwa, zvinobatsirawo kuenzanisa nyaya iyi nePCB yegoridhe inonyudzwa uye clearance yemasiki ekusolder usati wapedzisa kugadzira kana kugadzira pasuru.

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveLeaded Solder

Zvakanakira Lead Solder

1. Yakaderera Mutengo: Lead solder kazhinji inodhura pane dzimwe nzira dzisina mutobvu nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera wemutobvu zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe simbi dzinoshandiswa mutobvu-isina solder.
2. Kudzoreredza Kwekushandisa: Lead solder kazhinji ine zvivakwa zviri nani zvekunyorova, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana majoini akanaka ekutengesa uye kuderedza mukana wekuremara senge majoini anotonhora.
3. Lower Melting Point: Lead solder inonyungudika pane yakaderera tembiricha pane lead-isina solder, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kune zvikamu zvinonzwa kupisa.
4. Durability: Lead solder majoini anogona kusimba kupfuura majoini asina mutobvu mune mamwe mamiriro, kunyanya mumashandisirwo ane yakanyanya mechanical stress.
5. Kushandiswa Kwenhoroondo: Lead solder yakashandiswa kwemakumi emakore uye inonzwisiswa zvakanaka, ine maitiro akaiswa uye hunyanzvi hwekutengesa.
6. Electrical Conductivity: Lead solder ine yakanaka conductivity yemagetsi, iyo yakakosha pakuchengetedza kuvimbika kwechiratidzo mumaseketi emagetsi.
7. Kuwanikwa: Nekuda kwenhoroondo yayo refu yekushandiswa, lead solder inowanikwa nyore uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri mazhinji.
8. kugarisana: Zvimwe zvikamu uye zvigadzirwa zvinogona kunge zvakakodzerwa zvirinani kuti zvishandiswe ne lead solder, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakasarudzika mune mamwe maapplication.

Zvakashata zveLead Solder

1. Uturu: Lead chinhu chine muchetura, uye kufumurwa nehutsi hwemutobvu kana huruva kunogona kutungamira kune zvakakomba nyaya dzehutano, kunyanya kana nzira dzekuchengetedza dzakasateedzerwa.
2. Environmental Impact: Mutobvu unokuvadza mhoteredzo, uye kushandiswa kwawo mukusodha kunoparira kushatisa uye unogona kushatisa ivhu namanyuko emvura.
3. Regulatory Restriction: Nekuda kwehutano uye kunetsa kwezvakatipoteredza, nyika zhinji dzakaisa zvirambidzo pakushandiswa kwe lead solder, kuganhurira kushandiswa kwayo mune mamwe maapplication.
4. Ngozi dzehutano: Vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukugadzira kana kuti soldering vanogona kuva mungozi yekuratidzwa kwemutobvu, zvichitungamirira kumatambudziko ehutano akadai sechepfu yemutobvu.
5. Sustainability: Lead solder haisi sarudzo yakagadzikana nekuda kwekukanganisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza uye muchetura, zvichitungamira mukusundidzira kune imwe nzira, yakawanda yezvakatipoteredza ine hushamwari soldering zvinhu.
6. Component Compatibility: Zvimwe zvikamu, kunyanya zviya zvine zvinhu zvinobata kumeso kana machira, zvinogona kunge zvisingaenderane nelead solder, zvichitadzisa kushandiswa kwayo mune mamwe maapplication.

Lead vs. Lead-Free Solder Properties

Kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwegakava reanotungamira rinopesana neasina kutungamira, zvakakosha kuenzanisa nekusiyanisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvinopesvedzera mashandiro, kuvimbika, uye kugadzirwa kwemhando mbiri idzi dzekutengesa:

Melting Point uye Tembiricha Kufunga

Sezvambotaurwa, ma alloy asina lead-free solder alloys anowanzo ratidza mapoinzi ekunyunguduka akakwira zvichienzaniswa nema solder echinyakare ane lead-based. Semuenzaniso, SnAgCu lead-free alloy inozivikanwa ine poinzi yekunyunguduka inosvika 217°C (423°F), nepo lead solder inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ye63/37 inonyunguduka pa183°C (361°F). Kupisa uku kwakakwira kwekunyunguduka kune zvakunoreva pamaitiro ekunyunguduka uye kufambirana kwezvikamu. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kunyatsoongorora nekugadzirisa ma profiles avo ekunyunguduka, ma cycles ekupisa asati apisa, uye tembiricha yepamusoro kuti ikwane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zve lead-free solder uku vachideredza njodzi yekukuvara kana kuora kwezvikamu.

Corrosion Resistance uye Environmental Stability

Ma alloys e solder asina mutobvu anowanzo kuratidza kusimba kwengura uye kugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza zvichienzaniswa neaya akagadzirwa ne lead. Kusimba kwe ngura uku kwakanyanya kunobatsira zvikuru kune zvemagetsi zvinoshanda munzvimbo dzakaoma kana dzine hunyoro, uko hunyoro uye zvinosvibisa mhepo zvinogona kukurumidzisa ngura uye kukanganisa kuvimbika kwemajoini e solder. Kusimba kwe zvakatipoteredza kuri nani kwe solder isina mutobvu kunogona kubatsira mukuwedzera kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa uye kugara kwenguva refu, kuderedza njodzi yekukundikana nguva isati yakwana uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwekushanda kwemasisitimu emagetsi.

Kunyorova uye Solder Joint Chitarisiko

Kunyorova, kugona kwemuchina wakanyungudutswa kupararira zvakaenzana uye kugadzira chifukidziro chakatsetseka, chakafanana pamusoro pesimbi dziri kubatanidzwa, chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kunaka uye kuvimbika kwemuchina wekunyungudutswa. Panyaya iyi, muchina wekunyungudutswa une mutobvu unowanzo ratidza kunyorova kwepamusoro kana tichienzanisa newawo usina mutobvu. Kunyorova kuri nani kwemuchina wekunyungudutswa une mutobvu kunoita kuti muchina wekunyungudutswa une mutobvu uve wakatsetseka, wakaenzana uye une chitarisiko chinoyevedza, hunhu hunokosheswa zvikuru mumagetsi emagetsi. Zvisinei, muchina wekunyungudutswa usina mutobvu unogona kuratidza chitarisiko chisina kurongeka, chisina kurongeka nekuda kwekunyorova kwawo kwakaderera, zvingangokanganisa runako mune mamwe mashandisirwo.

Mechanical uye Thermal Fatigue Resistance

Kuramba kuneta kwemuchina uye kupisa kwemajoini e solder kwakakosha pakuona kuti zvinogara kwenguva refu, kunyanya mukushandiswa uko zvikamu zvinosangana nekupisa, kudedera, kana kushushikana kwemuchina. Kare, masolder ane lead akaratidza kushanda kwepamusoro panyaya iyi, achiratidza kuramba kwakanyanya kuneta kwemuchina uye kumanikidzwa kwemuchina zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzisina lead. Zvisinei, kutsvagurudza kuri kuenderera mberi nekuedza kusimudzira kwakaita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwemasolder asina lead ane hunhu hwakavandudzwa hwekuneta kwemuchina uye kupisa, zvichideredza musiyano wekushanda nemasolder echinyakare ane lead.

Electromigration Resistance

Kufamba kwemagetsi (electromigration), kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwemaatomu esimbi mukati memuchina wemagetsi nekuda kwekuyerera kwemagetsi, kunogona kutungamira pakuumbwa kwezvimedu kana maburi muzvisungo zvemagetsi, zvichikanganisa kusimba kwemagetsi uye zvichikonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka nguva isati yakwana. Zvisungo zvemagetsi zvine lead zvagara zvichiratidza kuramba kwemagetsi zvakanyanya zvichienzaniswa nemafomula akawanda ekutanga asina lead. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi mukugadzirwa kwealloy yemagetsi isina lead kwakaburitsa macompositions ane kuramba kwemagetsi, kwakafanana kana kutopfuura kwezvisungo zvemagetsi zvine lead mune mamwe maapplication.

Lead vs. Lead-Free Solder Physical Features

Panyaya yehunhu hwemuviri, lead solder yakapfava pane lead-isina solder. Iyi misiyano mukupfava inogona kukanganisa kuvimbika kwemajoini, sezvo lead-isina solder inogona kuratidza hurombo hwekubata kuramba kuita nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo. Nekudaro, nzvimbo yekunyungudika yelead-isina solder inokonzeresa kushoma gadziridzo uye mhedzisiro yekupisa nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiita kuti inyatsokodzera kumusoro-Mount mudziyo (SMD) kuungana. Pamusoro pezvo, solder isina lead inoita kunge isinganyanyi kupenya uye yakapfava chitarisiko kana ichienzaniswa neye lead solder.

Lead-isina solder inewo yakaderera wettability kana ichienzaniswa neinotungamira solder, iyo inogona kusimudza kunetseka pamusoro pekubatana kuvimbika kweiyo lead-isina solder.

Aya ma paramita anosimbisa mutsauko wezvivakwa pakati pe lead uye lead-isina solder, zvichiratidza zvakanakira zvakanakira uye zvinokanganisa zvemhando yega yega mumashandisirwo akasiyana.

Lead vs. Lead-Free Solder Cost Kufunga

Musiyano wemutengo pakati pe lead uye lead-isina solder inogona kuve yakakosha uye inopesvedzerwa nezvakati wandei zvinhu:

1. Zvinhu Zvinodhura: Lead inowanzova yakachipa pane simbi dzinoshandiswa musolder isina mutobvu, zvakaita serata, sirivha, mhangura, uye dzimwe nguva bismuth. Izvi zvinoita kuti leaded solder iwedzere mari-inoshanda maererano nemitengo yezvinhu mbishi.
2. Kuteerera Kwemutemo: Lead-isina solder inodiwa pakuteedzera mirau seRestriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) uye Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE). Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvinowedzera kumutengo wekutengesa-pasina solder nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodhura, mari yekusateerera mitemo iyi inogona kuva yakakwirira.
3. Kuchinja kweMaitirwo: Kugamuchira lead-isina solder kungada shanduko kumagadzirirwo ekugadzira, midziyo, uye zvivakwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekubata kwakanaka uye kuraswa kwe lead-isina solder zvinhu. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kuwedzera mari.
4. Kuvimbika uye Kuita: Lead-isina solder ingangoda tembiricha yepamusoro yekugadzirisa uye nguva dzekugara kwenguva refu, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mashandisiro esimba uye nguva yekugadzira, zvinogona kukanganisa mitengo.
5. Hutano uye Mutengo Wezvakatipoteredza: Kunyange zvazvo solder isina-lead ichidhura, inobatsira kudzivirira njodzi dzehutano dzine chokuita nekuonekwa kwemutobvu uye inoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinogona kuguma nekuchengetedza mari kwenguva refu uye zvikomborero.

Mukupfupisa, lead solder inogona kutanga yakachipa nekuda kwekuderera kwemitengo yezvinhu, asi lead-isina solder iri kuwedzera kufarirwa nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekutonga, kufunga kwezvakatipoteredza, uye yenguva refu mari yekuchengetedza ine chekuita nehutano nekuchengetedza.

mhedziso

Zviri pachena kuti kuchinja kubva kune lead solder kuenda kune lead-isina solder kunofambiswa nezvinhu zvakakosha senge hutano, zvakatipoteredza, uye tekinoroji kufambira mberi. Kunyange zvazvo lead solder ine mabhenefiti ayo maererano nekunyunguduka kwakaderera, kunyorova kwepamusoro, uye mutengo unoshanda, huturu hwemutobvu hunoita kuti dzisakodzere kugadzira zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano.

Lead-isina solder, kunyangwe yakachengeteka uye ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza, inopa matambudziko akadai seyakanyanya kunyungudika nzvimbo uye kuderera kwemvura. Nekudaro, nekunzwisisa kwakakodzera uye kusarudzwa kunoenderana nezvinodiwa zveprojekiti, lead-isina solder inogona kuve yakavimbika imwe nzira.

Maita basa nenhaurirano ine ruzivo! Kana iwe uine mimwe mibvunzo kana uchida rumwe rubatsiro, inzwa wakasununguka kutaura. Zvishuwo zvakanakisa kubva kuHighleap!