Kunzwisisa Transformer Types uye Mashandisiro Avo

ziviso

Transformers ndiwo magamba asina kufambwa enyika yemagetsi, ari kuita basa rakakosha mukufambisa nekugovera simba remagetsi nemazvo pamatunhu akasiyana siyana nemazinga emagetsi. Aya magineti emagetsi, anoshanda pamisimboti yakawanikwa naMichael Faraday, akakosha mukugadzira magetsi, kutapurirana, uye kugovera masisitimu, pamwe neakawanda emagetsi maapplication.

Kusarudzwa kwetransformer kunokanganisa kukwenya kwechinhu, kubviswa kwechinhu, kukwira kwekupisa, uye mutoro wejoini resolder, saka zvikamu zvemagnetic zvakaiswa zvinofanirwa kuongororwa negwara rekugadzira transformer yePCB mount uye maitiro ekubatanidza maburi.

Mugwaro rino rakazara, tichaongorora mhando dzakasiyana dzevashanduri, kuvaka kwavo, uye mashandisiro avo, tichipa mainjiniya emagetsi nenyanzvi nekunzwisisa kwakakwana kwezvinhu izvi zvakakosha.

Transformer Basics

Usati waongorora marudzi akasiyana-siyana evashanduri, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise maitiro avo akakosha ekushanda. Transformers yakavakirwa papfungwa ye electromagnetic induction, iyo inobvumira kufambisa kwesimba remagetsi pakati pemaseketi maviri kana anopfuura kuburikidza neyakagovaniswa magineti.

Papakati peshanduko pane magineti musimboti, anowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi yakashongedzwa kana ferrite, iyo inoputirwa maviri kana anopfuura mamhepo. Iyo yekutanga mhepo yakabatana kune yekuisa voltage sosi, nepo yechipiri mhepo yakabatana nemutoro.

Kana inochinjika ikozvino (AC) ichiyerera nepakati pekutanga mhepo, inogadzira akasiyana magineti mukati mepakati. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagineti zvinoita kuti magetsi apinde mumhepo yechipiri, zvichibvumira simba remagetsi kutamiswa kubva kudunhu rekutanga kuenda kudunhu rechipiri pasina kubatanidza magetsi pakati pezviviri izvi.

The voltage reshiyo pakati pekutanga uye yechipiri windings inotarirwa nereshiyo yenhamba yekutendeuka mumhepo yega yega. Iyi nheyo inobvumira ma transformer kuti akwire kana kudzika ma voltages, zvichiita kuti akoshese pakufambiswa kwemagetsi uye kugovera, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi.

Mhando dzeTransformers Kubva pane Voltage Levels

Transformers inogona kuiswa zvakafara kuita mapoka makuru maviri zvichienderana nevoltage mazinga avanobata: nhanho-kumusoro ma transformer uye nhanho-pasi-pasi.

Nhanho-up Transformers

Nhanho-kumusoro ma transformer akagadzirirwa kuwedzera voltage kubva kumhepo yekutanga kuenda kune yakakwira voltage mumhepo yechipiri. Aya ma transformer anowanzo shandiswa mumagetsi ekufambisa masisitimu, uko kukwirisa voltages kunodiwa kuderedza kurasikirwa nenzendo refu.

Nhanho-kumusoro matransformer ane nhamba diki yekutendeuka mumhepo yekutanga kana ichienzaniswa neyechipiri mhepo, zvichiita kuti iwedzere voltage kudivi rechipiri. Iyi shanduko yemagetsi inowanikwa kuburikidza nemusimboti we electromagnetic induction, uko shanduko yemagineti mukati mepakati inokwevera yakakwira voltage mumhepo yechipiri ine mamwe majana.

Nhanho-pasi Transformers

Sezvineiwo, nhanho-pasi ma transformer anoshandiswa kudzikisa voltage kubva kumhepo yekutanga kuenda kune yakaderera voltage mune yechipiri mhepo. Aya ma-transformer akakosha kune akasiyana maapplication, anosanganisira ekugara uye ekutengesa magetsi kugovera, pamwe nemidziyo yemagetsi inoshanda pane yakaderera voltages.

Mune nhanho-pasi-transformers, iyo yekutanga mhepo ine nhamba yakakura yekutendeuka ichienzaniswa neyechipiri mhepo, zvichikonzera yakaderera voltage kudivi rechipiri. Uku kudzikiswa kwemagetsi kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka kwemidziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo.

Mhando dzeTransformers Kubva pane Core Material

Iyo yakakosha zvinhu inoshandiswa mushanduko inoita basa rakakosha pakuona kuita kwayo, kushanda kwayo, uye kukodzera kune chaiyo maapplication. Transformer cores inogona kuiswa mumhando mitatu mikuru: iron core, ferrite core, uye air core.

Iron Core Transformers

Iron core transformers inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugovera magetsi uye masisitimu ekufambisa nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwavo hwepamusoro uye kugona kubata mafungu makuru. Aya ma transformer anoshandisa mararamiro akaturikidzana emhando yepamusoro yesilicon simbi kana simbi yemagetsi yakatarisana nezviyo sechinhu chakakosha.

Iyo iron musimboti inopa nzira inoshanda yeiyo magineti flux, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba uye kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa kwesimba kwakaringana. Iron core transformers inowanzoitika yakakura uye inorema kupfuura mamwe marudzi asi inopa hukuru hwepamusoro maererano nesimba rekubata simba uye kugona.

Ferrite Core Transformers

Ferrite core transformers yakanyatso kuenderana neakakwira-frequency application, sekuchinja magetsi, radio frequency (RF) maseketi, uye telecommunication masisitimu. Ferrite cores inogadzirwa kubva kune yakanyanya permeable ceramic zvinhu inoumbwa nesimbi oxide uye mamwe simbi oxides.

Ferrite cores inopfuura pakukwira kwepamusoro nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwavo kwazvino eddy uye yakakwirira resistivity, iyo inoderedza kupera simba. Aya ma transformer anowanzo diki, akareruka, uye anoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura ayo esimbi musimboti mamwe kana achishanda pakakwirira.

Air Core Transformers

Air core transformers, sezita rinoratidza, haina yakasimba magineti musimboti. Panzvimbo iyoyo, ivo vanovimba nemhepo yakatenderedza kuti ipe iyo magineti nzira yekuyerera yekubatanidza pakati pekutanga uye yechipiri mhepo.

Air core transformers anonyanya kushandiswa mune akasarudzika maapplication uko epakati zvinhu zvivakwa zvinogona kuunza zvisingadiwe, senge yakakwira-frequency RF maseketi kana mawaya ekuchaja masisitimu. Nepo ivo vachipa mabhenefiti maererano nehuremu uye saizi, emhepo core transformers kazhinji haashande pane yavo iron kana ferrite musimboti vanofanana nekuda kwekudzika kwemhepo.

Mhando dzeTransformers Kubva pane Winding Arrangement

Kurongeka kwekutanga uye kwechipiri windings mukati mekushandura kunogona kushandiswawo kurongedza marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi. Iwo maviri makuru mapoka ari muchikamu ichi core-type transformers uye shell-type transformers.

Core-mhando Transformers

Mune core-type transformers, iwo ekutanga uye echipiri mamhepo akaputirwa nepakati magineti musimboti, anowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi yakashongedzwa kana ferrite. Urongwa uhwu hunobvumira kubatanidza magineti pakati pemakona uye musimboti, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwekudonha.

Core-type transformers inowanzoshandiswa mukugovera magetsi uye kutumira mashandisirwo, uko kushanda kwakanyanya uye kuderera kwekudonha kwemvura kwakakosha. Nekudaro, iwo anogona kuve akakura uye anorema kupfuura shell-mhando transformers nekuda kwekurongeka kwemhepo.

Shell-mhando Transformers

Mune shell-type transformers, iyo yekutanga mhepo inotenderera yakakomberedzwa neyechipiri mhepo, uye zvose zviri zviviri zvakavharwa nemagnetic core. Iyi gadziriso ine chinangwa chekudzikisira leakage flux nekupa imwe yakavharirwa nzira yemagnetic field.

Shell-type transformers inowanzofarirwa maapplication uko saizi nehuremu zvinhu zvakakosha, senge mumagetsi anotakurika kana aerospace application. Ivo vanopa yakawedzera compact dhizaini kana ichienzaniswa neyepakati-mhando transformers asi inogona kunge iine yakakwira zvishoma yekudonha inoyerera uye yakaderera kushanda zvakanaka mune dzimwe nguva.

Mhando dzeTransformers Kubva pane Zvishandiso

Transformers zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, kubva pakugadzira magetsi uye kugovera kune nyanzvi dzemagetsi maseketi. Heano mamwe marudzi akajairwa evashanduri zvichienderana nekushandisa kwavo:

Power Transformers

Magetsi emagetsi mahombe, akakwira-voltage transformers anoshandiswa mukugadzira magetsi uye masisitimu ekufambisa. Aya ma transformer akagadzirirwa kubata huwandu hukuru hwemagetsi emagetsi uye anowanzo kuverengerwa mu megavolt-amperes (MVA).

Magetsi emagetsi anoita basa rakakosha mukukwidza voltage kubva kumagetsi kuti afambise zvakanaka madaro marefu uye kudzika pasi voltage kuti iendeswe kunzvimbo dzinogara uye dzekutengesa.

Distribution Shanduko

Distribution transformers madiki matransformer anoshandiswa padanho rekupedzisira rekugovera magetsi, kwaanodzika voltage kubva kumatanho ekutanga ekugovera kusvika kune yakaderera voltages inodiwa pakugara nekutengesa maapplication.

Aya matransformer anowanzo ari single-phase kana matatu-phase uye akayerwa pazasi 200 kVA. Iwo anogona kuve akaiswa danda, pasi pevhu, kana padhi-yakaiswa, zvichienderana neakananga kuisirwa zvinodiwa.

Distribution transformers yakagadzirirwa kuve yakaoma uye yakavimbika, sezvo inoratidzwa kune akasiyana siyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye ari akakosha zvikamu mukuona inowirirana uye yakachengeteka magetsi ekushandisa kune yekupedzisira-vashandisi.

Zviridzwa Transformers

Instrument transformers, inozivikanwawo seyekuyeresa shanduri, inyanzvi inoshandura inoshandiswa pamwe chete nemagetsi ekuyera zviridzwa, relay, uye zvidziviriro. Aya ma transformer anoshanda kupatsanura midziyo yekuyeresa yakadzikama kubva kune yakakwira voltages uye mafungu aripo mumasisitimu emagetsi.

Mhando mbiri dzakajairika dzechiridzwa chekushandura ndeidzi:

• Current Transformers (CTs): Mashanduri azvino anoshandiswa kudzika pasi mafungu akakwira mumasisitimu emagetsi kune akachengeteka, mazinga anoyerwa ezviridzwa uye relay.
• Voltage Transformers (VTs): Magetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa kudzika pasi mavheti akakwira mumasisitimu emagetsi kusvika kune yakachengeteka, mazinga anoyerwa ezviridzwa uye relays.Instrument transformers inova nechokwadi uye yakavimbika kuyerwa uku ichipa kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha kune vashandi nemidziyo.

Kusurukirwa Shanduri

Isolation transformers yakagadzirirwa kupa kuparadzaniswa kwemagetsi pakati pemaseketi maviri, kudzivirira kutamiswa kwemagetsi kana ikozvino kubva kune rimwe redunhu kuenda kune rimwe. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa kuchengetedza inonzwisisika yemagetsi michina kubva pasi zvishwe, voltage spikes, uye ruzha rwemagetsi.

Mushanduri yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, mapeji ekutanga uye echipiri ane nhamba yakaenzana yekutendeuka, zvichiita kuti pave nekupinda-ku-output voltage reshiyo ye1: 1. Nekudaro, iwo ma windings akapatsanurwa mumuviri, kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana yakananga magetsi kubatana pakati pekutanga uye yechipiri maseketi.

Isolation transformers inowana zvikumbiro mumidziyo yekurapa, maodhiyo masisitimu, uye zvimwe zviitiko uko kuparadzaniswa kwemagetsi kwakakosha pakuchengetedza nekuita.

Autotransformers

Autotransformers yakasarudzika matransformer ane imwe chete inotenderera inoshanda seyekutanga uye yechipiri mamhepo. Chimwe chikamu cheiyi mhepo inotenderera inowanzoitika kune ese ari maviri ekuisa uye kubuda maseketi, achibvumira kune yakawedzera compact uye inoshanda dhizaini kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairika transformers.

Autotransformers inowanzo shandiswa mumashandisirwo apo diki voltage nhanho-kumusoro kana nhanho-pasi inodiwa, senge mune akasiyana voltage control circuits, induction motor starters, uye midziyo yekuyedza.

Nepo autotransformers ichipa mabhenefiti maererano nehukuru uye kugona, iwo haapi magetsi ega ega pakati pepuraimari nesekondari maseketi, angave ari dhizaini mune mamwe maapplication.

Pulse Transformers

Pulse transformers inyanzvi inoshandura yakagadzirirwa kufambisa nguva pfupi-pfupi magetsi emagetsi pakati pemasekete uku uchichengetedza kutendeseka kwechiratidzo uye kupa kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaseketi edhijitari, masisitimu ekutaurirana, uye magetsi emagetsi maapplication.

Pulse transformers inogadziridzwa kukurumidza kusimuka nguva uye yakaderera kukanganisa, kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi uye chakavimbika kufambisa kwemasaini masaini. Iwo anowanzo kuvakwa ane yakaderera-capacitance windings uye yakakwirira-permeability cores kuderedza chiratidzo kuderedzwa uye nguva jitter.

Pulse transformers inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kutendeka kwechiratidzo mune yakakwirira-yekumhanyisa dhijitari uye masisitimu ekutaurirana, uko kwakakosha nguva uye kuvimbika kwechiratidzo.

Kuti uwane ongororo yakazara yekugadzira, shandisa chinyorwa chino pamwe chete neongororo yemhuri dze laminate dzakanyanya kurasikirwa uye kugadzirwa kwePCB dzeceramic paunenge uchitarisa zvinodiwa pakugadzira zvinhu, kugadzira, kana kuyedza.

mhedziso

Munyika ine simba yeinjiniya yemagetsi, kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana eshanduko uye mashandisiro awo kwakakosha pakugadzira masisitimu anoshanda uye akavimbika. Kubva pakugovera magetsi uye kuendesa kune akasarudzika emagetsi maseketi, matransformer ndiwo musimboti wezvisingaverengeki zvekushandisa.

Kunyangwe iwe uri kushanda neakakwira-voltage magetsi masisitimu, yakaderera-voltage zvemagetsi, kana nyanzvi yekugadzira masaini maapplication, kusarudza iyo chaiyo transformer kwakakosha pakuita kwakaringana, kuchengeteka, uye mutengo-kushanda.

Nekufunga zvinhu zvakaita semazinga emagetsi, zvinhu zvepakati, gadziriro dzemamhepo, uye zvakanangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa, mainjiniya emagetsi anogona kuita sarudzo ane ruzivo uye kusarudza anonyatso akakodzera transformer kumapurojekiti avo.

Sezvo tekinoroji ichienderera mberi nekushanduka, dhizaini nyowani uye mashandisirwo achabuda pasina mubvunzo, achiwedzera mashandiro uye kukosha kweaya akakosha emagetsi zvikamu. Nekugara uine ruzivo uye nekugashira zvigadziriso zvehunyanzvi, nyanzvi dzemagetsi dzinogona kushandisa kugona kwakazara kwevashanduri kufambisa kufambira mberi mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana.