Mitemo gumi nemitatu yeKurongwa kwePCB (uye Kukundikana Kwainodzivirira)

Chimiro chinoratidza kuti pfungwa inogona kushanda; marongerwo ePCB anosarudza kana ichinge yagadzirwa. Netlist imwe chete inogona kugadzira bhodhi rakanyarara, rinogadzirwa kana iro rinopenya, rinokundikana kumhanya, rinopisa, uye rinounganidza zvikanganiso zvemagungano - musiyano uri mukuisa uye kuronga. Mitemo gumi nemitatu iri pazasi ndiyo iyo mainjiniya edu anoona isingatariswe kazhinji pamagadzirirwo anouya, akarongwa nenzira yawaizoisa bhodhi, uye akanyorwa nenhamba dzechokwadi dzinoita kuti dzishandiswe. Hapana chinoshamisa; pamwe chete, dhizaini yePCB inonzwika uye marongerwo anodzivirira ruzhinji rwemagadzirirwo ekudzokorora anogona kudzivirirwa.

Zvinotevera zvinoratidza zvinotariswa nechikwata chedu cheDFM cheHighleap Electronics pakuongorora dhizaini isati yagadzirwa.

1. Nei Kurongeka kwePCB Kuchikosha Kupfuura Kurongwa

Mambure ese ari pabhodhi chimiro chakafanana nechimiro chine resistance, inductance, uye capacitance, uye return current inofanira kudzokera kumba. Chimiro chinovanza zvese izvozvo; marongerwo acho anozviisa pachena. Maitiro emagetsi, kusimba kwechiratidzo chekumhanya kwepamusoro, kushanda kwekupisa, uye kunyange goho rekugadzira zvinosarudzwa nekwakagara zvikamu uye kuti mhangura inozvibatanidza sei - ndosaka mainjiniya ane ruzivo achigona kuponesa dhizaini yepakati murongerwo uye isina hanya inogona kukanganisa chimiro chakanaka. Kubata maitiro akanakisa ePCB semitemo pane zvido ndizvo zvinoita kuti bhodhi rifanotaurwa mukugadzirwa kwese.

2. Mitemo yeKurongwa kwePCB 1–7: Purani yePasi, Kudzika, uye Simba

Sarudzo dzekutanga — usati waona kana chinhu chimwe chete — dzakaisa muganho wekuti bhodhi rinogona kuva rakanaka sei.

Mutemo 1 — Purani yedenga usati waenda

Isa zvinobatanidza, maburi ekuisira, uye mabhuroko makuru anoshanda kutanga, uchibatanidza zvikamu nemabasa kuitira kuti zviratidzo zvifambe zvakananga kune rumwe rutivi. Purani yepasi yakagadzirwa nemaune inopfupisa mambure akakosha uye inodzivirira nzira dzakamanikana dzinozokanganisa gare gare.

Mutemo wechipiri — Chengeta marongero emagetsi ari madiki

Chiratidzo chega chega uye nzira yesimba zvinoumba denderedzwa nekudzoka kwaro, uye nzvimbo yedenderedzwa ndiyo inoburitsa ruzha uye inotora ruzha. Isa zvikamu uye nzira kuitira kuti denderedzwa rega rega - kunyanya masaini anokurumidza uye switching-regulator hot loops - rigare diki sezvinobvira; radiated emissions scale nenzvimbo yedenderedzwa.

Mutemo 3 — Ipa bhodhi nzvimbo yakasimba pasi

Nzira yepasi inoenderera mberi ndiyo chishandiso chine simba kwazvo chekugadzira. Inopa kudzoka kweimpedance yakaderera zvakananga pasi pechiratidzo chega chega, uye haufanirwe kuikanda kana kuipatsanura pasi pematanho ekumhanya kukuru, nekuti chiratidzo chinoyambuka mukaha chinorasikirwa nenzira yachinodzoka nayo, impedance yacho inosvetuka, uye inopenya.

Mutemo wechi4 — Bvisa papini

Isa capacitor inobvisa simba (inowanzova 0.1 µF, saizi yemudziyo) chaipo papini yemagetsi yeIC yega yega, nenzira pfupi, yakafara inoenda kumagetsi nepasi, woidzosera nehukuru hwebhodhi. Capacitor yakaiswa kure, kana yakabatana netsaona refu, inowedzera inductance uye haigone kupa simba rekukurumidza rinodiwa nechip.

Mutemo wechi5 — Analogi yakasiyana, yedhijitari, uye simba

Chengetedza zvikamu zvine ruzha zvemagetsi edhijitari nemagetsi anochinja-chinja kure neanalog neRF, uye fambisa mafungu adzo ekudzoka kuitira kuti ruzha rwedhijitari rusafambe nepasi peanalog. Gadzirisa nekushanda kwepurani yepasi, uye batanidza nzvimbo panzvimbo imwe chete, yakarongwa apo zvikamu zvine masaini akasiyana zvinoda izvozvo.

Mutemo 6 — Ronga network yekugovera magetsi

Ipai njanji yega yega nzira isina kupindira zvakanyanya: maronda akafara kana mapuraneti akatsaurirwa, kubatana kwakasimba kwesimba kubva pasi kuti pave nemagetsi pakati pendege, uye mhangura yakakwana zvekuti njanji haizotsvedzere pasi pemutoro wenguva pfupi. Network yekugovera simba isina simba inoonekwa sema glitches anoonekwa se logic bugs.

Mutemo 7 — Shandisa zvikamu zvakakwana kuita mitemo 3–6

Kana usingakwanise kupa chiratidzo chega chega nzvimbo yekutarisa iri pedyo uye kutakura njanji dzako zvakanaka, wedzera imwe nzvimbo. Bhodhi rine zvidimbu zvina rine zvidimbu zvakanaka rinowanzoita zvakanaka kupfuura bhodhi rakamanikana rine zvidimbu zviviri, uye kuwedzera mhangura kwakachipa pane mutengo wekuvimbika we stackup yakakanganiswa.

3. Mitemo yeKurongwa kwePCB 8–13: Kuronga, Kudzivirira, uye Kugadzira

Kana hurongwa hwepasi hwagadziriswa, nzira yekufambisa zvinhu inoshandura hurongwa kuita mhangura pasina kuhuchinja.

Mutemo 8 — Zvidimbu zvehukuru hwemagetsi nekupisa

Upamhi hwetrace uye huremu hwemhangura zvinosarudza kuti inotakura magetsi akawanda sei pakuwedzera kwekupisa, zvichienderana neIPC -2152 (uye yekare IPC-2221). Simba rehukuru uye pasi zvinotevedza nemaune pane kushandisa upamhi hwechiratidzo chekare, uye zvinozviwedzera panenge paine magetsi akakwira.

Mutemo 9 — Chengetedza mambure ekumhanya kwepamusoro mapfupi, anotarisirwa, uye akaenzana

Nzira dzekukurumidza dzinoita kuti zviratidzo zvipfupike uye zvakananga, nguva dzose pamusoro penzvimbo inoenderera mberi, uye tsanangura kudzorwa kweimpedance kwavari mu stackup (kazhinji 50 Ω ine magumo maviri, 90–100 Ω musiyano). Mapoka akakosha ekuenzanisa nguva uye ma differential pairs, uye chengetedza wachi nemitsetse yekumhanya kwepamusoro kure nemipendero yebhodhi nemambure anonzwa.

Mutemo 10 — Dzora mipendero yekutaura uye miganhu yepakati

Shandisa mutemo we3W — nzvimbo yepakati nepakati ine upamhi hunosvika hutatu hwetrace — kuderedza kutaurirana pakati petrace dzinonzwa dzakafanana, uye mutemo we20H wekudhonza ndege kubva kumucheto webhodhi kuderedza mwaranzi yemucheto. Aya ma heuristics akachipa anodzivirira kushamisika kweEMC kunodhura.

Mutemo 11 — Nzira ine geometry yakachena

Shandisa makombama e45° pane kungoerekana watendeuka, uye dzivisa maangle akasimba, ayo anogona kubata etchant panguva yekugadzira. Chengeta ma vias kure nemapedhi kunze kwekunge azadzwa uye akafukidzwa, uye deredza shanduko dzema layer pama fast nets, sezvo via imwe neimwe ichiwedzera stub uye discontinuity. Dururira uye songa mhangura zvine hungwaru — manotsi edu pa copper pour uye via stitching cover stitching vias dzese dzekudzivirira uye kupisa.

Mutemo 12 — Gadzirisa nzira yekupisa uye dhizaini yekuunganidza

Ipa zvinhu zvinopisa mhangura kuti zviparadzire kupisa, ma "thermal vias" ari pasi pe "power pads", uye ma "thermal-relief connections" ari mu "planes" kuitira kuti ma "pads" arambe achinyatsogadzirwa. Panguva imwe chete, remekedza nzvimbo dzezvikamu uye nzvimbo, tarisa zvikamu zvakafanana nguva dzose kuti zviongorore nekukurumidza, uye siya nzvimbo yekugadzirisa zvikamu zvakapfava uye zvinobatanidza - kurongeka kunoita kuti zvive zvakavimbika uye kuti pave nekubuda kwechinhu.

Mutemo 13 — Wedzera mukana wekuyedza uye dhizaini kune kugona kwekugadzira

Ipai zvinhu zvekushandisa pakuisa michina, nzvimbo dzekuyedza dzekuedza mukati medunhu kana kuti dzinoshanda, uye nzira dzekuchengetedza ma connectors nema enclosures — mozogara mukati memiganhu ye trace/nzvimbo shoma yemugadziri wenyu, annular ring, saizi yekuboorera, uye layer-count. Bhodhi rakanaka kwazvo rinopfuura kugona kwe fab harigone kugadzirwa, uye mukana wekuyedza unozowedzerwa gare gare unowanzoita kuti kutenderedzwa kudzokororwe.

4. Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika zveKuisa PCB

Mitemo iri pamusoro apa inotarisa zvakananga kukundikana kwatinoona zvakanyanya, uye inobatsira kuziva chimwe nechimwe nechiratidzo chacho kwete chikonzero chacho chete.

• Kukundikana kwekubudisa mweya nemagetsi paEMC test kazhinji kacho inoronda pasi pakakamurwa kana kuti pakatsemuka pasi pezviratidzo zvinokurumidza, kana kuti mapuraneti asina kudhonzwa kubva kumucheto.
• Matambudziko asina kurongeka anonyangarika paunoferefeta kazhinji simba-kukwana: kupatsanurana kure zvakanyanya nechip, kana njanji inodonha pasi pemutoro wenguva pfupi.
• Kupisa zvakanyanya kana kudonha kwemagetsi pachitima inobva pamagetsi anotevedza hupamhi hwemagetsi asina kumbosvika pahukuru hwawo.
• Chinongedzo chinokurumidza zvikuru chisingazovharike kazhinji zvinoreva kuti impedance yakatsanangurwa mushure mekurongeka, kana kuti differential pair haina kumbobvira yaenderana nehurefu.
• Bhodhi risingakwanise kuyedzwa kana kuiswa nemazvo zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvekufungidzira kana kuti mapoinzi ekuyedza zvakasiyiwa — zvakawanikwa zvanonoka kugadzirisa pasina kutendeuka.
• "Hatigone kuvaka izvi" kubva kuzvinhu zvinoshamisa Zvinoratidza ma angles acute, sub-minimum spacing, kana kuti impossible drill aspect ratio.

Maitiro acho ese akafanana: mutengo wekutevedzera mutemo panguva yekuronga hauna kukosha, nepo mutengo wekuputsa mutemo wacho uri kutendererazve, kutadza kwebasa, kana kuti kuraswa kwechikamu. Chirango ichi chinobhadhara kekutanga pachinochengetedza bhodhi.

5. Kurongeka kwePCB uye Ongororo yeDFM paHighleap

Kunyangwe kurongeka kwakanyatsonaka kunobatsira kubva kune mamwe maziso anoziva miganhu yefekitori. Paunotumira dhizaini kuHighleap, mainjiniya edu anoita ongororo yeDFM yemahara achipesana nemitemo iri pamusoro uye achipesana nekugona kwedu chaiko — kutarisa trace nenzvimbo, annular ring, saizi dzedrill, stackup ne impedance, thermal relief, spacing yevoltage, uye test access — usati wagadzira chero chinhu. Chinangwa hachisi chekugadzira patsva bhodhi rako asi kubata matambudziko mashoma aizobuda sedambudziko re-spin kana yeievment.

Tumira Gerbers yako kana ODB++ uye tichakudzosera mhinduro chaiyo, inogona kuteverwa, tobva tagadzira uye tobatanidza nehurongwa hwawaida. Kubata puraneti ine slots kana nzvimbo isingavakwe pachidzitiro hakudhuri; kuiwana mushure mekuvaka kwekutanga kunodhura nguva.

Tora Ongororo yeDFM yeMahara yeMarongerwo Ako

6. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezvekugadzirwa kwePCB

Ndeupi mutemo unonyanya kukosha wekurongeka kwePCB?

Ipa bhodhi nzvimbo yakasimba, inoramba iripo pasi uye usamboityora pasi pezviratidzo zvinomhanya zvakanyanya. Inopa nzira yekudzoka isina kupindira zvakanyanya pasi pechinhu chimwe nechimwe, iyo inodzora kupindira uye inoderedza EMI - iyo lever huru pane imwe muchimiro.

Ma capacitor ekuparadzanisa anofanira kuenda kupi?

Pakona pesimba remagetsi reIC yega yega, paine kubatana kupfupi, kwakafara kune simba uye pasi, kwakatsigirwa nehukuru hwemagetsi ebhodhi. Capacitor yakaiswa kure kana yakabatana nechinhu chakatetepa chinowedzera inductance uye haigone kupa chip's fast transient current.

Chiratidzo chePCB chinofanira kunge chakafara sei?

Yakafara zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kutakura magetsi ayo pakupisa kunogamuchirika, zvichienderana nehuremu hwemhangura, zvichienderana neIPC-2152 kana IPC-2221. Zviratidzo zvinogona kuva zvidiki, asi zviratidzo zvesimba nepasi zvinofanira kuverengerwa saizi nemaune uye kuwedzeredzwa apo magetsi ari pamusoro.

Ndeipi mitemo ye3W ne20H?

Mutemo we3W unoisa nzvimbo pakati pematrace anonzwa akaenzana nehupamhi hutatu, pakati nepakati, kuti udzivise kutaura kwepakati. Mutemo we20H unodhonza simba nepasi kubva kumucheto webhodhi nekukosha kwe dielectric kanenge ka20 kuderedza mwaranzi yemumucheto.

Ko makona e 90-degree trace corners idambudziko zvechokwadi here?

Simba remagetsi rinobuda pamakona e90° harisi repamusoro-soro pakumhanya kwakanyanya, asi ma acute angles anofanira kudzivirirwa nekuti anogona kubata etchant panguva yekugadzira. Kufamba ne45° bends ndiyo tsika yakajairika uye yakachena.

Sei ndichida mafiducials nemapoinzi ebvunzo?

MaFiducials anobvumira michina yekuisa bhodhi kuti iwane bhodhi nemazvo, uye nzvimbo dzekuyedza dzinoita kuti bvunzo yemukati medunhu kana yekushanda ishande. Ose ari maviri anenge akasununguka kuwedzera panguva yekurongeka asi anowanzoita kuti atenderedzwe kana akasiyiwa uye achizodiwa gare gare.

Ndinoda matani mangani emadziro kuti ndive nechimiro chakanaka?

Zvakakwana kupa chiratidzo chega chega nzvimbo yekutarisa iri pedyo uye kutakura nhare dzako dzemagetsi. Magadzirirwo akareruka anoshanda pazvikamu zviviri kana zvina; magadzirirwo akakora kana ekumhanya zvakanyanya anoda zvikamu zvitanhatu kana kupfuura saka mitemo yekudzika nekudzivirira inogona kuzadzikiswa.