Audio DSP: Mashandiro Ainoita, Zvainoita, uye Mavakirwo Anoitwa PCB Iri Kuseri Kwayo

Mahedhifoni anodzima ruzha anoita kuti imba yendege ishaikwe, chishandiso chekunzwa chinogona kusiyanisa inzwi kubva kune ruzha rwekumashure muresitorendi yakazara vanhu, chinogamuchira mimhanzi yemumba chinobatanidza nzira shanu dzeaudio nemasipika gumi nerimwe mukamuri raasati ambonzwa - idzi dzese iDSP yeaudio iri kushanda. Kugadziriswa kwemasaini edhijitari eaudio kwave kuripo kubvira kuma1980 ekutanga, asi chakachinja ndechekuti kunowanikwa kupi. Zvaimbove zvakangogumira kumastudio ekurekodha ehunyanzvi nenzvimbo dzekutepfenyura ikozvino zvinoshandisa machipisi anodhura madhora mashoma, mukati mezvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa nemamiriyoni evanhu zuva rega rega. Simba rekugadzirisa uye hunyanzvi hwemaalgorithms zvakura zvakanyanya; maPCB anochengeta machipisi aya akura zvakanyanya kudiwa pakugadzira nekuvaka. Chinyorwa ichi gwara rakakwana reDSP yeaudio kubva padanho realgorithm kusvika pasi pekugadzira.

Zvinonyatsoitwa neAudio DSP

Nekunge zviri nyore, audio DSP iri pakati pecheni yesignali yeaudio. Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) inoongorora odhiyo inouya — kazhinji pa44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 96 kHz, kana 192 kHz zvichienderana neapplication — ichishandura continuous waveform kuita nhamba dzinotevedzana. DSP inogamuchira nhamba idzodzo, inoita masvomhu padziri, uye inogadzira nhamba itsva dzinomiririra odhiyo yakagadziriswa. Digital-to-analog converter (DAC) inoshandura nhamba idzodzo kuita chiratidzo cheanalog chekuwedzera uye kubereka. Pakugadzira karaoke system circuit-board , maikorofoni, DSP routing uye amplifier interfaces zvinoda kuongororwa kwakarongeka kwegrounding uye assembly.

Mutsara mukuru ndewekuti nguva chaiyo . Kusiyana nekugadzirwa kweaudio pasina internet — semuenzaniso, zvichiita kuti DAW ishande — audio DSP inofanira kugadzirisa sampuli yega yega mukati menguva yakatarwa: nguva imwe chete yekutora sampuli. Pa48 kHz, izvi zvinosvika 20.8 microseconds pasampuli imwe neimwe. Basa reDSP core nderekupedzisa maalgorithms ayo ese emachaneli ese ari mukati mehwindo iroro, pamuenzaniso wega wega, nekusingaperi, pasina kumbopotsa nguva yakatarwa. Iyi miganhu yenguva chaiyo ndiyo inoita kuti maDSP eaudio ave nemaitiro ekuvaka — hardware yakatsaurirwa kuwanda, loops dzisina kukwira, I/O yakarongwa nehardware — inoita kuti ishande zvakanaka pabasa iri kupfuura CPU ine chinangwa chayo.

Zvinorehwa ne "processing" mukuita zvinosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nekushandiswa:

• Musystem yezwi rinopa ruzha, DSP inokamura ruzha kuita mabhendi emafrequency uye inoendesa bhendi rega rega kumutyairi akakodzera, inononoka nguva kuti ienderane newavefront yemutyairi wega wega, uye inoganhurira kubuda kwenzwi kudzivirira vatyairi kubva pakupfuura mwero.
• Mufoni inodzima ruzha, DSP inotora chiratidzo chemaikorofoni kubva kunze kweruzha, yochichinja nekuchinonotsa, uye yochiisa kune chiratidzo chenzwi kuti ibvise ruzha rwemhepo nenzira yekurira.
• Muchishandiso chekubatsira kunzwa, DSP inodzvanya dynamic range kuitira kuti manzwi akapfava anzwike pasina ruzha rukuru rusina kugadzikana, inoshandisa directional filtering kusimbisa chiratidzo pamberi pemunhu akapfeka, uye inodzivisa kutaurirana pakati pemaikorofoni neanogamuchira.
• Mukonsoro yekurekodha yestudio, DSP inoshandisa parametric equalization kune yega yega chiteshi, inoshandisa multi-band compression uye limitation, inowedzera reverb uye delay effects, uye inotumira masaini kumabhazi akawanda anobuda — panguva imwe chete, pamatanho akawanda.

Imwe neimwe yeiyi imhando yakasiyana yemaalgorithms, asi ese ane chimiro chimwe chete chakakosha: DSP core, ADC inputs, DAC outputs, uye chinodiwa chekushandisa panguva chaiyo. Mhedzisiro yePCB yekugadzira chimiro ichi ndiyo nyaya yezvikamu zvinotevera zvechinyorwa chino.

Magadzirirwo eCore Audio DSP

Maalgorithms eAudio DSP anowira mumapoka mashoma anoshanda: kuumba ruzha, kudzora maitiro emutauri, kunatsiridza kujeka kwezwi, uye kugadzira mhedzisiro yenzvimbo. Pamwe chete, anotsanangura kuti chipu yeAudio DSP chip inoda simba rekugadzirisa rakadii.

Mapoka Akakosha eAlgorithm

• Kugadzira ruzha: Mafirita eFIR neIIR, parametric EQ, graphic EQ, uye kugadzirisa kamuri zvinogadzirisa frequency balance, phase behavior, uye tonal accuracy.
• Kudzora sipika: Kuchinja-chinja kwedhijitari, kunonoka, kuganhurira, uye EQ yemutyairi wega wega zvinobatsira kuendesa odhiyo kune mutyairi wespika wakakodzera ukuwo zvichidzivirira sisitimu.
• Level control: Macompressor, malimiter, maexpander, uye ma noise gates anodzora ruzha uye anodzivirira kukanganisa kana kuwandisa.
• Kugadzirisa izwi: Kudzima manzwi echo uye kudzvinyirirwa kweruzha kunovandudza kunaka kwekufona nekuderedza mhinduro, ruzha rwemukamuri, uye ruzha rwekumashure rusingadiwe.
• Kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo: HRTF, Dolby Atmos, DTS:X, uye kugadziriswa kwemakamuri kwakakura zvinogadzira kunzwa kwakasimba kwenzvimbo, gwara, uye kunyudzwa.

Mukuita, mabasa aya anowanzo shanda pamwe chete. Semuenzaniso, mutauri akangwara anogona kushandisa EQ, crossover filtering, limitating, echo cancellation, uye noise depression panguva imwe chete.

Maitiro Aya Magadzirirwo Anoita Kusarudzwa kweChip

Chinhu chikuru chaunofanira kuziva ndechekuti: kana kugadzirwa kwenzwi kuchichinja-chinja, kuchishandisa nzira dzakawanda, kana kuti nzvimbo, ndipo panofanira kuva neDSP chip inoshanda zvakanyanya.

Mashandisirwo eDSP muDhidhiyo Mumaindasitiri Ese

MaAudio DSP anoshandiswa chero kupi zvako kunoda kucheneswa, kuumbwa, kuchengetedzwa, kana kudzorwa nenzvimbo. Basa rinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa: mimwe michina inonyanya kukoshesa simba shoma uye saizi diki, nepo mimwe ichida nhamba yepamusoro yechiteshi, kunonoka kwakaderera, uye kugadziriswa kwenguva chaiyo.

Main Application Areas

Dhizaini yePCB yeAudio DSP: Dambudziko reMixed-Signal

Audio DSP PCB yakagadzirwa nechiratidzo chakasanganiswa: ine ma "analog circuitry" e "high-fidelity" (ADC input stages", DAC output filters, audio input amplifiers) ayo anosarudza ratio ye "signal-to-noise ratio" yesystem, uye digital switching circuitry (DSP core, clock, memory interfaces) iyo inogadzira ruzha pa "clock frequency harmonics". Dambudziko guru rekugadzira nderekudzivirira ruzha rwedhijitari kusvika kuchikamu che "analog" - nekuti "noise floor degradation" iyo oscilloscope ingasatomboratidza zvakajeka inonzwika mumamiriro e "audio". Kunzwa kwevanhu kunogona kuona zvinhu zviri pasi pe90–120 dB pasi pe "signal level"; iyi haisi nzvimbo inokanganwira yekugadzira electronic.

Kuronga pasi: sarudzo yekutanga uye inonyanya kukosha yekugadzira

Nzira inoshanda zvikuru yekuderedza ruzha ndeyekuparadzanisa kwemuviri. Kana ADC, DAC, analog input amplifiers, uye audio signal traces zvikaiswa munzvimbo imwe chete yebhodhi - nzvimbo yeanalog - uye DSP chip, digital memory, clock oscillator, uye switching regulator zvikaiswa munzvimbo yakasiyana - nzvimbo yedhijitari - ma ground currents kubva ku digital switching anogara munzvimbo yedhijitari asingafambi nepakati penzira yepasi ye analog section. Kana plan yepasi yangoitwa zvakanaka, dzimwe nzira dzese dzekuderedza ruzha dzinoshanda zviri nani nekuti hadzina zvakawanda zvekuita. Kudzosera shure sarudzo iyi - kuisa DSP chip iri pedyo neADC input stage, semuenzaniso - kunoita kuti mashandiro eruzha rwe analog signal chain ave akaoma zvikuru kudzoreredza zvisinei nekuti mamwe marongerwo acho akaitwa nokungwarira sei.

Mitemo yekuronga pasi yemaPCB eaudio DSP:

• Isa chikamu che analog input — connector, input filter, chero preamp, uye ADC — pamwe chete, kure neDSP chip uye wachi circuitry.
• Isa DAC nefirita rekubuda pamwe chete parutivi rweanalog, uchibvisa kubuda kweanalog kubva kuDSP usati wasvika kune chero chinongedzo kana amplifier yekubuda.
• Chip yeDSP, macapacitor ayo ekudhonza, oscillator yewachi, uye chero SPI flash kana EEPROM inobatanidzwa inoshandiswa munzvimbo yedhijitari.
• Chikamu chemagetsi — kunyanya chero chinodzora magetsi — chinoenda kumucheto kwebhodhi, kure nenzira dzechiratidzo cheanalog nedhijitari, chine inductor neswitch node yakatarisana kuitira kuti magnetic flux isabatane nezviratidzo zviri pedyo.
• Kana I²S kana TDM digital audio interface ichibatanidza DSP kune external codec, fambisa iyo interface nepakati penzvimbo isina kusimba pakati pezvikamu zveanalog nedigital pane kuburikidza nechero chikamu.

Mitemo yekutumira masaini emabhodhi eDSP eaudio

Zviratidzo zveanalog audio ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha pakudzivirira. Zvinofanira kunge zviri zvipfupi, zvichibviswa pawachi nemaharmonics ayo, uye zvisingambofi zvakasangana nezviratidzo zvemagetsi zvine simba guru. Zviratidzo zvewachi yedhijitari — kusanganisira zviratidzo zveMCLK neBCLK zveI²S interfaces — zvinopenya pafrequency yavo yekutanga uye maharmonics uye zvinofanirwa kubatwa ne discipline yakafanana ne crystal oscillator: pfupi, yakachengetedzwa, uye iri mukati mechikamu chine reference plane pamusoro nepasi pese pazvinogoneka. Maitiro ese ekufambisa ma audio DSP boards: chengetedza zviratidzo zveanalog audio zviri zvipfupi sezvinobvira; chengeta mitsara yewachi kure nenzira dzeanalog; batanidza magetsi enzira kunonoka sezvinobvira (mushure mekunge ma signal routing ese apera).

Kudzika pasi, Mapurani, uye Kupatsanura paAudio DSP PCBs

Pakugadzira maPCB eaudio DSP, nzira yakachengeteka inowanzo kuve yepasi rimwe chete rinoramba riripo rine nzvimbo dzakajeka dzeanalog nedhijitari. Izvi zvinodzivirira njodzi yeEMI inokonzereswa nemapasi akapatsanurwa ukuwo zvichiramba zvichidzora mafungu ekudzoka.

Nheyo dzeMarongerwo

• Shandisa purani imwe chete yevhu yakasimba: Inopa chiratidzo chega chega nzira pfupi, isina kupindira kwakanyanya.
• Kuparadzanisa nekuiswa, kwete nekucheka mhangura: Chengetedza macircuit eanalog munzvimbo yeanalog uye macircuit edhijitari munzvimbo yedhijitari.
• Dzivisa nzira yekufamba nepakati pemipata yendege: Kupatsanurwa kana kuti slot kunogona kumanikidza kudzoka kwemagetsi kuita loop hombe uye kuwedzera EMI.
• Nzvimbo dzekuyambuka: Zviratidzo zvakaita seI²S zvinofanira kuyambuka nzvimbo dzakasiyana panzvimbo imwe chete yakatarwa.
• Wedzera kuburikidza nekusona kana zvichidikanwa: Ma "ground vias" anogona kubatsira kudzora ruzha uye kuvandudza dziviriro yakakomberedza zvikamu zve "analog" zvinonzwa.

Dhizaini yeMagetsi eDSP ane Ruzha Rushoma

Bhodhi reDSP rinoda simba redhijitari rinoshanda zvakanaka uye simba reanalog rakachena. Magadzirirwo esimba anofanirwa kuramba achichinja ruzha kubva kuADCs, DACs, wachi, uye nzira dzeanalog audio.

Pfupiso yeMagadzirirwo eSimba

Kurongeka kweADC neDAC paAudio DSP PCBs

ADC neDAC ndiwo mashandisirwo ari pakati penyika yeanalog audio nedhijitari yeDSP. Nzvimbo yadzo, dhizaini yekupa, uye nzira yekutumira manzwi adzo uye manzwi adzo zvine chekuita zvakananga nechiyero chesignali-ku-ruzha, dynamic range, uye mashandiro e distortion system yeaudio.

Kuisa uye kuronga firita yeAnti-aliasing

ADC isati yatanga kuisa, firita inodzivirira kupararira kwesimba — firita inobvisa masaini ari pamusoro peNyquist frequency (hafu yechiyero chemuenzaniso) — inodiwa kudzivirira kupararira kwesimba. Kune 48 kHz sample rate, firita inodzivirira kupararira kwesimba inofanira kuderedza masaini ari pamusoro pe24 kHz zvakanyanya. Zvikamu zvefirita (resistor nema capacitors eRC filter, kana op-amp uye passive components ye active Sallen-Key kana MFB topology) zvinogara pakarepo pamberi peADC's analog input pin uye zvinofanirwa kuendeswa ne short traces kuderedza pickup yekukanganiswa kwe high-frequency. Kana chiratidzo chekupinda chichibva pa long trace run kubva ku connector, trace iyoyo inoshanda se antenna; kuisa RC filter pedyo ne connector input kunoderedza simba rinosvika kuADC.

DAC output filter uye output stage

Kubuda kweDAC iwaveform ine nhanho - inoshanduka mukusvetuka kwakasiyana pachiyero chemuenzaniso, uye ine mifananidzo yezvinhu paharmonics yechiyero chemuenzaniso chinofanira kubviswa nefirita rekuvakazve chiratidzo chisati chasvika paamplifier kana connector. Firita rekuvakazve (kazhinji RC isingashande kana firita reop-amp) rinogara pakarepo mushure meDAC output pin, munzvimbo yeanalog. Amplifier yekubuda - op-amp buffer kana class-D driver - inoitevera. Kuendesa DAC output kuburikidza nechero chikamu chedigital zone pakati peDAC nefirita kunoita kuti pave nemukana wekuti clock-frequency interference iwedzere kuchiratidzo cheanalog; izvi zvinofanirwa kudzivirirwa nekuchengetedza nzira yese yeDAC output muanalog zone kubva paDAC pin kuenda kune output connector.

Nzira dzakasiyana dzezviratidzo zveADCs neDACs dzinoshanda zvakanyanya

MaADC eaudio anoshanda zvakanyanya uye maDAC anoshandisa nzira dzechiratidzo chedifferential — masaini maviri anoenderana anotakura odhiyo, pane chiratidzo chine magumo rimwe chete chinonongedzerwa pasi. Differential signaling inopa kurambwa kweruzha rwecommon-mode: chero ruzha rwakabatana zvakaenzana pamatracks ese ari maviri runobviswa pakugamuchira input. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei hunyanzvi hweaudio interfaces huchishandisa balanced connections (XLR, TRS ne tip-ring-sleeve), uye nei PCB trace routing yenzira yeanalog signal pabhodhi reDSP reaudio repamusoro ichiendesa chiratidzo se differential pair kubva painput connector kuenda kuADC input, uye kubva paDAC output kuenda ku output connector. Kuchengetedza hurefu hwakaenzana, equal trace widths, uye equal routing geometry pakati petraces mbiri mu differential pair kwakakosha kuchengetedza common-mode kurambwa — kwakakosha semadhijitari differential pairs anomhanya nekukurumidza, asi kune zvakasiyana (noise immunity pane signal integrity).

Wachi uye kurira: nei mashandiro eADC neDAC audio zvichienderana nemhando yewachi yePCB

Wachi yemuenzaniso inodzora kana ADC ikayedza analog input uye kana DAC ikagadzirisa kubuda kwayo inofanira kunge yakagadzikana zvakanyanya. Kuchinja kwewachi — kusiyana kwenguva yemipendero yewachi — kunoshanduka zvakananga kuita ruzha pachiratidzo chakashandurwa nechinhu chinonzi aperture jitter. Kune 24-bit DAC inoshanda pachiratidzo che20 kHz chakazara, kusvetuka kweaperture kunodiwa kuti ruzha rwejitter rurambe rwuri pasi pequantization noise floor isingasviki 1 ps RMS. Izvi zvinogoneka neVCXO kana TCXO oscillator yakanaka uye PCB layout yakanaka — short clock traces, clean supply ye oscillator, hapana routing iri pedyo ne switching regulators — asi inokanganiswa nyore nyore nesarudzo dzisina kunaka dze layout. Asynchronous sample rate converters (ASRCs) dzinoshandiswa mune mamwe magadzirirwo chaiwo ekugadzirisa data reaudio kubva kuwachi yemunharaunda ine low-jitter, kubvisa kuvimba nehunhu hwejitter yewachi inouya.

Kugadzirwa uye Kugadzirwa kweAudio DSP PCB paHighleap Electronics

Highleap Electronics ifekitari yekugadzira nekugadzira maPCB. Mabhodhi eAudio DSP anomiririra chikamu chatinogara tichivaka — kubva kumabhodhi ekutonga eloudspeaker ane batch small-batch active uye maPCB ezvishandiso zvekunzwa kuburikidza nemamota eDSP eaudio nemakadhi ehunyanzvi eaudio interface pahuwandu. Zvinodiwa zvekugadzira mabhodhi eaudio DSP zvine zvimwe zvinhu izvo kugadzirwa kwePCB kwakajairika kusingatariswe pasina kunyatsofungwa.

Zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvakanangana nemabhodhi eDSP anonzwika

Chinodiwa chekudzora-impedance pamabhodhi eDSP eaudio chakasiyana nedhizaini yedhijitari chete. Kunyange zvazvo bhodhi redhijitari richinyanya kuda kudzora-impedance yemainterface aro edhijitari anomhanya (DDR, PCIe), bhodhi redhijitari rine chimwe chinodiwa chekudzora-impedance yeanalog: matrace eaudio eanalog kubva kuma-input connectors kuenda kuADC, uye kubva kuDAC kuenda kuma-output connectors, anofanirwa kuchengetedza masource chaiwo uye load impedances kudzivirira shanduko dzefrequency-response dzinonzwika. Kusimbiswa kwestack-up kunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zveanalog nedigital impedance - izvo zvinogona kuda hupamhi hwakasiyana hwetrace pama layers akasiyana. Isu tinopa kuverenga kwakasimbiswa kwestack-up tichishandisa chaiwo laminate Dk values ​​kubva mumaitiro edu ekugadzira kune yega yega controlled-impedance design, kusanganisira maaudio DSP boards.

Hunhu hwepasi hunonyanya kukosha pamabhodhi eaudio. Chero kubviswa kwemhangura isina kurongeka, nzvimbo, kana kubviswa kwemhangura isina kurongeka kubva pasi pasi pechikamu chechiratidzo cheanalog - kunokonzerwa nekubviswa kwemagetsi, kuronga kusina kunaka kwepasi, kana kutarisirwa kwekunwa kwemhangura isina kurongeka - kunokanganisa nzira yekudzoka kwemagetsi eanalog uye kunowedzera ruzha. Ongororo yedu yeDFM isati yagadzirwa inoongorora kuenderera mberi kwepasi muchikamu cheanalog sechinhu chakatsanangurwa chekuongorora magadzirirwo eaudio, kwete cheki yekuzadza plane.

Kune mabhodhi eDSP emota, zvinodiwa pakugadzira zvinofanirwawo kutarisa zvinotevera:

• Zvinhu zve laminate zvinopisa zvakanyanya zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nekupisa kwechigadzirwa (ISOLA 370HR kana zvakaenzana kana standard FR-4 isingakwani).
• Kuenderana kwejira remota — mabhodhi emotokari anowanzo putirwa zvakafanana mushure mekubatanidzwa, zvichireva kuti pamusoro pechinhu chacho panofanira kunge paine zvinhu zvakafanira uye kuti zvikamu zvacho zvisaparadzwe.
• Kugadziriswa kwepamusoro pekupisa kwakanyanya — ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) inosarudzwa kupfuura HASL pakushandiswa kwemotokari uko kugona kunofanira kuramba kwakaenderana nehupenyu hwechigadzirwa.

Zvaunofanira kufunga nezvekugadzira mabhodhi eDSP anoteerera

Iyo ADAU1701 iri mupakeji yayo ye48-LQFP chikamu cheSMT chinosvikika zviri nyore - muviri we7 mm × 7 mm une lead pitch ye0.5 mm, mukati mekugona kwemidziyo yeSMT yakajairwa isina zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvekushanda. Iyo ADAU1452 iri mupakeji yayo ye144-TQFP uye mhando dzeBGA dzemhuri yeSHARC dzinoda kunyatsorongeka kwekuisa, uye kune maBGA, X-ray inspection post-reflow seyakajairwa - iyo BGA assembly discipline imwecheteyo inotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chedu cheDSP Chip PCB inoshanda pano.

Zvikamu zve analog section zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa padanho rekugadzira. Ma anti-aliasing filter capacitors, ma DAC output filter capacitors, uye supply dracoupling ceramics eADC neDAC zvinofanirwa kuongororwa kuti zvionekwe zvakanaka (kana polarity ichikosha) uye kuti value tolerance — 1% capacitor iri munzvimbo yakakosha yeaudio filter inogadzira frequency-response error ndeimwe yeanowanzo kundikana mashandiro eaudio board iyo inopfuura bvunzo yemagetsi iri nyore yekuenda/isina kuenda asi inogadzira mavara anonzwika. Kuedzwa kwedu kwekugadzirwa kwema audio DSP boards kunosanganisira at-frequency electrical verification yeanalog signal chain apo mutengi anopa ma test vectors uye pass/fail criteria, kwete kungotarisa continuity uye component presence checks.

Kune mabhodhi ekubatsira kunzwa uye mabhodhi eDSP anopfekwa — uko PCB inogona kunge iri dhizaini yakasimba-inochinjika kana yakatetepa kwazvo ine zvikamu zve0201 ne01005 — maitiro ekubatanidza anoda michina uye mushandi ane hunhu hwakasiyana nehurongwa hwemagetsi evatengi. Isu tinobata izvi semapurogiramu akasarudzika ane maitiro akatsaurirwa uye kuongororwa kwekutanga kwechinhu huwandu hwekugadzira husati hwaburitswa.

Kutsvaga zvikamu zvezvirongwa zveDSP zveaudio

Mapurogiramu eAudio DSP anoenderana nezvinhu zvinosangana nematambudziko ekuwanikwa kwemagetsi dzimwe nguva: ADAU1701 neADAU1452 dzakambova nenguva dzekutungamira kwemavhiki makumi maviri kusvika makumi mashanu nemaviri panguva yekudiwa kwakanyanya; makristaro oscillators uye macapacitor eaudio anonyatsoshanda (mafirimu nemarudzi eNP0/C0G) anosimbawo zvakanyanya panguva yekudiwa kwemagetsi. Sevhisi yedu yekuwana michina inobva kuDSP chips uye zvikamu zveanalog zvine chekuita nazvo kuburikidza nenzira dzakatenderwa dzekugovera. Kune mapurogiramu ane zvisungo zvekugadzira kwenguva refu, tinopa mazano ekuchengetedza stock stock kuti chigadzirwa chirambe chichienderera mberi kuburikidza nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi.

Ungave uri kuvaka muenzaniso wekutanga wezwi rinonzwika rine ADAU1701 pakati paro, kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwehedhifoni yeBluetooth DSP, kana kuunza module yekugadzirisa odhiyo yemotokari kufekitori kekutanga, nzira yekugadzira-kusvika-ku-kugadzira inotanga neongororo yeDFM inosimbisa kuti bhodhi rinogona kugadzirwa uye kuti purani yepasi rine masaini akasiyana-siyana rakarurama bhodhi rekutanga risati ragadzirwa. Ongororo iyoyo ndeyemahara, uye ndiyo chikamu chinodhura zvakanyanya chekugadzira.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve Audio DSP

Ndeipi chip yeDSP inonyanyo kufarirwa yeDIY nemapurojekiti akaiswa mukati?

Analog Devices ADAU1701 ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zveAnalog Devices uye ndiyo sarudzo yakakurumbira yemapurojekiti eDIY active speaker. Inobatanidza 28/56-bit DSP core, maADC maviri, maDAC mana, uye maI²S/SPI interfaces pane imwe chip, inoshanda yakazvimirira kubva kuEEPROM yekunze, uye inorongwa nemifananidzo uchishandisa software yeAnalog Devices yemahara isina kodhi yekunyora. ADAU1452 ndiyo inotsiva magadzirirwo epamusoro-soro anoda simba rakawanda rekugadzirisa kana maI/O channels akawanda.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peDSP yeaudio neamplifier yenguva dzose?

Amplifier inoshandura mwero wechiratidzo chenzwi — inoita kuti chive neruzha kana kuti ienderane ne load impedance. Audio DSP inogadzira chiratidzo nemasvomhu: inogona kushandura huwandu hwayo hwema frequency (equalization), kushandura dynamic range yayo (compression/limiting), kuipatsanura kuita frequency bands (crossover), kuyera nekudzima ruzha (ANC), kuwedzera spatial effects, uye kushandisa nguva inononoka. Mazhinji ma audio systems emazuva ano anoshandisa ese ari maviri: DSP kugadzirisa chiratidzo uye amplifier kutyaira maspika. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zveaudio zvakabatanidzwa zvinosanganiswa paPCB imwe chete.

Chii chinonzi active noise cancelation uye DSP inoigonesa sei?

Kudzima ruzha (ANC) kunoshandisa maikorofoni kuyera ruzha rwusati rwasvika munzeve yemuteereri, kunoshandura chikamu chechiratidzo cheruzha chakatorwa (kuwedzera muenzaniso wega wega ne −1), uye kuwedzera chiratidzo chakatorwa kune chinobuda muaudio. Kana ruzha rwakatorwa rukasvika munzeve panguva imwe chete neruzha rwekutanga rwuchisvika mumhepo, vaviri vanodzima — vachideredza huwandu hweruzha rwunoonekwa ne25–40 dB kuti ruve ne frequency yakaderera. DSP inobata inversion, kugadzirisa kunonoka (saka chiratidzo chakatorwa chinosvika panguva chaiyo), uye adaptive algorithms inovandudza chiratidzo chekudzima ruzha sezvo ruzha ruchichinja. Zvese izvi zvinoitwa munguva chaiyo pachiyero che audio sampling; zvinongoshanda chete paDSP core yakatsaurirwa nekuti CPU ine chinangwa chakawanda inoshandisa simba rakawandisa pahupenyu hwebhatiri hunoda mahedhifoni.