Kunzwisisa Crystal Oscillators uye Yavo PCB Layout

Iyo crystal oscillator ndiyo yakakosha mutambi mudhijitari redunhu dhizaini. Kazhinji mudhizaini yedunhu, iyo crystal oscillator inoonekwa semoyo wedhijitari wedunhu. Basa rese redhijitari redhijitari hariparadzaniswe kubva kuchiratidzo chewachi, uye crystal oscillator inodzora zvakananga kutanga kweiyo system yese.

Nhanganyaya kune Crystal oscillator

Crystal oscillator kazhinji inoreva marudzi maviri: quartz crystal oscillator uye quartz crystal resonator, inogona zvakare kunzi zvakananga crystal oscillator. Izvo zvese zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa piezoelectric mhedzisiro yemakristasi equartz.

Iyo Nheyo yePiezoelectricity muCrystal Oscillators

Kana mechanical stress ikaiswa kune piezoelectric material, senge quartz, inogadzira chaji yemagetsi pamativi ayo. Zvakasiyana, kana nzvimbo yemagetsi inoshandiswa, zvinhu zvinoshandura chimiro, zvichibudisa simba remagetsi.
Iyi nzira inodzoreredzwa inoshandiswa mukristaro oscillators kugadzira yakagadzikana oscillating chiratidzo.

Quartz yakajairika piezoelectric zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mune oscillators nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo, kuwanikwa, uye kuenderana.
Iyo quartz crystal yakachekwa kuita chaiyo chimiro inogona kugadzirwa kuti idedere pane chaiyo frequency kana voltage yaiswa pairi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti izvo zvinhu zvinoratidza resonant frequency, senge forogo yekugadzira.

Iko kugona kugadzira iyo chaiyo uye yakagadzikana frequency inoita kuti piezoelectric quartz crystals ikwane kuchengetedza nguva mumawachi, kudzikamisa mafambiro mumaredhiyo, uye nekupa chiratidzo chewachi mumaseketi akabatanidzwa edhijitari.

Kurongwa kwekristaro oscillators

Passive crystal oscillator

Passive crystal oscillators makristasi, kazhinji 2-pini isiri-polar zvishandiso (mamwe passive crystal oscillators ane asiri-polar akaiswa mapini).

Passive crystal oscillators kazhinji inoda rubatsiro rwewachi yewachi inogadzirwa neyakatakura capacitor kugadzira chiratidzo cheoscillation (sine wave chiratidzo).

Active crystal oscillator

Makristasi anoshanda ari oscillator, kazhinji ane mapini mana. Active crystal oscillators haidi iyo CPU yemukati oscillator uye inogadzira masikweya wave masaini. Iyo inoshanda crystal oscillator inogona kugadzira wachi chiratidzo kana ichifambiswa nayo.

Iyo inoshanda crystal oscillator chiratidzo yakagadzikana, yemhando yakanaka, uye nzira yekubatanidza iri nyore. Iko kukanganisa kwechokwadi kudiki pane iyo passive crystal oscillator, uye mutengo unodhura kupfuura passive crystal oscillator.

Basic parameters yecrystal oscillators

Uchishandisa Tembiricha Range:

Iyi parameter inotsanangudza huwandu hwematembiricha ambient mukati umo iyo crystal oscillator yakagadzirirwa kushanda nemazvo. Iyo inokanganisa kugadzikana kwakawanda kwekristaro. Makristasi akagadzirwa kuti ashande munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sekutengesa (0°C kusvika 70°C), maindasitiri (-40°C kusvika 85°C), kana muchiuto (-55°C kusvika 125°C). Zvishandiso uye dhizaini yekristaro inosarudza kugona kwayo kutsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuchengetedza kuita.

Kururama Kukosha (Frequency Tolerance):

Iyo frequency kushivirira ndiyo chiyero chekuti yakawanda sei iyo chaiyo frequency inogona kusiyanisa kubva kune yakatarwa frequency yecrystal oscillator. Inowanzo kuratidzwa muzvikamu pamiriyoni (ppm) uye inoratidza kurongeka kweiyo frequency yekristaro pasi pemamiriro akatarwa. Iyo diki kukosha kweppm, iyo yakakwirira iyo chaiyo. Izvi zvakakosha mumashandisirwo apo kuwiriranisa kwakakosha, senge mumasisitimu ekutaurirana kana madhizaini ekugadzirisa nguva.

Matching Capacitance (Load Capacitance):

Load capacitance inoreva kuwanda kweiyo capacitance iyo, kana yakabatana nekristaro, inobvumira kuti iite oscillate panguva yayo yakatarwa. Iyo isiriyo inotakura capacitance inogona kudhonza frequency kure kubva kune yayo yakatarwa kukosha. Vagadziri vanotsanangura capacitance yekristaro, uye vagadziri vedunhu vanofanirwa kuifananidza neyakakodzera ekunze capacitor kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda chaiko.

Packaging Form:

Iyo yekurongedza inoreva kuvharika kwemuviri kwekristaro oscillator, iyo inogona kusiyana muhukuru uye chimiro. Iyo yekurongedza inofanirwa kuchengetedza yakapfava quartz crystal uye yayo yemagetsi zvikamu kubva kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu uye mechaniki kushushikana. Mafomu akajairwa anosanganisira kuburikidza-gomba simbi magaba, pamusoro-gomo ceramic mapakeji, uye madiki mapakeji emagetsi anotakurika. Sarudzo yekurongedza inotemerwa neiyo nzvimbo zvipingamupinyi uye zvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza.

Core Frequency (Nominal Frequency):

Iyo yezita frequency ndiyo inotarisirwa kushanda frequency yecrystal oscillator. Inotarirwa nekucheka uye ukuru hwekristaro yequartz. Kirista yega yega inochekwa kuti iite zvekuzunguzika pane imwe frequency, iyo inoumba 'kurova kwemoyo' kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Iyo yezita frequency inogona kubva pashoma kilohertz (kHz) kune yakaderera-frequency application kusvika kumazana emegahertz (MHz) yeakakwira-frequency application, senge radio transmitters kana makomputa.

Crystal oscillator dhizaini dhizaini paPCB board

Sezvo moyo wedhijitari wedunhu, iyo crystal oscillator inokanganisa kugadzikana kweiyo system yese. Kusarudzwa kweiyo system crystal oscillator inosarudza kubudirira kana kukundikana kwedhijitari redunhu.

Sezvo pane quartz crystal mukati me crystal oscillator, zviri nyore kuita kuti crystal oscillator irege kuzununguka nekuda kwekunze kwekunze, nezvimwewo, saka kuiswa kwakavimbika kwekristaro oscillator kunofanirwa kutariswa pakugadzira dunhu, uye nzvimbo yaro inofanirwa. kwete kuva pedyo nechepamusoro pebhodhi, midziyo shell, nezvimwewo. Paunenge uchiisa kunze crystal oscillator paPCB, iwe unowanzo teerera kune anotevera mapoinzi:

• Iyo crystal oscillator haigoni kuva pedyo zvakanyanya kumucheto webhodhi, uye ganda rekrisiti oscillator rinofanira kunge rakagadziriswa, kana zvisina kudaro zvichaita nyore nyore kuti crystal oscillator iite ruzha.Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kuti uteerere paunenge uchigadzira bhodhi. Kugadzika goko kunogona kudzivirira iyo crystal oscillator kubva kunze, uye zvakare inogona kudzivirira iyo crystal oscillator kubva mukukanganiswa kubva kune ekunze masaini. Kana ichifanira kurongwa pamucheto wePCB, unogona kuisa imwe GND mutsara pedyo nekristaro oscillator yakadhindwa mutsara, uye kuchera maburi pane imwe chinhambwe pamutsetse wepasi kuti utenderedze crystal oscillator.
• Mitsetse yechiratidzo haigone kuiswa pasi pekristaro oscillator, zvikasadaro zvinokonzeresa kuti mitsetse yechiratidzo ibatane neruzha rweharmonic kubva kune crystal oscillator.Iva nechokwadi chekuti pasi rakanyatsogadzirwa uye usafambise wiring mukati me300mil yekristaro oscillator. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirira crystal oscillator kubva pakukanganisa kushanda kweimwe wiring, zvikamu uye zvidimbu.
• Kana iyo sefa mudziyo ukaiswa pasi pekristaro oscillator, uye iyo firita capacitor uye inoenderana resistor haina kurongeka zvinoenderana nechiratidzo chekuyerera kwechiratidzo, iyo yekusefa kwesefa ichave yakashata. Iyo coupling capacitors inofanira kuiswa padyo sezvinobvira kune mapini emagetsi ekristaro oscillator mukudzika kurongeka kwecapacitance kukosha zvinoenderana negwara rekuyerera kwesimba.
• Wiring yechiratidzo chewachi inofanira kuva pfupi sezvinobvira, nehupamhi hwemutsara wakafara, uye kuwana chiyero pakati pehurefu hwetambo uye chinhambwe kubva kune zvinopisa.

Kukosha kweCrystal Oscillators muDigital Circuits

Munyika yemaseketi edhijitari, makristasi oscillator anoita basa rakakosha, rinowanzotsanangurwa se "kurova kwemoyo" kwehurongwa. Ivo vanopa yakakosha wachi chiratidzo chinochengeta zvese zviri muchibvumirano, kubva pakugadzirisa data kusvika kutaurirana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemudziyo. Fungidzira uchiedza kuita kuti nhaurirano ienderere mberi nemumwe munhu kana pasina mumwe wenyu anga aine pfungwa yenguva-ndizvo zvingaita sedhijitari isina chiratidzo chewachi yakagadzikana! Nekuona kuti nguva yacho ndeyechokwadi uye inowirirana, makristaro oscillator anobatsira madhijitari kuti afambe zvakanaka uye nemazvo, ingave iri smartphone yako, komputa, kana yakaoma yekutaurirana system.

Mazano ekuisa Crystal Oscillators paPCB Boards

Kuisa crystal oscillator paPCB hakusi kwekungotsvaga nzvimbo iri nyore; ndezvekuona kuti vanoshanda nemazvo pasina kuvhiringwa. Zvakangofanana nekusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera kudyara ruva rinonzwa mubindu rako-iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira nzvimbo dzine mamiriro akaoma. Kune makristasi oscillator, izvi zvinoreva kuvachengeta kure ne-high-frequency ruzha masosi uye kuona kuti dzakadzika-dzika kudzivirira ruzha rusingadiwe. Zvakakoshawo kuti uzviise pedyo nezvikamu zvavanoshanda nazvo uye kushandisa mitsetse mipfupi, yakananga yekubatanidza. Aya mazano ekuisa nekuchenjerera anobatsira kuchengetedza kujeka kwechiratidzo chewachi, iyo yakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka kwedunhu rese redhijitari.

Kana muchida dhizaini yePCB yakagadzirwa uye sevhisi yekubatanidza kana chero imwe mhinduro dzePCB, ndapota musazeza kutibata.