Kubvisa Wick vs Pombi: Ndeipi Chishandiso Chebasa Ripi, uye Mashandisiro Echimwe Nechimwe

Kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira: Chivabvu 2026 · Gwaro rinoshanda uye rakarurama rekusarudza nekushandisa maturusi ese ari maviri ekubvisira

Kubvisa tambo nepombi yekudzima zvinogadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana, uye kuziva chekushandisa - uye mashandisirwo echimwe nechimwe pasina kusimudza padhi - ndizvo zvinoparadzanisa kugadzirisa kwakachena kubva pabhodhi rakakuvara. Gwaro iri rinoenzanisa musoro nemusoro, rinotsanangura mashandiro anoita chimwe nechimwe, rinofananidza chishandiso chimwe nechimwe nebasa rakakodzera, rinotarisa nzira inodzivirira kukuvara kunowanzoitika, uye rinotarisa kuti nzvimbo yekudzima ine simba inozowana riini nzvimbo yayo pabhenji. Chinangwa ndechekuti upedze kuziva kwete chete chishandiso chekutenga, asi mashandisirwo acho nemazvo kekutanga.

Chidzitiro vs. pombi pakutarisa

Zvishandiso zviviri izvi zvinopa simba, kwete makwikwi. Tafura iyi inoratidza kuti chimwe nechimwe chinokunda papi saka zvimwe zviri mugwaro iri zvine musoro.

Pombi inobvisa mvura inoshanda sei

Pombi inobvisa mvura — inowanzonzi solder sucker — ipurenji ine spring-loaded mukati mebharenji. Unoipura nekudzvanya plunger pasi kusvika yabatana, wonyungudutsa target joint nesimbi yako, woisa nozzle pamusoro pesolder yakanyungudutswa, wodzvanya bhatani rekuburitsa. Plunger inodzoka, uye vacuum inokasira inodhonza solder yakanyungudutswa mubharenji. Ndiyo nzira inokurumidza yekudurura gomba guru resolder.

Variants

Mhando mbiri dzakajairika dziripo: pombi yeplunger inogadzirwa nemaoko, uye ma sucker akapfava akaita sema bulb (dzvinya, bata pamusoro pejoinhi, sunungura kuti solder iswedere kumusoro). Rudzi rweplunger runogadzira vacuum yakasimba, isingatarisirwi uye ndiyo sarudzo yakajairika yekubvisa maburi akaputirwa.

Kuramba ichishanda

Pombi inoshanda chete kana vacuum ikaramba yakasimba. Bvisa chinhu chinosungirirwa chakaunganidzwa nguva dzose nekusundidzira plunger kuti ibvise bhare, kuchengeta muromo wakachena uye usina kuvharika, uye kutsiva muromo wemuromo wakasakara kana wakanyunguduka. Bhare rakavharwa kana muromo wakatsemuka ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti pombi "irege kusvuta."

Nguva inoita kuti pombi ishande

Kushanda kwepombi kunoenderana nenguva. Solder inofanira kunge yakanyungudutswa zvizere uye nozzle yatove panzvimbo yayo ipapo paunotanga kuburitsa - chero kunonoka kunoita kuti solder itange kusimba zvakare uye vacuum haibati chinhu. Rhythm inodzidziswa ndeiyi: kupisa joint nesimbi kusvika solder yabatana uye yapenya, svetera nozzle yakatemwa pamusoro payo uku uchichengetedza simbi iri padyo, wozoisunungura. Paburi rakapinza, wedzera solder nyowani tanga; zvinopesana, solder yakanyungudutswa yakawanda inopfuudza kupisa zviri nani uye inobvisa gomba zvakakwana pane kuedza kusveta joint yakatetepa, yakasanganiswa. Mapombi ane spring-loaded anorovawo zvishoma paanopfura, saka simbisa ruoko rwako kuitira kuti nozzle isatsvedze kubva papad.

Mashandiro anoita tambo yekubvisa soldering

Tambo yekubvisa tambo — inonziwo solder braid — yakagadzirwa nemhangura yakarukwa zvakanaka, inowanzo putirwa neflux. Unoisa tambo yacho pajointi wodzvanya simbi yako inopisa pamusoro payo. Solder iri pasi payo painonyunguduka, inodhonzwa mu straight ne capillary action, iyo physics imwecheteyo inodhonza mvura mu paper towel.

Chii chakanakisa pairi

Wick inyanzvi pakusimudza mafirita matete e solder uye kubvisa mabhiriji e solder pakati pemapini akapfava, uye inosiya pad yakati sandara, yakachena kumashure - nzvimbo chaiyo yaunoda usati wabatanidza chikamu cheSMT. Kana pombi ikasiya residue inoshanda asi isina kuenzana zvishoma, wick inopedzisa pad zvakanaka.

Kushandisa zvinobudirira

Ruoko rutsva chete rwakachena runonamira zvakanaka. Sezvo magumo azere nesolder rinomira kunyudza, saka bvisa magumo akashandiswa, akazara nesolder nezvidimbu zvekucheka mativi kuitira kuti mhangura itsva ibate joint inotevera. Kuwedzera flux kune braid kunowedzera kukurumidza uye kuchena kwayo, kunyanya pamajoints ekare.

Kusarudza upamhi hwekurukwa hwakakodzera

Wick inouya yakafara zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kufananidza upamhi nebasa kunokosha kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevatangi. Kurukwa kwakamanikana (kunenge 1.5 mm) kunokodzera maSMT pads akapfava nenzvimbo dzakamanikana uko kurukwa kwakafara kungabatana nemapedhi ari pedyo; kurukwa kwakafara (2.5–3.5 mm) kunobvisa majoini makuru uye mapurani epasi nekukurumidza nekuti kunobata solder yakawanda papasi. Yakafara zvakanyanya papedhi diki inopedza kupisa nekurukwa; yakamanikana zvakanyanya pajoini hombe zvinoreva kuchekerera kusingaperi. Kuchengeta upamhi huviri pabhenji kunofukidza mamiriro ese ezvinhu. Nzira inobatsira pajoini rinorema: dzvanya kurukwa nemuromo wesimbi wakatsetseka pane poindi, kuitira kuti kupisa kupararire pane mamwe marukwa uye tambo dzesolder dzifambe kamwe chete panzvimbo pedzinoverengeka.

Zvekushandisa, nebasa

Kuenzanisa chishandiso nebasa ndicho hunyanzvi hunonyanya kukosha:

• Kubvisa chinodzivisa kupinda nepaburi, capacitor, kana header pin → pombi. Pisa joini, sveta zvakanaka, wobva wadzokorora papini imwe neimwe.
• Kuchenesa padhi reSMT mushure mekubvisa chip → tambo. Inosiya padhi rakati sandara uye ragadzirira kusanganiswazve.
• Kugadzirisa bhiriji rinosungirirwa pakati pemapini akapfava → Tambo. Isa tambo mhiri kwebhiriji uye shinda yacho inosimudza yakawandisa.
• Gomba risingazobvisike zvizere → pomba kutanga kuti uwane bulk, wobva waisa tambo kuti uwane zvasara zviri mugomba.
• Kubvisa IC ine mapini akawanda kana chinobatanidza zvakanaka → nzvimbo yekudzima moto kana mhepo inopisa, kwete tambo kana pombi chete.

Maitiro anodzokororwa: pombi yekubvisa vhoriyamu nemaburi ekupinda, tambo yekuisa tambo dzakapfava uye mapadhi akatsetseka. Mabasa mazhinji anoshandisa ese ari maviri akatevedzana.

Nzira yekushanda pamwe chete yekushandisa imwe nhengo yakaoma

Zvishandiso zviviri izvi zvinopenya zvakanyanya zvichishandiswa pamwe chete pajoini rimwe chete rakaoma. Ngatitii uri kubvisa capacitor yekare ye electrolytic kubva pabhodhi rine mativi maviri rine gomba rakaputirwa risingazobvisike. Nzira yakavimbika ndeiyi: wedzera solder itsva pajoini kuti uvandudze solder yekare yakasanganiswa, pisa kusvika yanyatsoita mvura, wobva wabatidza pombi kuti ubvise bulk; wobva waisa tambo yakawanda pamusoro pefirimu rasara mugomba wodzvanya iron kuti ubvise zvakasara papombi; pakupedzisira, tarisa gomba pachiedza kuti uone kuti rakavhurika zvizere usati waisa chikamu chitsva. Iyi rhythm yepombi-then-wick inobvisa maburi anokunda chero chishandiso chinoshandiswa chega, uye inonyorova papad pane kurovera joinhi imwe chete kakawanda nenzira imwe chete.

Maitiro ekudzivirira mapedhi akasimudzwa

Kukuvadzwa kukuru kwekubvisa simbi kunogona kudzivirirwa zvachose uye kunobva pane zvimwe zvinhu:

• Wedzera mvura itsva. Zvishandiso zvese zviri zviviri zvinoshanda zviri nani nekuwedzera flux, kunyanya pamajoini ekare kana akasanganiswa - flux inobatsira kuti solder inyungudike uye ifambe zvakanaka kuitira kuti ibude yakachena.
• Tanga wanyatso nyungudutsa solder. Solder ine pasty, yakanyunguduka hafu haizosvete kana kutsvedza zvakanaka, uye kuedza kuidhonza kunogona kubvarura pedhi kana kudonhedza bhodhi.
• Netambo, usadzvanya zvakasimba kana kunonoka. Kupisa kwakanyanya papedhi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekusimudzwa kwemapedhi. Isa chirukwa, chirege chichikwesha, wobva wasimudza nekukurumidza.
• Shanda nekukurumidza. Rega bhodhi ritonhore kwenguva pfupi pakati pekuedza pane kuisa simbi inopisa papedhi kudzivirira kupisa mhangura.
• Fefetedza mweya. Kubvisa utsi hwemvura mumhepo kunounza utsi hunoyerera, pamwe neutsi hwemutobvu kana uchishanda nesimbi inopinza; shanda nemhepo inoyerera kana kubvisa.

Zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa pakubvisa simbi

Kupfuura matekiniki, zvikanganiso zvishoma zvinogara zvichiitika zvinokonzera kukundikana kwakawanda:

• Kushandisa simbi inotonhorera zvakanyanya. Kubvisa simbi muchina wesimbi kunoda simbi inopisa zvishoma uye ine simba rakawanda kupfuura kusungirira, nekuti uri kudziyisazve simbi iripo pamwe chete nechinhu chiri pairi; kupisa kushoma zvinoreva kuti simbi haimbonyungudike zvizere.
• Kurega pombi kana tambo zvichipera. Bharero rakazara nesolder kana rakarukwa rakazara harizonyanyi kuomera — rinocheneswa kana kuchekwa risati rasvika rimwe divi rinotevera.
• Kukanganwa kubuda kweropa pamapfundo "asina kuchena". Kunyangwe kurukwa kwakarukwa kare kunobatsirawo nekukurukwa kwakanyanya pamapfundo akwegura.
• Kuboora chikamu chisati chaburitswa. Kudhonza chikamu chine makumbo akawanda chero chipfundo chichiri chakasimba kunosimudza mapedhi uye kunotsemura mavanga - bvisa chipfundo chimwe nechimwe kutanga.

Nguva yekuenda kunzvimbo yekuparadza

Kuti ugadzirise nguva nenguva kana kubvisa zvikamu zvine mapini akawanda, nzvimbo yekubvisa mapini ine simba inosanganisa muromo une mhute unopisa ne vacuum inoenderera mberi muchishandiso chimwe chete. Unopisa jointi uye vacuum inodhonza solder nemuromo une mhute kamwe chete, saka inobvisa maburi nekukurumidza uye zvinyoro nyoro kupfuura pombi yemaoko, kunyanya kana paine mapini akawanda.

Kana zvisina kukodzera

Kana paine kugadziriswa kweimwe nguva, pombi yemaoko pamwe netambo inoputira zvinhu zvese nemutengo mudiki pane mutengo wechiteshi. Mabhenji mazhinji ane maturusi ese ari maviri emaoko uye anongowedzera chiteshi chine simba kana vhoriyamu yagadziriswazve - kana kuti kubviswa kwezvikamu zvakawanda-zvine mapini akawanda - zvinoratidza pachena kuti mari yacho yaiswa.

Chinyorwa pamusoro pematweezers anodziya neanopisa

Nzvimbo yekudzima magetsi haisiyo yega inogadziriswa nemagetsi. Nzvimbo dzekudzima magetsi dzinoita kuti pave nekupfavisa mhepo inopisa, inova ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekusimudza maQFN, maSMT IC madiki, uye zvikamu zvisina chimiro chakanaka pasina kubata mapini; maTweezers anopisa anobata nekudzoreredza magumo ese echikamu cheSMT chine materminal maviri panguva imwe chete, achibvisa machip resistors nema capacitors kamwe chete. Hapana chimwe chinotsiva wick kana pombi yebasa rekushandisa maburi, asi pamwe chete zvinotenderera bhenji rekushandisa maburi: pombi newick yekubvisa maburi nekuchenesa, mhepo inopisa kana matweezers ekubvisa pamusoro penzvimbo, uye nzvimbo yekudzima magetsi kana zvikamu zvemaburi zvine mapini akawanda zvichiuya kazhinji.

Kana kugadziriswazve kuri kwemugadziri

Kubvisa ma "hand desolder" kwakanakira kugadzirisa kana kushandisa ma "prototypes", asi kugadzirisa ma "BGAs", zvikamu zvakapfava, kana huwandu hwekugadzira zvinoda nzvimbo dzakakwana dze "hot-air" kana "infrared rework stations" uye kuongorora mushure mekugadzirisa. Highleap Electronics inobata kuunganidza, kugadzirisa, uye kutsiviwa kwezvikamu neAOI uye X-ray certification pama "hidden joints" - nzira chaiyo kana kugadzirisa kuri kunze kwezvishandiso zvemaoko kana kana ma "hidden BGA joints" achida kusimbiswa.

Bvunza nezvekugadzira nekugadzirisa →

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Chii chiri nani, tambo inobvisa tambo kana kuti chinokwevera tambo?

Hazvisi zvese — pombi yekuputira maburi nemidziyo yakawanda, tambo yeSMT pads uye kuchenesa kwakatetepa. Vanhu vazhinji vane zvese zviri zviviri uye vanochinja-chinja pakati pazvo mukati mebasa rimwe chete.

Sei tambo yangu yekuputira isingatore solder yangu?

Kazhinji kupisa kana kuyerera kushoma, kana magumo ekurukwa akazara. Wedzera kuyerera, iva nechokwadi chekuti simbi inopisa kurukwa uye inobatana pamwe chete kusvika kwanyatsoita mvura, uye gadzira kurukwa kutsva.

Ndingashandisazve pombi inobvisa mvura here?

Ehe, nekusingaperi — ingoburitsa chinhu chakaunganidzwa wochengeta muromo wacho wakachena uye usina kuvharika. Tambo inodyiwa; cheka mugumo washandiswa painozara.

Ndingadzivirira sei kusimudza mapedhi pandinenge ndichibvisa solder?

Shandisa flux, nyungudutsa chose chinosungirirwa, uye usadzvanya zvakasimba kana kunonoka nesimbi. Bvisa moto kana chinhu chinosungirirwa chapinda muchishandiso.

Ndinoda here kuyerera kana tambo yangu yakatotanga kuyerera?

Kurukwa kwakarukwa kare kunobatsira, asi kurukwa kwakawedzerwa zvishoma kunovandudza mhedzisiro yemajoini ekare kana kuti akaoxidized.

Ndeipi chishandiso chakanakisa chekubvisa IC ine mapini akawanda?

Nzvimbo yekudzima majoini ine simba kana kugadziriswa kwemhepo inopisa — tambo yemaoko kana pombi yega inonetseka kusunungura majoini akawanda panguva imwe chete yakachena.

Simbi yangu inofanira kupisa here kana ichibviswa simbi kupfuura kana ichisungirirwa?

Kazhinji zvishoma, nekuti uri kudziisazve chibatiso chiripo nechinhu chiripo. Kupisa kwakakwana kuti chibatiso chinyungudike nekukurumidza ndiko kunodzivirira padhi - kugara uchipisa zvishoma kunokanganisa zvakanyanya.