Gwaro Rekusarudza Vagadziri vePCB Vane Mativi Maviri

Yakapedzisira kugadziriswa: Chivabvu 2026 · Gwaro remutengi nemugadziri wemabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa ane mativi maviri

PCB ine mativi maviri ( inonziwo bhodhi rine mativi maviri) ine mhangura pamusoro nepasi pe substrate, mativi maviri akabatana nemagetsi nemaburi akaputirwa. Ndiyo mhando yebhodhi inonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi ezuva nezuva nekuti inowedzera kaviri nzvimbo yebhodhi rine mativi maviri uku ichiramba yakachipa uye iri nyore pane multilayer stack. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura kuti bhodhi rine mativi maviri chii, kuti mugadziri anoivaka sei, kuti inokwana sei pakati pe single-sided ne multilayer, uye chii chinoparadzanisa mugadziri wePCB ane mativi maviri akavimbika kubva kune ane njodzi.

Chii chinonzi PCB ine mativi maviri? (Tsananguro yeBhodhi rine mativi maviri)

Tanga ne substrate — kazhinji FR-4 fiberglass laminate yakafukidzwa nepepa rakatetepa remhangura pachiso chega chega. Pabhodhi rine divi rimwe chete, chimwe chete chezviso izvozvo chinotakura circuitry. Pabhodhi rine mativi maviri , zviso zvese zvinonyorwa kuita traces uye pads, uye zvikamu zvinosungirirwa pamwe chete nekuboorera maburi nebhodhi uye kuputira madziro azvo nemhangura. Maburi iwayo akafukidzwa anoita mabasa maviri: anotakura zviratidzo pakati pekumusoro nepasi, uye anoumba mabara ayo maburi anopinda nepakati anopinda nepakati.

Mhando mbiri dzekubatanidza dzinokosha pano. PTH (yakaputirwa gomba rinopinda nepakati pebhodhi) inopinda nepakati pebhodhi. A via igomba rakaputirwa rinoshandiswa chete kufambisa chiratidzo pakati pezvikamu (hapana lead yezvikamu mairi). Pabhodhi rine zvikamu zviviri, ma-via ikubatanidza kuri nyore kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi; ma-via asina kujeka uye akavigwa eHDI designs haadiwi.

PCB ine mativi maviri inogadzirwa sei? (Danho nedanho)

Kufamba kwekugadzira ndiko kunoshandura laminate yakaputirwa kuita bhodhi rakagadzirwa. Maitiro akajairika ane mativi maviri anoita seizvi:

1. Cheka uye boora: laminate inochekwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwepaneru uye inoboorwa neCNC kuti igadzire buri rega rega uye kuburikidza nemakoneti ari mufaira rako rekuboorera.
2. Mhangura isina electro (kubviswa kwemafuta nekuisa musanganiswa): jira remhangura rakatetepa rinoiswa pamusoro pepaneru yese, kusanganisira madziro asina maburi, kuitira kuti maburi agone kuputirwa gare gare. Iri ndiro danho guru rinoita kuti maburi afambiswe.
3. Kutamisirwa kwemufananidzo: muchina wekudzivirira kupisa unonamirwa uye unoonekwa pamifananidzo yako, zvichiratidza kuti mhangura ichasara kupi.
4. Electroplating: mhangura inoputirwa pamadonhwe uye mukati memakomba kusvika paukobvu hwakazara; chinodzivirira simbi chinodzivirira mhangura inodiwa.
5. Svina uye bvisa: mhangura isingadiwe inobviswa uye resist inobviswa, zvichisiya patani yapera kumativi ese.
6. Solder mask: Mask yegirini (kana imwe ruvara) inoiswa yozorapwa, zvichiita kuti mapedhi asaonekwe.
7. Silkscreen: Zviratidzo zvemareferensi, zviratidzo zvepolarity, uye malogo zvinodhindwa.
8. Surface kupera: mhangura yakaratidzwa inoputirwa — HASL, HASL isina mutobvu, ENIG, kana OSP — kuti igare ichikwanisa kusanganiswa.
9. Kuongorora uye bvunzo yemagetsi: bhodhi racho rinoongororwa kana kunyorwa, ipapo kuongororwa kwekuongorora kana kuedzwa kwezvishandiso kunoratidza kuti hapana mabhurugwa akavhurika kana mapfupi asati atumirwa.

PCB ine divi rimwe chete kana divi mbiri kana divi rakawanda

Sei Uchifanira Kushandisa PCB Yakasimwa Mativi Maviri? Zvakanakira Zvikuru

• Imwe nzvimbo yekufambisa: Mapurani maviri emhangura anokubvumira kuyambutsa zviratidzo pamusoro nepasi pechimwe pane kuisa zvese kurutivi rumwe.
• Zvikamu zviri pazviso zvese: Zvikamu zvebhodhi zvinogona kuzadzwa pamusoro nepazasi, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yebhodhi iderere.
• Nzira inoenda kundege yepasi: Kuisa rutivi rumwe pasi kunovandudza nzira dzekudzokera, kunoderedza ruzha, uye kunobatsira EMC — bhenefiti iyo bhodhi rine divi rimwe chete risingakwanise kupa.
• Zvichiri kukwanisika kutenga: Bhodhi rine zvidimbu zviviri rinodhura zvishoma pane rine mativi maviri uye rakachipa kupfuura kushandisa zvidimbu zvina.

Mashandisirwo Akajairika ePCB dzine Mativi Maviri

Nhamba yezvikamu zvekushanda inoenderana nemativi maviri. Dzimba dzakajairika dzinosanganisira mwenje we LED nemadhiraivha, magetsi nema converter, ma industrial controllers nema sensors, IoT nemidziyo ye automation yepamba, zvishandiso zvemotokari, zvishandiso, uye mapurojekiti mazhinji ezvido uye eArduino-class. Kana kumhanya kwechiratidzo chedhizaini, huwandu hwepini, kana ruzha zvichikwira, ndicho chikonzero chekuongorora zvikamu zvina kana kupfuura.

Mazano Ekugadzira PCB Ane Mativi Maviri Ekubatsira Kubudirira Kwakawanda

• Remekedza mitemo yeannular ring uye drill yemugadziri. Mapedhi anoda mhete yemhangura yakakwana yakakomberedza gomba rega rega kuitira kuti kudonha kudiki kwegomba kusakanganise kubatana kwacho.
• Shandisa mvura yekudiridza pasi kune rumwe rutivi woisona nema-vias kuti ipe zviratidzo nzira yakachena uye pfupi yekudzoka.
• Chengeta nzvimbo shoma iri mukati memushandi (kazhinji 6/6 mil kana kuti yakamanikana); usagadzire jira rakakura zvekuti mutengesi wako haakwanise kuricheka zvakanaka.
• Wedzera ma tende kana kuti mavharo chete kana zvichidikanwa, uye dzivisa ma-via ari muma-SMD pads kunze kwekunge azadzwa uye akafukidzwa pamusoro.
• Ipa seti yakakwana yekubuda — Gerber kana ODB++, NC drill, uye bhodhi rekugadzira — uye tarisa mitemo yekugadzira usati waodha.

PCB ine mativi maviri inodhura marii? Zvinokonzera Mitengo

Pabhodhi rine zvidimbu zviviri, zvinhu zvinodhura zvakanyanya ihukuru hwebhodhi nehuwandu, huremu hwemhangura, huwandu uye saizi diki yemaburi akaboorwa, kupedzisa kwepamusoro (HASL yakachipa; ENIG inodhura zvakanyanya asi masolder ari nani papitch yakanaka), sarudzo dzesolder-mask nesilkscreen, uye kirasi yekutsungirira. Nzvimbo yakamanikana, impedance inodzorwa, uye laminates dzekunze zvese zvinowedzera mutengo. Nzira yakachipa ndeyekuchengetedza dhizaini mukati mezvigadziro zvakajairwa uye kuisa paneli zvakanaka zvichienderana nehuwandu hwaunoda chaizvo.

Kupedzisa Pamusoro pePCB dzine mativi maviri (HASL, ENIG, OSP)

Kupera kwepamusoro kunodzivirira mhangura iri pachena uye kunosarudza kuti bhodhi rinosungirirwa zvakanaka sei. Pabhodhi rine zvidimbu zviviri, sarudzo inonyanya kuve yakaenzana nemutengo, nguva yekushanda, uye kuti mapedhi ako akanaka sei.

Mutemo uri nyore: kana bhodhi richishandiswa pamutengo wakaderera uye mapedhi asiri madiki, HASL kana HASL isina lead yakanaka. Kana iine maIC kana maBGA akapfava, kana kuti ichida nzvimbo yakati sandara, inogara kwenguva refu, ENIG inowanzo fanirwa nemutengo wakaderera. OSP inokodzera mabhodhi ane vhoriyamu yakawanda, anotendeuka nekukurumidza akagadzirwa nguva pfupi mushure mekugadzirwa.

Zvekutaura Paunenge Uchiraira PCB Yakasiiwa Nemativi Maviri

Chinyorwa chakajeka chekugadzira chinodzivirira kufungidzira kusina kururama. Kana uchida bhodhi rine mativi maviri, udza mugadziri kuti:

Maitiro Ekusarudza Mugadziri wePCB Ane Mativi Maviri

Mutengesi ane mativi maviri anokwanisa zviri nyore kutora seasingakoshi, asi mhando yemaburi akaputirwa, kunyoreswa pakati pemativi maviri, kurongeka kwemask, uye kuyedzwa kwemagetsi zvese zvinosarudza kana bhodhi richishanda kekutanga. Tsvaga kugona kwakajeka kwakabudiswa, ongororo yeinjiniya usati wavaka, kuyedzwa kwemagetsi pabhodhi rega rega, uye kutaurirana kwehunyanzvi kunopindura.

Highleap Electronics (yakatangwa muna 2002) inogadzira mabhodhi ane mativi maviri sechikamu chemhando yekugadzira inosvika 60-layer HDI uye rigid-flex — zvinoreva kuti odha iri nyore ine mativi maviri inobatwa neplating yakafanana, registration, uye bvunzo inoshandiswa pabasa rakaoma zvikuru:

• Kugadzirwa kwePCB yemabhodhi ega, maviri, uye akawanda ane bvunzo yemagetsi seyakajairwa.
• FR-4 mapuranga uye machira epurasitiki akakosha epasi pevhu aunoda.
• Ongororo yeDFM yemahara kubata matambudziko e annular-ring, drill, uye clearance vasati vasvika pamutsetse.
• Nzira yekuyera: kana muenzaniso we2-layer uchizoda gare gare HDI or rigid-flex, mutengesi mumwe chete iyeye anogona kuivaka.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve Mugadziri wePCB Ane Mativi Maviri

Chii chinonzi PCB ine mativi maviri?

Bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rine circuit yemhangura kumativi ese e substrate, rakabatana nebhodhi nemaburi akaputirwa. Rinonziwo bhodhi rine zvidimbu zviviri.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemachira maviri neakaita mativi maviri?

Zvinoreva chinhu chimwe chete mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva: zvidimbu zviviri zvemhangura, pamusoro nepazasi. "Kuverengwa kwezvikamu" zvinongoverenga zvidimbu zvemhangura zvinofambisa mhepo.

Ndinofanira kuchinja rini kubva pabhodhi rine mativi maviri kuenda pabhodhi rine mativi mana?

Kana imba yekufambisa ma routing yapera, unoda nzvimbo yepasi nemagetsi kuti masaini arambe achishanda, kana kuti uri kushanda nemasaini ekumhanya kwepamusoro kana RF anoda impedance inodzorwa.

Mabhodhi ane mativi maviri anodhura here kupfuura ane mativi rimwe chete?

Zvishoma, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemifananidzo, plating, uye through-hole plating step — asi zvishoma pane kusvetukira kune multilayer. Kune zvigadzirwa zvakawanda, kugona kwakawedzerwa kwakakodzera musiyano mudiki wemutengo.

Zvikamu zvinogona kuiswa kumativi ese ari maviri here?

Ehe. Zvikamu zvinosungirirwa pamusoro zvinogona kuzadza mativi ese ari maviri, chinova chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekusarudza bhodhi rine mativi maviri. Kubatanidzwa kunongofambisa divi rechipiri kuburikidza nekudzoka kwemvura zvakare.

Mafaira api anodiwa nemugadziri kuti avake PCB ine mativi maviri?

Mifananidzo yeGerber (RS-274X/X2) kana ODB++ yemachira emhangura, mask yekusolder uye silkscreen layers, faira rekuboorera reNC, uye bhodhi. Tumira tsamba yekugadzirwa kwayo kuti uone kupedzisa, huremu hwemhangura, uye kushivirira kwayo.