Hardware Circuit Design Mazano

Hardware Circuit Design Zvinodiwa Kuongorora

Usati watanga chero purojekiti yechigadzirwa, zvakakosha kuti uongorore chigadzirwa kuti uone kumira kwacho uye zvikamu zvekushanda. Ongororo iyi inobatsira mukunatsa uye kurongedza zvinodiwa, zvichitungamira kune rondedzero yezvinodiwa inoshanda sehwaro hwechigadzirwa dhizaini uye kupatsanurwa kwebasa.

Kana rondedzero yezvinodiwa yajekeswa, mainjiniya anofanirwa kusarudza kuti ndeapi mabasa achaitwa muhardware uye ndeipi musoftware. Izvo zvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvehardware zvinobva zvakwenenzverwa kutsanangura masekete anozoshandisa aya mabasa.

Zvinodiwa kuongororwa uye kunatsiridza zviri pakati peiyo Hardware dhizaini dhizaini, sezvo ese maseketi ehardware akagadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa izvi. Ongororo iyi inojekesa kusarudzwa kwezvigadziriso zvehardware, uye panguva iyi, mhinduro yehardware inogona kutsanangurwa.

Hardware Circuit Solution Sarudzo

Kana mhinduro dzakawanda dzichigona kuita basa rimwe chete, kuenzanisa uye kuongororwa kwemhinduro idzi kunodiwa:

• Musiyano wemutengo kuenzanisa kwemhinduro: Izvi zvinosanganisira kuenzanisa mutengo wezvinhu, mutengo weR&D, mutengo wekushandisa anowirirana maseketi, uye mutengo wekugadzirisa.
• Kukura kwekuenzanisa kwemhinduro: Kusarudza pakati pezvigadziriso zvitsva uye zvevakuru kwakakosha, kunyanya kana zvirongwa zvepurojekiti zvakaoma.
• Performance zvakanakira kuenzanisa mhinduro: Kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi maitiro ekuita kutarisa kwakakosha kuratidza zvakanakira chigadzirwa uye kutarisa pane zvakakosha zviratidzo.
• Zvimwe zvinotsigira zvemhinduro: Kuti zvigadziriswe zvinoenderana nevanotengesera, kushanda pamwe nevatengesi kunofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza mhinduro.

Kusarudzwa kwemhinduro kunokanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira hardware. Kune zvigadzirwa zvine mabasa matsva, kusarudza zvigadziriso zvechigadzirwa zvinogona kureva prototypes ezvigadzirwa zvakafanana pamusika, kuchengetedza nguva uye kubatsira kuwana inoenderana makura mhinduro nenzira kwayo.

Hardware Circuit Dhizaini Schematic

Iyo hardware yedunhu dhizaini schematic inoronga iyo logic yedunhu. Kuburikidza nechirongwa ichi, iyo pfungwa yechigadzirwa, kuyerera kwechiratidzo, uye inoshanda bhodhi yekubatanidza inogona kuongororwa zvakadzama.

Kune mapurojekiti akaomarara, dhizaini yedhizaini yakakosha. Inobvumira kutarisa kwekushayikwa kwechigadzirwa mabasa, kuyerera kwechiratidzo kwakaringana, uye sarudzo inonzwisisika. Pamusoro pezvo, inoisa hwaro hwekugadzira dhizaini, kuve nechokwadi chekunzwisisa kwakajeka panguva yekugadzira maitiro.

Simba remuti dhizaini, isingaoneki schematic mudunhu, yakakoshawo. Matambudziko mazhinji anomuka kubva mukusakwana dhizaini miganho yemagetsi ekupa, zvichitungamira kune isina kujairika magetsi. Kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa zvesimba zvemodule yega yega, kuzvipfupikisa, uye kuzvigadzira zvakazara kwakakosha.

Schematic uye PCB Dhizaini yeHardware Circuits

Schematic dhizaini ndiyo hwaro uye kiyi yeiyo yese hardware chigadzirwa dhizaini. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekurongeka kwedhizaini yedhizaini, mapoinzi anotevera anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi:

• Kusarudzika kwekudhirowa kwechirongwa: Paunenge uchidhirowa zviratidzo zvezvishandiso zvitsva, zvinofanirwa kudhonzwa zvinoenderana nedunhu rekushandisa, uye hazvikurudzirwe kuzvironga zvinoenderana nePIN kutevedzana. Zvinokurudzirwa kurongedza ma modules muchiratidzo panguva yekudhirowa, kuitira kuti kuyerera kwechiratidzo kuve kwakajeka pakudhirowa schematic.
• Kumisikidzwa kwe schematic network mazita: Schematic siginecha yetiweki zita inoda kumiswa. Semuenzaniso, iyo module yemagetsi inoratidza magetsi ekupa magetsi, uye chiratidzo chekudzora chinoratidza kutungamira kwekuyerera kwechiratidzo.
• Kuzviongorora uye mutual cheki yezvirongwa: Mushure mekupedza schematic, zvitarise wega kutanga:
  • Tarisa network yekubatanidza kuti uone kana paine single-point network, network inodonha, nezvimwe.
  • Kunyangwe dhizaini yedhizaini inosangana nezvinodiwa nedhizaini, senge ikozvino-inotakura voltage yevanopikisa, capacitors, uye inductors inosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
  • Tarisa dhizaini yedhizaini, kureva kuti, zita retiweki rakamisikidzwa uye kana chiratidzo chekuyerera chakanyorwa nemazvo.
  • Tarisa zvimwe zvikanganiso zvakakosha, senge network yekubatanidza kukanganisa, kushaikwa kwekubatanidza, zvisipo, nezvimwe.
  • Schematic mutual cheki: Bvunza vamwe mainjiniya kuti vabatsirwe mukutarisa, nekuti kufunga kwemunhu wese kwakaganhurirwa, uye kuburikidza nevamwe, unogona kuwana matambudziko ausingakwanise kuzviwana iwe, uye iwe unogona zvakare kuwana yako wega zvikanganiso zvekuziva.

Iko kurongeka kwechirongwa kunoenderana zvakanyanya neanodhirowa, uye mugadziri zvakare ndiye ane mutoro bato. Hechino chiitiko chakanaka chandinofunga ndechekudzokorora schematic kakawanda. Kazhinji zvinogoneka kuwana zvikanganiso zvakawanda kana zvisiri-yakajairwa dhizaini izvo zvisingawanikwe neimwe nzira nekudzokorora schematic kanopfuura katatu. Kuverenga bhuku kane zana ndiyo revo yaro, uye iyi ndiyo nheyo imwe cheteyo.

Hardware Circuit Engineer Zvakaitika Kugovera

Dhizaini yePCB ndiyo nzira yekugadzirwa kwemidziyo yehardware uye ndiyo inotakura michina yehardware. Mushure mekugadzirwa nekugadzirisa, PCBA inozopedzisira yabatanidzwa nechimiro chechigadzirwa. Mazano ayo ekugadzira uye nzira dzinosanganisira:

• PCB dhizaini inoda kunyatsoongorora chimiro
• PCB dhizaini inoda mufananidzo mukuru

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, PCB dhizaini inotenderera neCPU musimboti, uye mune zvakanyanya kuomarara zviitiko, kune maviri maviri cores, imwe ichive musimboti mukuru uye imwe ichive yechipiri musimboti. Mamwe masekete ari pabhodhi anogona kunzi peripheral circuit yeCPU iyi. Kune matunhu epamhepo kuti ave nechokwadi chediki system peripheral circuit yeCPU, peripheral circuits yekuwedzera basa, uye peripheral circuits for mutual communication, etc. Chete nekunzwisisa mafomu edunhu, mabasa edunhu, uye kuwanda kwePCB routing pakati pemamodules unogona iva nekunzwisisa kwakajeka kwePCB marongerwo, iyo yandinodaidza iyo hombe yemufananidzo.

Mazhinji mainjiniya achangotanga muPCB dhizaini kazhinji haana nzwisiso yekutanga yekugoverwa kwePCB maseketi, mafomu edunhu, uye iyo yese yedunhu sisitimu. Vanofunga kuti chero zvinhu zvese zvemagetsi zvakaiswa paPCB board uye mitsetse yakabatana, zvese zvichave zvakanaka. Zviri pachena kuti mafungiro akadai haana kururama. Kune mabhodhi akareruka, kurapwa kwakadaro hakugone kukonzera matambudziko.

Zvisinei, kumapuranga akaoma ane zvikamu zvakawanda, nzira iyi inozopedzisira yatungamirira kumatambudziko. Iwe uchaona kuti pasina kunaka kwese kwese, iyo PCB routing ichakanganisika, zvikamu zvinoda kuiswa padhuze hazvigone kuiswa pamwechete nekuda kwekusanzwisisika kwekushandisa nzvimbo, uye hazvigone kuiswa pakupedzisira. Izvi zvinotungamira kumatambudziko senge ganda rechimiro kusakwanisa kugarisa zvikamu zvePCB, izvo zvinozoita kuti mainjiniya ehardware abvise maseketi.

Kana kuti zvikamu zvinogona kuiswa mugoko, asi nzira haigone kupedzwa, saka mitemo yenzira inofanirwa kubayirwa, uye mitsetse yakakora yepakutanga inofanira kuchinjwa kuita mitsetse mitete, zvichiita kuti pasave nekukwana ikozvino kuti PCB ipfuure; kusakwana kwakakwana pakati pemitsara yezviratidzo zvinonzwisisika, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwechiratidzo pakati pezviratidzo; zvikamu zvakawandisa, zvichikonzera kukanganisa, kuderedzwa otomatiki yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa mashandiro, kuomerwa mukugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zvakare, uye mamwe matambudziko.

Pakupedzisira, magetsi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi uye hardware zviratidzo zvechigadzirwa hazvigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, uye mari yekugadzira nekugadzirisa kwebhodhi yakakwirira kudarika mari yepakutanga.

Muchidimbu, dhizaini yePCB inoda kurongeka kwezvikamu uye waya dzinofunga zvizere nezvezvinodiwa zvekushanda, kuenderana kwemagetsi, kugadzirwa, uye kugadziriswa, nezvimwewo, uye zvakare dzinofunga nezvekugadzirisa nekusimudzira kwakazoitwa gare gare, kuitira kuti dunhu rigone kugadzirwa kuti rive rakanaka, nyore kugadzira nekugadzirisa, uye nyore kugadzirisa nekuvandudza.

Kuti uwane ongororo yakakwana yekugadzira, shandisa chinyorwa chino pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekudzivirira kwe overcurrent uye controlled impedance PCB pakutarisa zvinodiwa zve stackup, assembly, kana bvunzo.