Maitiro Ekuchenesa Bhodhi reDunhu Pasina Doro

Yakagadziridzwa kekupedzisira: Chivabvu 2026 · Gwaro rekuchenesa rinoshanda, rekuchengetedza-kutanga revashandi vekugadzira, vagadziri, uye mainjiniya emidziyo

Unogona kuchenesa bhodhi redunhu usina isopropyl alcohol, asi nzira chaiyo inoenderana nezvauri kuedza kubvisa - flux residue, guruva, mafuta eminwe, munyu nehunyoro, kana ngura yebhatiri zvese zvinopindura kurapwa kwakasiyana. Zvinhu zviviri zvakachengeteka zvinoshandiswa zvinotsiva mvura yakasanganiswa kana kuti deionized (yemvura inonyunguduka uye tsvina inofambisa mvura) uye electronics/flux cleaner yakagadzirwa nechinangwa . Kana ngura unotanga wabvisa tsvina, wozosuka nemvura yakasanganiswa woomesa zvachose. Mutemo mumwe chete usingachinji: kudzima, kubvisa bhatiri, kusamboshandisa mvura yepombi sesusunuro yekupedzisira, uye rega bhodhi iome zvizere usati washandisa simba zvakare.

Sei Uchifanira Kuchenesa Bhodhi reDunhu Pasina Doro?

Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), inonyanya kuchena ne90%, ndiyo solvent inoshandiswa muindasitiri yekuchenesa maoko nekuti inonyungudutsa rosin flux, inopwa nekukurumidza, uye haisiyi tsvina inokonzera kuyerera kwemvura. Saka sei uchitsvaga imwe nzira? Zvikonzero zvakajairika zvinoshanda kwete zvehunyanzvi:

• Hazvisipo — "Doro rekunwa doro" muchitoro chemishonga rinowanzo kuve 70% chete, rakasanganiswa nemvura nezvimwe zvinosara zvasara, saka vanhu vanotsvaga chimwe chinhu chiri nani mukabati.
• Kupisa uye kufefetedza — Utsi hweIPA hunobvira, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzebasa kana mitemo yekutumira zvinhu inohurambidza.
• Kunzwisisa zvinhu — zvinonyungudutsa zvine simba guru zvinogona kudzima mamwe mapurasitiki akajeka, kupfavisa mamwe machira e conformal, kana kusimudza zviratidzo zveinki.
• Zvasara hazvisi rosin — IPA isarudzo isina kunaka yemvura inonyunguduka (organic-acid) flux uye yekusvibiswa kwemunyu weionic, uko kuchenesa nemvura kunoshanda zviri nani.

Kuziva chikonzero chacho kunokosha, nekuti kunokuratidza chimwe chinhu chakakodzera. "Handina IPA" kunounza mhinduro yakasiyana neyokuti "Ndinofanira kubvisa ngura yegirini."

Chii Chauri Kubvisa? (Kubuda, Guruva, Kuora)

Kuchenesa bhodhi harisi basa rimwe chete. Kuenzanisa tsvina nenzira yacho uye uchawana mhedzisiro yakachena uye yakavimbika pasina doro.

Nzira 6 dzekuchenesa bhodhi redunhu pasina doro

Nzira 1: Mvura Yakanyungudutswa kana Yakabviswa Maion

Mvura inochenesa mapuranga zvinobudirira kana zvasara zvanyungudika mumvura - izvo zvinofukidza organic-acid (OA) flux, dikita, munyu, uye tsvina yakawanda iri munzvimbo. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuchena. Mvura yepombi haifanirwe kunge iri yekusukwa kwekupedzisira , nekuti zvicherwa zvakanyungudika zvinooma kuita firimu rakatetepa, rinofambisa mvura risingashande. Shandisa mvura yakasanganiswa kana yakabviswa ion, iyo inosiya pasina kana chinhu kana yapwa.

Nzira yekuzviita sei

• Nyorovesa swab isina lint kana bhurashi rakapfava nemvura yakasanganiswa wobva washandisa nzvimbo yakasviba zvinyoro nyoro; usazadza zvinobatanidza kana kuvhura zvikamu zvemagetsi.
• Kuti unyatso shanda zvakanaka pabhodhi rakabviswa simba, unogona kusuka bhodhi risina chinhu nemvura yakasanganiswa, pamwe nedonhwe resoda isina isopropyl-free electronics-safe detergent (saponifier), wozosuka bhodhi rakachena rakasanganiswa nemvura yakasanganiswa.
• Fukidza mvura yakamira nemhepo yakamanikidzwa, wozoomesa (ona chikamu chekuomesa) chero bedzi zvichitora nguva — kutsungirira pano kunodzivirira ngura.

Mvura inodziya yakasanganiswa (isiri inopisa) inosunungura kuyerera nekukurumidza. Dzivisa mvura zvachose pamamodules ane marelay asina kuvharwa, maencoder emakanika, mabuzzers, kana mapepa/ma electrolytic labels anogona kusvina hunyoro.

Nzira yechipiri: Spray yekuchenesa midziyo yemagetsi isiri doro

Kana uchida kuti chinhu chinopfapfaidza uye chinopfapfaidza chisina doro chive nyore, tenga chinobvisa flux kana "electronic contact cleaner" chakagadzirirwa basa racho. Zvakawanda hazvibati uye zvakagadzirwa kuti zvive zvakachengeteka pamapurasitiki akajairika uye machira e conformal - asi kuenderana kunosiyana zvichienderana nechigadzirwa, saka verenga label woedza panzvimbo isingaonekwe kutanga.

• Mushonga wekubvisa flux inonyungudutsa rosin uye zvasara zvisina kuchena, yobva yadzima; yakakodzera kugadziriswazve nzvimbo dzakatenderedza joini ichangobva kusungirirwa.
• Bata cleaner zvinobatanidza zvinhu, maswichi, uye mapotentiometer, zvichisiya zvisaririra zvishoma kana kuti pasina.
• Isa zvishoma pamwe chete netsvina, zungunusa nebhurashi rakapfava, worega richipwanyika munzvimbo ine mhepo.

Nzira 3: Maitiro Ekuchenesa Kuora Kwebhatiri kubva paPCB

Kubuda kwemvura mubhatiri idambudziko remakemikari, kwete dambudziko retsvina chete, saka chinangwa ndechekuita kuti mvura isatsve usati wageza. Enzanisa ne neutralizer nerudzi rwekubuda kwemvura:

• Masero eAlkaline (yakajairika AA/AAA) inodonhedza mvura kubva muzvisaririra zvealkaline. Isa mvura iyi muchikamu chemvura. asidhi yakapfava — donje rakanyoroveswa nevhiniga chena kana muto weremoni — kusvika ngura yamira.
• Maelectrolyte ane acidic hazvina simba ne paste yekubikira-soda (sodium bicarbonate + mvura shoma) yakanyudzwa pamusoro pengura.

Mushure mekunyorovesa, simudza zvinyoro nyoro maburi akareruka nebhurashi rakapfava, wozosuka nzvimbo yacho nemvura yakacheneswa kuti ubvise zvese zvakasara zveacid/base nemunyu, wozoomesa zvakanaka. Mapedhi kana zvisaririra zvisina kunaka zvinogona kuda kuongororwa nekugadzirisa mushure mezvo — kunyorovesa kunomisa kukuvara, hakugadzirise mhangura yakarasika.

Nzira 4–6: Kuchenesa Kwakaoma, Kwemakanika, uye KwemaUltrasonic

Mhepo yakamanikidzwa uye mabhurashi akapfava

Kune guruva, marara, uye marara akasununguka — chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pakuchenesa bhodhi — hapana mvura inodiwa zvachose. Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inoputika pamwe chete nemafeni akapfava, mafeni anodzima simbi, uye mapanga emvura. Chengeta gaba rakamira kuti usapfapfaidza mvura inoyerera, uye bata mafeni anotenderera akamira kuti asafambiswe zvakanyanya.

Kugadziriswa kwemuchina

Peni yekukwenya yefiberglass kana chirauro chakapfava chinogona kusimudza chiedza kubva paminwe yegoridhe inosanganisa madziro uye pakubata bhatiri. Shanda zvinyoro nyoro wobvisa marara; kukwenya kwakanyanya kunobvisa jira.

Ultrasonic kuchenesa

Pamabhodhi kana mabhechi akasviba zvakanyanya, bhavhu re ultrasonic rine mvura yakakodzera rinobvisa kusvibiswa munzvimbo dzisingakwanise kusvika bhurashi. Rine simba, saka bvisa kana kudzivirira zvinhu zvisina kusimba (zvimwe zvikamu zveMEMS, vhura ma relay, zvinamira, mabhatiri) uye gara uchipedzisa nekusuka tsvina wozoomesa zvachose.

Maitiro Ekuchenesa Bhodhi reDunhu Pasina Doro: Nhanho Nenhanho

1. Bvisa simba. Bvisa mudziyo wobvisa bhatiri kana sero rekuchengetedza. Simbisa kuti hapana ma capacitor akachajwa ari pamabhodhi ane voltage yepamusoro.
2. Chenesai netsvina kutanga. Fukidza guruva nemhepo yakamanikidzwa wosunungura marara nebhurashi rakapfava.
3. Ziva zvasara. Flux? Firimu remunyu here? Kuora here? Sarudza nzira yekufananidza kubva pamatafura ari pamusoro.
4. Chenesa nzvimbo yaunoda. Shandisa mvura yakasanganiswa, mushonga wekuchenesa usingashandisi doro, kana mushonga wekuregedza kunwa doro wakakodzera — shandisa swab kana bhurasho rakapfava, kwete kuzara nemvura.
5. Sukurudza. Pedzisa nekusukurudza nemvura yakasanganiswa kuitira kuti pasave nemaminerari, acid, base, kana munyu zvinosara.
6. Dry zvachose. Mhepo yakamanikidzwa kubvisa madonhwe akamira, wozoomesa nemhepo, kana kushandisa mhepo inodziya zvinyoro nyoro (ovheni yakaderera pa ~50–60 °C / ~120–140 °F, kana nzvimbo inodziya) uye inonwisa mvura yaunoda. Ipe maawa, kwete maminetsi; hunyoro hwakavharirwa pasi pemachipisi ndicho chikonzero che "Ndakaichenesa asi ikozvino haichabati."
7. Ongorora, wobva wabatidza. Simbisa kuti bhodhi rakaoma zvakakwana uye harina zvisaririra usati wabatanidza magetsi zvakare.

Zvausingafaniri Kushandisa Kuchenesa Bhodhi reDunhu

• Pombi kana mvura ine mineral sukurudza kekupedzisira — inosiya firimu rezvicherwa zvinofambisa mhepo.
• Acetone kana pendi zvinoderedza kupenya — zvinonyungudutsa mapurasitiki, inki yesiriki, zvikamu zvemuviri, uye mamwe machira.
• Mushonga wekubvisa flux yemvura unoshanda se "aggressive acid" — inoparadza uye inofambisa mhepo paPCB.
• Mishonga yekuchenesa bleach kana ammonia yemumba — inoparadza kuita mhangura uye inosiya zvasara zve ionic.
• Kubatidza simba kana kwanyorova — ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa kuparadzwa kwebhodhi rakacheneswa.

Mafekitori Anochenesa Sei PCB Pachikero?

Kugadzirwa kwemuchina hakuwanzo shandiswa pakupukuta nemaoko nedoro. Kusarudzwa kwemuchina wekuchenesa kunotungamira maitiro ekuchenesa kubva pakutanga. Makemikari asina kuchena anogadzirwa kuitira kuti zvasara zvawo zvigone kusiyiwa panzvimbo kana zvikaramba zviri mukati memiganhu yekuchenesa kweIPC. Maflux anonyungudika mumvura anosanganiswa newash yemvura inodziya - mvura inopisa yakabviswa maion, kazhinji nesaponifier, inoteverwa neDI supply uye kuomeswa nemhepo - uye zvinozoongororwa kuti ionic cleanse. Ndosaka "ndinofanira kuichenesa here?" chiri chisarudzo chekugadzira chinoitwa kana flux uye maitiro zvasarudzwa, kwete kufunga nezvekupedzisira.

Kana kuchena kwakakosha — high-impedance analog front ends, high-voltage spacing, RF, kana chero chinhu chakagadzirirwa conformal-coated assembly — zvasara zvinofanirwa kudzorwa zvisati zvaiswa pendi, nekuti kusvibiswa kwakavharwa pasi pependi hakugone kucheneswa gare gare.

Kuchena kwePCB uye Highleap

Highleap Electronics ikambani yePCB nePCBA iri kuChina iyo inoona kuchena kwemuchina mushure mekutengeswa senzira yekudzora maitiro kwete senzira yekushongedza. Kune makambani anotumira zvinhu kuUnited States, Europe, neAsia-Pacific, zvinoreva kuti mhuri yekufambisa, nzira yekugeza, uye zvinodiwa zvekuongorora zvinobvumiranwa vasati vagadzira:

• Pcb gungano nemaitiro asina kuchena kana anonyunguduka mumvura akasarudzwa kuti aenderane nekuchena kwako uye zvinodiwa zvekuvimbika.
• Kuongorora kwakadzama kusanganisira AOI uye, kana zvakakodzera, kuchena kunoongororwa usati wapfeka zvipfeko zve conformal.
• DFM wongororo iyo inotarisa nzvimbo, kupedzisa, uye zvinodiwa zvekuputira zvinoenderana nekuchenesa.
• Magwaro akajeka enzira dzekuita uye kirasi yekugamuchira (IPC-A-610) kuitira kuti zvikwata zvekunze kwenyika zvizive chaizvo kuti mabhodhi akapedzwa sei.

Kuchenesa Bhodhi reDunhu Pasina Doro: Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa yekuchenesa PCB isina doro?

Pamvura inonyunguduka, munyu, uye tsvina, mvura yakasanganiswa kana kuti yakabviswa maion ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka yekutsiva. Pamvura inonyunguduka uye isina kuchena, mushonga unobvisa maflux usina doro unoshanda zvakanyanya. Hapana "chinhu chimwe chete chinochenesa zvinhu zvese" - chienzanise nechinhu chinosvibisa.

Ndingashandisa vhiniga kuchenesa bhodhi remagetsi here?

Vhiniga (dilute acetic acid) inobatsira zvikuru pakuderedza ngura yebhatiri realkaline uye oxidation yechiedza, asi inosiya acidic, inofambisa mvura zvishoma. Gara uchiitevera nekusuka nemvura yakasanganiswa woomesa bhodhi zvachose. Ichinhu chakanangwa, kwete chekuchenesa chakajairika.

Mvura yakanyungudutswa yakachengeteka here pamagetsi?

Ehe, pabhodhi risina simba. Mvura yakachena yakasanganiswa kana kuti yakabviswa maion haifambisi mvura zvine musoro uye inopwa isina zvasara. Ngozi haisi mvura pachayo - iri kushandisa simba bhodhi risati raoma zvachose, kana kushandisa mvura yepombi ine mamineral inosiya firimu rinofambisa mvura.

Bhodhi rinofanira kuoma kwenguva yakareba sei ndisati ndaribatidza?

Kusvikira wava nechokwadi chekuti hapana hunyoro hwakavharirwa pasi pezvinhu zvacho — kazhinji kwemaawa akati wandei ekuomeswa nemhepo, kana inenge awa imwe chete nemhepo inodziya zvinyoro nyoro (inenge 50–60 °C). MaIC makuru, maBGA, uye zvinongedzo zvinochengeta hunyoro kwenguva refu, saka usanonoka kutora nguva yakawanda.

Kuchenesa bhodhi nemvura kunokonzera ngura here kana kuti ngura?

Hazvidi kana ukashandisa mvura yakachena woiomesa zvakanaka. Ngura inobva mumarara eionic asara (munyu, flux activators, neutralizer) pamwe chete nehunyoro hwakavharirwa. Kusukurudza nemvura yakachena yakasanganiswa nemvura pamwe nekuomesa zvakakwana kunobvisa matambudziko ese ari maviri.

Ndinofanira kubvisa bhatiri pakutanga here?

Ehe. Kuchenesa bhodhi rinobuda pamoto kunogona kukanganisa madonhwe emvura inosuka uye kukushamisa pazvikamu zvine simba guru. Bvisa bhatiri wobvisa simba remagetsi usati wabata bhodhi.

Fekitori yangu inoshandisa nzira yekuti "haina kucheneswa" - bhodhi richiri kuda kucheneswa here?

Kazhinji hazvishandiswe, nekuti marara asina kuchena akagadzirwa kuti asafambise zvinhu uye asaparadze kana akasiyiwa munzvimbo mukati memiganhu yeIPC. Kuchenesa kuchiri kuitwa kana marara acho achikanganisa kuongororwa kwekuyedzwa, achiratidzika seasingagamuchirwi nemutengi, kana bhodhi richinge rakaputirwa uye richida nzvimbo inodzorwa kutanga.