Maitiro Ekutengesa Magetsi Emagetsi: Gwaro Renhanho Nenhanho Kubva Pakubatana Kwekutanga kuenda kuSMT

Kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira: Chivabvu 2026 · Nzira yakakwana yekushanda nesimba kune vanotanga

Kudzidza kusanganisa magetsi kunobva pane imwe tsika - kupisa jointi kuitira kuti jointi inyungudise solder - pamwe nekutevera kwakajeka kwaunodzokorora kusvika yava ndangariro yetsandanyama. Gwaro iri ndiro maitiro ekushanda nesimba: maitiro ekugadzirisa nzvimbo yako yekushandira, kupisa nekuisa simbi muchina, kugadzira jointi yakachena nhanho nhanho, kuongorora nekucheka, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvishanu zvinoitwa nemunhu wese, kusunungura jointi kana wakanganisa, wobva waenderera mberi nekuisa pamusoro pechinhu. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuita - zviito chaizvo, nenzira chaiyo, zvinogadzira majointi akavimbika.

Kugadziriswa kwemidziyo nenzvimbo yekushandira

Kubatanidza zvakanaka kunotanga simbi isati yatopisa. Zvigadzirire zvakanaka uye zvimwe zvese zvinova nyore.

Nzvimbo yebasa

Shanda panzvimbo isingapise kupisa ine mhepo yakanaka — hwindo rakavhurika kana chinobvisa fume, kwete sarudzo. Shandisa vise kana "maoko ekubatsira" kuitira kuti maoko ako ese ari maviri asununguke: rimwe resimbi, rimwe resolder. Chengeta brass wool kana chipanji chakanyorova chiri pedyo kuti uchenese muromo uri pakati pemajoini. Bvisa zvinhu zvisina kurongeka kuitira kuti simbi inopisa isawire pane chimwe chinhu chaisingafaniri.

Zvishandiso zvaunoda

• Simbi inodzorwa nekupisa — yakaiswa pa ~300–350 °C kuti pave ne lead solder; tembiricha yakadzikama ndiyo inoita kuti majoini agare akafanana.
• Waya inosundwa neRosin-core — 0.6–0.8 mm ine lead 63/37 kana 60/40 yekudzidza; isina lead kana RoHS ichishanda.
• yerera — kuwedzera kwemvura kunopfuura nepakati pewaya kunovandudza mhedzisiro, kunyanya pakugadzirisa.
• Side cutters — yekucheka tambo mushure mekunamira.
• Kuchengetedzwa kweziso — tambo dzakachekwa dzinobhururuka uye mvura inogona kubuda.

Imwe tsika yekudzivirira kushungurudzika

Usati watanga kushandisa joinhi yako yekutanga, iva nechokwadi chekuti bhodhi rakabatwa zvakasimba uye kuti solder iri pedyo neruoko rwako rusiri rwesimbi. Vatangi vazhinji vanotsvaga simbi kubva pakuedza kubata bhodhi, simbi, uye solder zvese panguva imwe chete. Bvisa maoko ese ari maviri uye nzira iri pazasi inova nyore.

Kupisa nekuisa simbi musimbi

Chinhu chekutanga chaunoita pamusangano wega wega, uye kakawanda panguva yacho, kukanda muromo wemuromo. Kusvetuka ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chematambudziko ekutanga.

Maitiro ekuisa tin tip

Isa simbi patembiricha, wobva wanyungudutsa simbi yacho zvakananga pamuromo wopukuta yakawandisa pamvere dzemhangura (kana chipanji chakanyorova). Izvi zvinosiya muromo wacho wakajeka uye wakachena. Musoro wakachena, wakabikwa mugaba unopinza kupisa zvinobudirira mujoini; muromo usina kusimba, wakasanganiswa neoxidized haunyanyi kupisa zvachose, ndosaka vanotanga vane muromo mutema vachigumisa — zvisizvo — kuti simbi yavo “haizonyungudike.”

Kuchengeta muromo wakabikwa mugaba

Dzorerazve chero nguva muromo wacho uchiratidzika kunge usina kujeka kana kuti wachinja ruvara panguva yekushanda kwako, kwete pakutanga chete. Kupukuta nekukurumidza uye kudonhedza solder itsva kunotora masekondi maviri uye kunoita kuti majoini ese arambe akafanana. Paunopedza, siya chidimbu chesolder pamuromo kuti chidzivirire kubva mukuora kweganda panguva yekutonhora - chichenese nguva inotevera usati washandisa.

Kutevedzana kwepakati pesimbi, nhanho nenhanho

Kutevedzana uku kwematanho mana ndiko kunonyanya kukosha kwekusanganisa maburi. Dzokorora kusvika zvaita otomatiki.

Danho 1 — Isa chikamu chacho

Sunda tambo dzechikamu chegomba rinopinda nepakati pemaburi ari pamusoro pebhodhi. Peta tambo dzesimbi zvishoma nekunze kumashure paanenge madhigirii makumi mana nemashanu kuitira kuti chikamu chisadonhe kana watenderedza bhodhi kuti rive solder. Izvi zvinobata chikamu chacho panzvimbo yacho uye zvinosunungura maoko ako ese kuti aise simbi nesolder.

Danho rechipiri — Pisai joini, kwete solder

Uku ndiko kufamba kunonyanya kukosha mukusanganisa zvinhu. Bata simbi kuti ibate pedhi remhangura nechinhu chinoibatanidza panguva imwe chete. Bata kwesekondi imwe kusvika mbiri kuti zvese zvisvike pakupisa. Uri kupisa simbi kuitira kuti simbi inyungudike — kwete zvakasiyana. Kana ukanyungudutsa simbi pasimbi woisanganisa, unowana simbi inotonhora.

Danho rechitatu — Isa chinhu chinosungirirwa mujoini

Iron ichiri pajointi, bata waya yekusonesa pajointi pachayo — parutivi rwakatarisana nemuromo wesimbi — kwete pamuromo. Kupisa kuri mupadhi nemutobvu kunofanira kunyungudutsa solder, iyo yozoyerera ichitenderedza mutobvu ichiyambuka pajointi, zvichiita koni yakatsetseka. Huwandu hushoma hunokwana — funga nezvetsanga yemupunga. Kuisa solder pajointi (kwete pamuromo) ndiko kunovimbisa kuti simbi inopisa zvakakwana kuti ibatane.

Danho rechina — Bvisa solder, wobva wainisa, wobva wamirira

Bvisa waya inosonesa kutanga, wobva wabvisa simbi kubva pajoini. Zvino chikamu chakakosha: usafambisa joini painooma. Kufamba panguva yekutonhodza kunoita kuti joini inotonhora ive isina kusimba uye isina simba. Joini rinogara musekondi imwe chete kana mbiri - bata zvese zvisina kumira kusvika zvaoma. Wobva waenda kune rimwe joini rinotevera.

Kuongorora nekucheka majoini

Majoini ese anofanira kuongororwa usati waenderera mberi, uye mwero wekuona uri nyore.

Zvekutarisira

Joini rakanaka rinopenya, rakatsetseka, uye rakakombama , richifukidza pedhi zvizere uye richibata muromo wegomo segomo diki rinoputika. Kana risina kusimba, rakaita mapundu, kana kuti rakaita sebhora, joini rinotonhora - wedzera kakuyerera uye dzokorora kupisa kusvikira solder yadzoka kuita koni yakajeka, yakatsetseka, wobva warega ichitonhorera isina kukanganiswa. Kubata joini rakashata ikozvino kuri nyore pane kutsvaga dambudziko rinowanzoitika gare gare.

Kucheka tambo

Kana wangogutsikana nejointi, cheka jira rakawandisa pamusoro pejointi uchishandisa zvichekeri zvepadivi. Pfeka dziviriro yemaziso - jira rakachekwa rinobhururuka nekukurumidza kunoshamisa. Cheka pedyo nejointi asi kwete mukati maro. Rointi yakachekwa zvakanaka inosiya jointi yakachena, yehunyanzvi uye inodzivirira jira refu kuti risapfupike pazvikamu zviri pedyo.

Zvikanganiso zvishanu zvakajairika uye kugadzirisa nekukurumidza

Dambudziko rinenge rese revanotanga rinowira muchikamu chimwe chete pazvikamu zvishanu. Tafura yacho inoratidza chiratidzo uye mushonga wacho.

Maitiro ari shure kwekugadzirisa

Cherechedza kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogadziriswa zvinosvika pazvinhu zviviri: kupisa kwakakwana kana mvura yakwana, asi kwete kwenguva yakareba. Kupisa kushoma kana mvura yakwana kunokupa solder ine mabeaded uye cold joints; kupisa kwakawanda kana nguva yakawanda kunopisa bhodhi uye ma lift pads. Kusolder kwakanaka kunogara mubhandi rakamanikana pakati peizvi, uye kusvika ipapo inyaya yekudzidzira netipi rakagadzirwa zvakanaka.

Kusarudza solder uye tembiricha yebasa

Kunyungudutsa uye tembiricha yaunosarudza zvinoita kuti maitiro ese anzwike zvakanaka. Pakudzidza uye pakushanda nemaoko mazhinji, waya ine lead 63/37 rosin-core ndiyo sarudzo iri nyore: haina simba, saka inooma ipapo ipapo uye yakachena pasina hwindo re "purasitiki" umo kusundidzirwa kunoparadza jointi, uye simbi ye300–350 °C inogara zvakanaka pamusoro penzvimbo yayo yekunyunguduka ye183 °C. SAC305 isina lead, inodiwa panoshandiswa RoHS, inonyunguduka zvakanyanya (inenge 217–220 °C) uye kazhinji inoda simbi inopisa ye20–30 °C pamwe nenguva shoma yekugara, uye inowanzoita seyakatetepa kunyangwe paine ruzha - saka usakanganisa jointi yakanaka isina lead neinotonhora. Dhayamita yewaya inokoshawo: 0.6–0.8 mm inokodzera basa rebhodhi, nepo waya ye0.4 mm yakapfava inopa kutonga kwakawanda pamapadhi madiki eSMT. Enzanisa solder nemusika wako uye dhayamita nezvikamu zvako, uye matambudziko mazhinji e "hunyanzvi" anonyangarika ega.

Maitiro ekusunungura joini: zvinhu zvekutanga zvekubvisa solder

Zvikanganiso zvinoitika, saka dzidza kuzvidzosera shure. Zvishandiso zviviri zvinofukidza zvinenge zvese.

Zvishandiso zviviri

Pombi inobvisa maburi nechinhu chinonyungudutsa (solder sucker) inobvisa maburi nepakati pechinhu chinonyungudutsa: nyungudutsa chisungo, isa nozzle pamusoro pechinhu chinonyungudutsa chakanyunguduka, uye vhura vacuum kuti isvine. Chisungo chinobvisa maburi nechinhu chinonyungudutsa (copper braid) chinochenesa mapadhi akatsetseka uye chinosimudza mabhiriji echinhu chinonyungudutsa: isa chisungo pacho, dzvanya simbi pamusoro, uye capillary action inodhonza chisungo chakanyunguduka mucho, zvichisiya padhi rakachena rakatsetseka.

Nzira inodzivirira bhodhi

Pazvishandiso zvese zviri zviviri: wedzera mvura itsva, nyungudutsa chose usati waedza kuibvisa, uye usadzvanya zvakasimba kana kunonoka. Kukuvadzwa kunowanzoitwa kubvisa soldering pad kunokonzerwa nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa pad yatove nepadanho rimwe chete rekunyungudutsa. Shanda nekukurumidza uye bvisa kupisa nekukurumidza solder painopfuudzwa.

Kufambira mberi kusvika pakusungirirwa pamusoro penzvimbo

Kana chinhu chabuda pachena kuti chave chemuzvarirwo, kuisa pamusoro ndicho nhanho inotevera. Zvikamu zvacho zvidiki, asi nzira yacho inogona kudzidzwa kana nzira yacho yakwana.

Nzira ye "tack-one-pad"

Shandisa muromo mutete uye mvura yakawanda. Nzira yakavimbika yechikamu chidiki cheSMT: bata padhi rimwe kutanga — isa solder diki padhi rimwe, wobva wabata chikamu chacho panzvimbo yacho wobva wanyungudutsa solder iyoyo kuti isimbiswe. Tarisa kuti chikamu chacho chakamira sei kana chiedza chakanaka, chisundire chakatwasuka kana zvichidikanwa, wobva wasundidzira mapini asara sezvo chikamu chacho chisingafambi. Izvi zvinodzivisa dambudziko guru reSMT rekubata chikamu chidiki chakatsiga paunenge uchisundidzira.

Kudhonza soldering yekuisa ma ICs akanaka

Kune machipisi ane mapini akawanda akavharika, "drag soldering" inoshanda zvakanaka: fambisa mapini zvakanaka, wobva waisa bead yesolder mumutsara nesimbi, uchirega kumanikidzwa kwenzvimbo kuchidhonza solder papini yega yega. Kana mapini akabatanidza, isa tambo yekubvisa soldering pamusoro pawo kuti usimudze yakawandisa. Zvishandiso zveSMT zvakachipa zvinovaka kugadzikana uye chivimbo chaunoda usati waisa bhodhi chairo panjodzi - zvakakodzera mutengo mudiki.

Kutanga nehukuru hwakakodzera hwezvikamu

Zvikamu zveSMT zvinouya muhukuru hwakajairwa, uye hukuru hwaunotanga nahwo hunokanganisa zvikuru kubudirira kwako. Ma "passive" makuru akadai se0805 (anenge 2.0 × 1.25 mm) uye 0603 anogona kutengeswa nemaoko uye inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga; 0402 inogoneka nemuromo mutete uye ruoko rwakatsiga; 0201 ne 01005 diki zvakaoma nemaoko uye zviri nani kusiya kuti idzoke. Pfungwa imwecheteyo inoshandawo kuma ICs: SOIC kana chip yakakura inoregerera, nepo QFP yakanaka kana QFN isina lead inoedza hunyanzvi hwako. Paunogadzira bhodhi raunoda kubatanidza nemaoko, kusarudza chikamu chikuru chemhuri yega yega kunoita kuti basa rese rive nyore uye rive rakavimbika.

Nguva yekurega muchina uchiita izvi

Kubatanidza nemaoko kwakanakira ma prototypes, kugadzirisa, uye kudzidza - uye hunyanzvi huri pamusoro apa hunokuita kuti ugone zvechokwadi. Asi pane imwe nguva kushanda nemaoko kusiri chishandiso chisina kunaka.

Zviratidzo zvekukura

Mabhodhi ehurefu neakakora akagadzirwa zvakanaka anofanira kunge ari pamutsetse wekuchinja mafambiro emuviri, uko kuiswa nekusungirirwa zvinongoerekana zvaitika uye zvinoenderana pajoini rega rega. Zvikamu zvejoini zvakavanzwa zvakaita seBGA hazvigone kusungirirwa nemaoko zvakavimbika zvachose - hapana nzira yekusvika pajoini pasi pepakeji. Kana ukabatanidza chero chimwe cheizvi, kuunganidza muchina kunokurumidza, kwakafanana, uye pakupedzisira kwakachipa pane kushanda nemaoko.

Nhanho inotevera

Highleap Electronics inoita SMT uye kubatanidza maburi nekuongorora otomatiki — danho rinotevera kana prototype yako yakagadzirwa nemaoko yaonekwa uye uchida huwandu. Tinoongorora dhizaini yako kutanga nekutarisa kweDFM kwemahara.

Tora mutengo wegungano →

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Ndingabata simbi iyi pajoini kwenguva yakareba sei?

Kazhinji sekondi imwe kusvika mbiri dzinopisa joinhi, wozowedzera imwe nguva solder ichiyerera. Mushure memasekonzi mashanu unogona kuisa panjodzi yekusimudza pad kana kukuvadza chikamu chacho.

Ndinobata chinonamira pasimbi here kana pajoini?

Kujoini. Pedhi rinopisa nelead zvinofanira kunyungudutsa solder; kuinyungudutsa pamucheto wejoini kunotungamira kumajoini anotonhora asingabatane.

Ndingagadzirisa sei chikosoro chejoini?

Wedzera mvura shoma wozodziisazve kusvikira chinhu chinosungirirwa chadzoka kuita koni inopenya uye yakatsetseka, wozosiya chichitonhorera chisina kukanganiswa pasina kufambisa chikamu chacho.

Ko kana ndikashandisa solder yakawandisa?

Bvisa zvakawandisa netambo yekubvisa tambo. Chidimbu chakanaka chinoda huwandu hushoma chete - hunenge tsanga yemupunga kuti ugadzire pini inobuda nepaburi.

Ndinogona here kusanganisa zvikamu zvekugadzirisa pamusoro nemaoko?

Ehe — shandisa nzira yakanaka, kuwedzera flux, uye nzira ye tack-one-pad-first. Zvikamu zvidiki kwazvo (0201) uye BGAs zvakakodzera zviri nani kune mutsetse we reflow.

Sei muromo wangu wesimbi uchichinja kuita mutema womira kushanda?

Yatsvukira. Chengeta yakacheneswa, ichenese nebrass wool, uye usamboisiya ichipisa uye isina chinhu kwenguva yakareba. Dzorerazve muromo usina kusimba nekukasika.

Ndeipi tsika inonyanya kukosha kune munhu anotanga?

Pisai joini, kwete solder. Katsika ikako, pamwe chete nemuromo wakaiswa mubhodhoro zvakanaka, inodzivirira kutadza kwakawanda kwevanotanga.