Karukureta yePCB Current: Saizi yeTrace Width uye Vias neIPC-2221 Formula

Karukureta yePCB inoshandura mubvunzo uri nyore - "karukureta iyi inofanira kunge yakakura sei?" - kuita nhamba yaunogona kugadzira. Kuderedza saizi yesimba remagetsi uye rinopisa, rinodzikisa voltage, uye rinogona kutadza kushanda; kuwedzera saizi yezvose uye unorasa nzvimbo yebhodhi yaungave usina. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura masvomhu eIPC-2221 ayo karukureta yega yega yePCB trace width current inomhanya pasi pehood, rinoratidza muenzaniso wakazara waunoshanda waunogona kukopa nemaoko, uye rinotambanudza kufunga kwakafanana kune mavias. Masvomhu akafanana ari shure kwechishandiso chimwe nechimwe chakabatana - karukureta yePCB trace current, karukureta ye via current, PCB via current calculator - uye kumashure kwemubvunzo wezuva nezuva wekuti karukureta ye trace yakadii inoda karukureta.

Zvinotevera ndezvekuti mainjiniya edu eDFM kuHighleap Electronics vanoongorora sei mhangura inotakura magetsi isati yagadzirwa.

1. Zvinoitwa nePCB Current Calculator uye Nei Zvichikosha Kutevera Upamhi

Karukureta yePCB ine huwandu huna: simba rinotakurwa netrace, nzvimbo yayo yemhangura, kukwira kwekupisa kunounzwa netrace, uye kana trace iri padanho rekunze kana remukati. Gadzirisa chero matatu uye karukureta inogadzirisa yechina. Mukuita, vagadziri vanoshandisa nzira mbiri - kuwana simba rakachengeteka retrace ravakatotora, kana kuwana upamhi hushoma hwesimba ravanoda kuendesa.

Fizikisi yacho iri nyore: mhangura ine resistance, current through resistance inogadzira kupisa (I²R), uye kupisa ikoko kunokwidza tembiricha yetrace kusvika yasvika pakuenzana nenzvimbo yakaipoteredza. Trace yakafara kana yakakora ine mhangura yakawanda, resistance yakaderera, uye nzvimbo yakawanda yekuderedza kupisa, saka inotakura current yakawanda panguva imwe chete yekupisa.

Sei iyi iri nyaya yekuvimbika

Chinhu chinopisa zvakanyanya hachingodziyi chete. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunoramba kuripo kunowedzera oxidation yemhangura, kunoparadza laminate yakaipoteredza, kunowedzera kusimba mu feedback loop inokuvadza, uye pamabhodhi emagetsi anogona kusimudza mapedhi kana kuvhura chinhu chacho chose. Kuyera mhangura inotakura magetsi nemazvo ndeimwe yemitengo inodhura zvishoma mukugadzira.

Nei kukwira kwekushisa kuri sarudzo yekugadzira

Hapana magetsi "akayerwa" emagetsi - magetsi chete emagetsi anokonzera kukwira kwetembiricha kunogamuchirika. Kukwira kwe10 °C kwakajairika uye kwakajairika; 20 °C inoshandiswa zvakanyanya; kukwira kwepamusoro kunobatanidza magetsi akawanda kuita mhangura shoma zvichireva kuti pane mari yakawanda. Kusarudza ΔT inobvumirwa ndiyo sarudzo yekutanga usati wapa mhinduro ine musoro.

2. Fomura yeIPC-2221 iri shure kweCalculator yeUpamhi hweTrace

Inenge karukureta yese yePCB yepamhepo inoshandisa equation yakafanana kubva kuIPC-2221, inobva mumakorikoro ekupisa ezvisaririra chaizvo.

Pano I iri muma amperes, ΔT ndiyo tembiricha inobvumidzwa kukwira mu °C, uye A ndiyo nzvimbo ye trace iri mu square mils . Iyo k inongogara ichibata mamiriro ekutonhorera: i0.048 yezviratidzo zvekunze, zvinoonekwa mumhepo uye zvinotonhorera zvakanaka, uye 0.024 yezviratidzo zvemukati, zvinovigwa mu laminate pasina convective cooling.

Kushandura huremu hwemhangura kuita ukobvu

Nzvimbo ine mativi maviri inosiyana-siyana nehupamhi, uye ukobvu hunobva pahuremu hwemhangura. Ounsi imwe chete yemhangura yakapararira pamusoro pe square foot ine ukobvu hwe 1.37 mil (inenge 35 µm). Saka chidimbu che 1 oz chine upamhi hwe 50 mil chine cross-section ye 50 × 1.37 = 68.5 mil². Kupeta kaviri 2 oz mhangura kunowedzera ukobvu hwe 2.74 mil uye nokudaro kunowedzera kaviri nzvimbo yacho nehupamhi hwakaenzana.

IPC-2221 ichienzaniswa neIPC-2152

IPC-2221 ndiyo nzira yekare uye inochengetedza zvinhu uye inoshandiswa nemakarukureta anokurumidza. IPC-2152 itsva ine zvimwe zvinhu — ukobvu hwebhodhi, kuvapo kwemhangura, uye mamiriro ekupisa — uye kazhinji inobvumira kuderera kwezviratidzo kana kufanotaura tembiricha nekuti inoratidza kupararira kwekupisa zviri zvechokwadi. Kune magadzirirwo emagetsi mashoma, IPC-2152 yakakosha zvakanyanya; pahukuru hwezuva nezuva, IPC-2221 inopa nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekutanga.

3. Maitiro Ekuverenga Upamhi hweTrace Danho neDanho (Muenzaniso Wakashanda)

Kushanda fomura kamwe chete nemaoko kunoita kuti mhinduro yega yega yekarukureta ive nyore kunzwisisa. Ngatitii unoda trace yekunze kuti iendese 5 A ine 10 °C inokwira pabhodhi re1 oz.

Danho 1 — Gadzirisa fomura yenzvimbo

Gadzirisa I = k × ΔT ^0.44 × A ^0.725 yeA:

Danho rechipiri — Batanidza mavalues

Na k = 0.048 (yekunze) uye ΔT = 10: ΔT ^0.44 = 10 ^0.44 ≈ 2.75. Saka k × ΔT ^0.44 = 0.048 × 2.75 ≈ 0.132. Ipapo I ÷ 0.132 = 5 ÷ 0.132 ≈ 37.9.

Danho rechitatu — Gadzirisa nzvimbo yacho

Simudza 37.9 kusvika pasimba (1 ÷ 0.725 ≈ 1.379): A ≈ 37.9 ^1.379 ≈ 150 mil².

Danho rechina — Chinja nzvimbo kuita upamhi

Govanisa ne1 oz ukobvu hwe1.37 mil: upamhi = 150 ÷ ​​1.37 ≈ 110 mil (inenge 2.8 mm). Ndiwo upamhi hushoma hwekunze hwe5 A pakukwira kwe10 °C.

Danho 5 — Tarisa chikamu chemukati chemukati

Kana chiratidzo chimwe chete ichocho chakamhanya pachikamu chemukati, k inodzikira kusvika pa0.024 — hafu yehuwandu hwacho. Nekuda kwe 0.725 exponent, kupatsanura k nehafu hakungopeta nzvimbo kaviri chete: kunoisimudza neinenge 2.6× (2 ^1.379 ). Saka 5 A imwecheteyo pakukwirira kwe10 °C ikozvino inoda anenge 390 mil² , anenge 285 mil upamhi. Ndokusaka power routing ichichengetwa pazvikamu zvekunze, kana kuti ichipiwa mhangura inorema, kana ichifanira kupinda mukati.

Aya ndiwo manhamba ekutanga; kukwidza ΔT inobvumirwa kana huremu hwemhangura kunoderedza upamhi nekukurumidza, inova ndiyo nzvimbo chaiyo yekutengeserana iyo karukureta inokutendera kuti uongorore.

4. Kuburikidza neKukwanisa Kwazvino: Saizi uye Kusona Vias

Mambure emagetsi anowanzo chinja ma layer, uye nzira diki kwazvo ndiyo inonyanya kupisa uye inodzivisa kufamba.

Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwesimba razvino kunoitwa sei

Nzira yekuisa jira rakaputirwa inoita senzira pfupi yakamonerwa: kugona kwayo kwazvino kunoenderana nechikamu chemhangura chebharero rayo, icho chinoiswa nedhayamita yegomba rakapedzwa uye ukobvu hweplating. Nzira yakajairika yeinjiniya ndeyekubata bharero rakavhurwa (denderedzwa replating rinopeta ukobvu hwaro) sechikamu chakaenzana chetrace uye kushandisa reasoning yakafanana neIPC, wobva wawedzera margin nekuti vias inotonhorera zvishoma pane mhangura yepamusoro.

Kusona mavias panguva imwe chete

Pane kuvimba ne via imwe hombe, vagadziri vanotakura magetsi akawanda kuburikidza nema via akawanda panguva imwe chete (“kuburikidza nekusona”). Ma via akawanda anogovana magetsi, anoderedza simba remagetsi, uye anoparadzira kupisa, uko kwakasimba kupfuura buri rimwe chete. Tsika inobatsira ndeyekushandisa mari yakawanda yemagetsi pa via wowedzera ma via akakwana kuti afukidze mambure nemuganhu.

Highleap painoongorora dhizaini yemagetsi, tinosimbisa kuti kuburikidza nekuverengwa uye kuputirwa kunotsigira net current — chikonzero chimwe chete chekusona chatsanangurwa pamusoro apa — kuti machira emhangura anorema anogona kugadzirwa, uye kuti stackup yacho inopa chikamu chakatorwa sechinofungidzirwa nekarukureta.

5. Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika zveKuverenga Kwemazuva Ano kwePCB uye Maitiro Ari Nani

Fomura yacho yakavimbika; zvinopinda mukati ndizvo zvinokanganisa magadzirirwo.

• Kushandisa k yekunze pane trace yemukati. Kukanganwa kuchinja kubva pa0.048 kuenda pa0.024 kunokwidza kugona kwemukati neanenge 2×.
• Tichifunga kuti mhangura yapera yakaenzana nemhangura yehwaro. Kuisa mapurasitiki kunowedzera ukobvu pazvikamu zvekunze; zvikamu zvemukati zvinogara pedyo nepakati. Shandisa ukobvu hwakapedzwa hwechokwadi.
• Kuregeredza kupisa kwemhepo nekwepedyo. ΔT ikwiriro pamusoro penzvimbo yemuno, iyo inogona kunge yatokwidziridzwa nezvinhu zvakaipoteredza.
• Kukanganwa kushandisa via mumagetsi anochinja-chinja layer. Chiratidzo chakakodzera chinopa jira diki diki chinongoendesa nzvimbo inopisa ku jira diki.
• Saizi yemagetsi akagadzikana chete. Kupinda kwemhepo, kukanganisa, uye kutenderera kwemhepo zvinogona kudarika kukosha kwakasimba uye zvinoda nzira yavo yekuongorora kana kubatanidza mhepo.
• Kubata IPC-2221 sezvazviri chaizvo. Inochengetedza uye inoenderana nechati; kune magadzirirwo emagetsi ekunze, simbisa neIPC-2152 kana testing yekupisa.

Nzira iri nani ndeyekusarudza kuti tembiricha inobvumirwa kukwira sei kutanga, kushandisa ukobvu hwemhangura hwakapedzwa, kuchengetedza magetsi akawandisa pazvikamu zvekunze kana kuratidza mhangura inorema, saizi dzacho dzakafanana nedzakatorwa, uye kuwedzera mwero wemafungu emvura anodarika nguva. Wobva wasimbisa kuti stackup yakasarudzwa uye huremu hwemhangura zvinogoneka kugadzirwa nemugadziri wako usati waisa dhizaini yacho.

6. Kana Nhamba Dzichiratidza Kuti Kune Mhangura Yakawanda

Kuverenga kwazvino kunobatsira chete kana bhodhi richigona kuvakwa kuti rienderane naro — uye pamagadzirirwo esimba chaiwo, mhinduro iyo fomura inopa inowanzo pfuura mhangura yakajairwa ye1 oz. Kutakura makumi emaamps asina kukwira kwekupisa kukuru kunowanzoreva mhangura ye2, 3, kana 6+ oz, nzvimbo yakakura pakati pematrace akaremara, uye kuburikidza nezvivakwa zvakaputirwa kuti zvienderane. Idzo ndidzo parameter dzekugadzira, saka dzakakodzera kusimbiswa kuti dzinogona kuvakwa usati wakiya dhizaini.

Highleap inogadzirwa kubva pamabhodhi e1 oz akajairwa kuburikidza nemaPCB emhangura anorema , uye tichaongorora upamhi hwetrace yako, huremu hwemhangura, uye kuburikidza nekuverengwa kwesimba remagetsi chairo rinogona kupihwa nechivakwa - uye tarisa panogona kusimbiswa neIPC-2152. Tumira magetsi ako, chinangwa chekukwira kwetembiricha, uye stackup, uye tichasimbisa kuti mhangura inogadzirwa.

Tora Quote PCB Yako Yakanyanya Kushanda

7. Mibvunzo Inowanzo Bvunzwa

Ndeipi fomura inoshandiswa nePCB current calculator?

Vazhinji vanoshandisa equation yeIPC-2221 I = k × ΔT ^0.44 × A ^0.725 , apo I iri mu amps, ΔT ndiyo tembiricha inobvumidzwa kukwira mu °C, A inzvimbo yechikamu mu mil², uye k i0.048 yezviratidzo zvekunze kana 0.024 yezviratidzo zvemukati. Iyo itsva IPC-2152 standard inogadzirisa izvi ne board uye thermal factors.

Sei zviratidzo zvemukati zvichifanira kuva zvakakura kupfuura zvekunze?

Zvisaririra zvemukati zvakavigwa mulaminate pasina kutonhora kwemhepo, saka hazvidziviri kupisa zvakanyanya. Mufomura yeIPC-2221, constant k yavo ihafu yezvisaririra zvekunze (0.024 vs 0.048) - uye nekuda kwe0.725 exponent, k yakachekwa nehafu inoita kuti pave nezvinodiwa ka2.6 kupfuura nzvimbo yepakati pechikamu kuti pave nekuwedzera kwemagetsi nekupisa kwakafanana.

Kurema kwemhangura kunokanganisa sei kugona kwemagetsi?

Huremu hweseti dzemhangura ukobvu hwetrace ukobvu — 1 oz ine ukobvu hwe1.37 mil — uye ukobvu hunowedzera upamhi kuti hupe nzvimbo yakachinjika. Kupeta huremu hwemhangura kubva pa1 oz kusvika pa2 oz kunowedzera kaviri nzvimbo yehupamhi humwe, saka trace inotakura simba rakawanda pakupisa kwakafanana.

Ndinofanira kugadzira kukwira kwekupisa kupi?

Kukwira kwe10°C isarudzo inochengetedza, yakajairika uye 20°C inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kukosha kwakakodzera kunoenderana nekupisa kwelaminate yako, nharaunda iri mukati meimba, uye kuti unoda mari yakawanda sei. Yeuka kuti kukwira kunowedzerwa pamusoro penzvimbo yemuno, kwete tembiricha yemumba.

Ndingaisa sei saizi ye via kuti ndiwane magetsi akawanda?

Bata bharero rakaputirwa sechidimbu chipfupi chine mhangura inoenderana nedhayamita yegomba uye ukobvu hweplati, wobva wawedzera muganho nekuti mavias haatonhori zvakanaka. Kune mambure emagetsi chaiwo, shandisa mavias akati wandei ari pamwe chete (kuburikidza nekusona) kuitira kuti agovane magetsi uye aparadzire kupisa pane kuvimba negomba rimwe chete guru.

IPC-2221 kana IPC-2152 zviri nani here?

IPC-2221 iri nyore uye inochengetedza, zvichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka kuti isakure nekukurumidza. IPC-2152 yakanyatsojeka nekuti inotarisa ukobvu hwebhodhi, mapuraneti emhangura, uye mamiriro ekupisa, uye inowanzo bvumidza kutsvedza kudiki. Kune magadzirirwo akaomarara kana ane simba guru, kusimbisa neIPC-2152 kana kuyedzwa kwekupisa kwakakosha.