Dhizaini yePCB yeMitemo Yekugadzira uye Sarudzo dzeKugadzira

Dhizaini yePCB yekugadzira zvinoreva kugadzira bhodhi rako redunhu kuitira kuti maitiro ekugadzira agone kurivaka nemazvo, negoho guru, uye nemutengo wakapihwa. Sarudzo yega yega yekugadzira - huremu hwemhangura, kuburikidza nedhayamita, nzvimbo yekusiya matrace, dhizaini yebhodhi, kuiswa kwezvikamu, saizi yehunhu hwesilkscreen, kuwedzera mask yesolder, chimiro chefaira rekuboorera - inosarudza zvakananga izvo mugadziri neimba yekuunganidza zvinogona kuita kana zvisingagone kuita, uye nemutengo upi. Dhizaini isingateereri zvirambidzo zvekugadzira haingoburitse mureza weDFM pakuongorora mutengo; inowedzera mutengo weyuniti, inowedzera nguva yekutungamira, inoderedza goho rekutanga, uye dzimwe nguva inogadzira kutadza kwemunda kunopasa bvunzo yega yega yefekitori. Gwaro iri rinofukidza sarudzo dzekugadzira dzinonyanya kukosha - nenhamba dzakatarwa dziri shure kwemutemo wega wega uye chikonzero chekugadzira mutemo wega wega chiripo - saka vagadziri vanogona kuita shanduko dzakagadzirwa neruzivo pane kuyeuka zvirambidzo zvavasinganzwisisi.

Tumira Mafaira Kuti Uwane Ongororo yeDFM Yemahara

Zvinoreva Kugadzirwa kwePCB Kwekugadzira - uye Nei Ichitanga Kusati Kwarongwa

Dhizaini yePCB yekugadzira haisi rondedzero yekupedzisira pakurongeka kwayo. Ndiyo nzira yekuita sarudzo dzekugadzira - padanho rega rega kubva pakurongwa kusvika pakugadzirira mafaira - nekunzwisisa kwakajeka kwekuti sarudzo yega yega inodzivisa kana kubvumira sei maitiro ekugadzira. Kana muganho wekugadzira ukatariswa nekukurumidza, zvinodhurawo kuuremekedza.

Mutengo wekugadzirisa Matambudziko eDFM pamatanho akasiyana

• Pakusarudza schematic / component: Kusarudza QFN panzvimbo peBGA panzvimbo imwe chete kudzivirira kuzadza ne-in-pad kunochengetedza $8–15 pabhodhi rega rega mumutengo wekugadzira HDI, pasina kugadziriswa kwedhizaini. Kutsanangura 1080 prepreg panzvimbo pe2116 muHDI buildup kunoita kuti pasave nekuona kuburikidza neaspect ratio iri pasi pe0.8:1 — musiyano uripo pakati pe-visual via ne-field failure — pasina shanduko ye-routing uye pasina shanduko yemutengo padanho rezvinhu.
• Pa 50% marongerwo: Kuziva kuti kupararira kwemhangura isina kuenzana kuchaita kuti bhodhi ritenderere panguva yekuyerera kwemvura, uye kuwedzera kuzadza mhangura kwakaringana muzvikamu zvakareruka, zvinotora maminetsi makumi matatu. Kuwana izvi mushure mekunge mapuranga agadzirwa zvinoreva kubvisa nzvimbo yacho.
• Pakurongwa kwekupedzisira, pre-Gerber: Kumhanyisa silkscreen-to-pad DRC uye kutamisa vanhu gumi nevashanu vanopa ruzivo kunotora awa imwe chete. Kupa mhosva idzi kumugadziri kunowedzera maawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere ekushanda uye kunogona kukonzera kusanzwisiswa kweCAM.
• Pakugadzirwa kwechinyorwa chekutanga kana vhoriyamu: Dambudziko reDFM rakasvika pakugadzira rinodhura $500–$5,000 uye vhiki imwe kusvika nhatu dzehurongwa. Pahuwandu, 5% yezvimedu zvemapuranga zviuru gumi pamadhora gumi nemaviri chimwe nechimwe zvinodhura $6,000 muzvinhu zvinodzoserwa chete - usati warasikirwa nemari yekushanda mumunda.

DFM Unyanzvi hwekugadzira, Kwete Mutemo weFekitori

Mugadziri anonzwisisa kuti sei paine 0.10mm minimum trace ye ½oz copper (etch undercut inowedzera nekudzika kwe copper), nei via aspect ratio iri pamusoro pe 10:1 ichigadzira plating isingavimbike (chemistry haigoni kusvika pakati pebarrel), kana kuti nei board outline isina datum yakatsanangurwa ichigadzira kusanzwisisika kwekugadzirwa (dimensional error inoungana kubva pane chimwe chinhu kuenda kune chimwe) anogona kuita shanduko dzakangwara kana mashandiro achida kusundidzira miganhu. Mugadziri anoona DFM se binary pass/fail checklist anogara achigadzirisa blind.

Sarudzo dzeKuunganidza Zvinhu Zvinotsanangura Miganhu Yekugadzira

Sarudzo dzekugadzirisa zvinhu dzakaitwa usati watanga kuronga zvinhu dzinoona kuti chii chiri kugadzirwa uye chii chisingagadzirwe mubhodhi rapera. Izvi hazvigoneke kuchinjwa mushure mekuronga zvinhu pasina kutenderera zvachose.

Kurongeka Kwakafanana: Hazvigoneke Kukurukurirana Nemabhodhi Matete

Kuunganidzwa kwakaenzana — uko kurongeka kwezvikamu uye ukobvu hwe dielectric pamusoro pebhodhi repakati zvinoratidza zviri pasi — kunodzivirira kuwedzera kwakasiyana kwekupisa panguva yekutsvedza uye kuyererazve. Kana bhodhi rikawedzera uye richikotama zvisina kuenzana, rinokotama zvachose. Kune mapuranga ari pasi pe1.0mm ukobvu, anowanzo kuwanikwa muHDI PCB uye magadzirirwo anopfekwa, kuunganidzwa kusina kuenzana kunokonzera kutadza kwekuisa SMT kubva pakukanda.

Sarudzo yekugadzira: sarudza magirazi maviri nemaune — kana L2 iri 1oz copper plane, L(N-1) inofanira kunge iri 1oz copper plane. Kana nzira yekutumira masaini ichidzivirira izvi, wedzera copper fill yakachekwa parutivi rwakareruka. Hazvidi kubatana kwemagetsi, hazvibhadhari mari pakugadzira, uye zvinoenzanisa maitiro ekuwedzera kwekupisa.

Kufananidza Zvinhu Tg neMaitiro Ekuunganidza

• Standard FR4 (Tg 130–140°C): Yakakwana yeSMT ine mativi maviri isina lead. Mumucheto wemuchina we lead une mativi maviri — madenderedzwa maviri akazara e reflow pa 255–260°C anounza bhodhi pedyo zvakanyanya netembiricha yaro yekuchinja kwegirazi. Pakusangana kwemativi maviri, taura mid-Tg (150–160°C) semuganho wepasi.
• High-Tg FR4 (Tg 170°C+): Zvinodiwa pakusangana kusina lead-side side, nzvimbo yekushanda kwemotokari (−40°C kusvika +125°C), uye kushandiswa kwemhepo inopisa zvakanyanya. Mutengo wepamusoro: 10–20% kupfuura FR4 yakajairwa — pasi penguva imwe chete yekugadzirisazve.
• Malaminate asingapindi CAF: Kune magadzirirwo ane nzvimbo iri pakati pemaburi nepakati pemaburi iri pasi pe0.20mm munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, FR4 yakajairwa inogona kukura nekukura kwefilament inofambisa mweya pakati pemaburi akaboorwa ari pedyo nekufamba kwenguva. Taura magiredhi asingapindi CAF (Isola 370HR, Shengyi S1000-2M) kana paine nzvimbo iri pakati pemaburi nepakati uye hunyoro.

Kugadzira Tsanangudzo Yakakwana Yekudzora-Impedance

Chiratidzo cheimpedance chinodzorwa chakarurama chete sezvakanyorwa zviri shure kwacho. Upamhi hwechishandiso cheEDA hunoverenga zvichienderana nemaparamita e dielectric anofungidzirwa. Kana zvinyorwa zvekugadzira zvichiti "50Ω inodiwa" chete, mugadziri anoshandisa stack-up yavo yakajairika, iyo inogona kusiyana neyaifungidzirwa neEDA tool yako - ichigadzira shanduko yeimpedance ye lot-to-lot iyo inokonzera kutadza kwekuvimbika kwesignali mumunda.

Tsanangudzo yakakwana ye impedance inoda zvinhu zvishanu zvese: nhamba ye layer, upamhi hwe trace, target impedance (Ω), tolerance (±%), uye mazita e reference plane layer. Semuenzaniso: “50Ω ±10% pa L1, upamhi hwe trace 0.127mm, reference plane L2.” Kushaikwa kwechinhu chipi zvacho kunomanikidza mugadziri kuti afungidzire.

Kurema kwemhangura uye zvazvinoreva pakugadzirwa kwayo

Kurema kwemhangura kunokanganisa hupamhi hwetrace, mhando ye etch, uye impedance panguva imwe chete:

• ½ oz (17µm): Zvinodiwa paHDI buildup layers pakuchera nelaser (conformal mask etching inoda copper yakatetepa kuti ive nemipendero chaiyo yemahwindo); inoshandiswa pa high-density signal layers apo panodiwa 0.075–0.10mm traces.
• 1oz (35µm): Standard yezviratidzo zvakawanda uye plane layers; trace shoma 0.125mm mumaitiro akajairwa
• 2oz (70µm): Kune ma layer emagetsi ane magetsi anoramba aripo; chengetedza simba remagetsi risingapfuure 0.20mm; simbisa kugona kwemukati me layer nemugadziri wemagetsi usati waisa magetsi.
• Zviyero zvemhangura zvakasanganiswa pachikamu chimwe chete inokonzera matambudziko ekuchekerera — chifukidziro chinobvisa kudzika kwakasiyana panguva imwe chete, zvichikonzera kuchekerera kwakawandisa kwezvinhu zvakatetepa kana kuchekerera pasi kwezvikamu zvinorema zvemhangura. Dhizaini ine huremu hwakaenzana hwemhangura pachikamu chimwe nechimwe.

Mitemo yeKutevedza, Nzvimbo, uye Kugadzira Mhangura: Zvinobva paNhamba Yega Yega

Kuyera Nzvimbo neKurema kweMhangura

Kuwanda kwetrace uye nzvimbo kunobva mufizikisi ye etch undercut: etchant inorwisa mhangura kumativi pamwe nepasi, uye lateral undercut inowedzera nekudzika kwemhangura. Mugadziri anotaura nezve 0.10mm traces pa 2oz copper ari kukumbira chinhu chisingagone kugadzirwa nenzira yakavimbika.

Dhizaini yacho inofanira kunge iri pasi pemutemo wepasi pevhu kunze kwekunge huwandu hwevhu huchida kushivirirana kwakasimba. Mitemo yepamusoro inoda kusimbiswa kwesimba rayo, inodhura zvakanyanya, uye kuderedza goho rayo.

Makona Ekufambisa Nzira uye Misungo yeAcid

Madonhwe anofambiswa nemakona ari pasi pe90° anogadzira mapoketi emhangura akavharirwa uko mhangura inonyungudika uye inoramba ichinyungudika mushure mekunge nzvimbo dzakapoteredza dzachena. Madonhwe anochekwa kana akachekwa anogona kupasa bvunzo yemagetsi yemukamuri uye okundikana kana paine kushushikana kwekupisa. Sarudzo yekugadzira: nzira iri pa45° inokombama seyakajairika; bvumira zvirambidzo zveDRC zveacute-angle. Kune miganhu yemhangura iri pedyo nenzvimbo dzinosangana madonhwe, simbisa kuti hapana mapoketi eacute-angle akaumbwa mugeometry yekudira.

Zvitsuwa zveCopper neZvitsuwa Zvakaparadzana

Zvinhu zvakatetepa zvemhangura zvakaparadzana — zvikamu zvakatetepa zvekudurura, mitsetse midiki pakati pemapedhi ari pedyo, zvidimbu zvemhangura zvinosiyiwa nemitemo yekubvisa — zvisarudzo zvekugadzira zvinogadzira matambudziko ekugadzira. Zvinhu zvakatetepa kupfuura 0.10mm zvinogona kubva panguva yekucheka uye kudonha kuenda kumhangura iri pedyo, zvichikonzera mapfupi. Zvitsuwa zvemhangura zviri kure pamusoro pe1mm² pazvikamu zvemukati zvinogadzira kuzara kwe etch kusina kufanana kunoshandura upamhi hwe trace uye kunokanganisa kudzorwa kwe impedance.

Sarudzo yekugadzira: mushure mekugadzira mhangura, mhanyisa mhangura inoyangarara DRC. Ipa, bvisa, kana kuisa zvinyorwa zvemhangura yese isina mambure. Isa mutemo wehupamhi hwebasa remhangura hushoma hwe 0.10mm.

Kudonhedza misodzi paVia nePad Connections

Kana chinhu chinosangana ne via kana pad pa T-junction, kona yakapinza yemukati inenge iri nzvimbo ye acid trap uye ine simba rekushandisa panguva yekuboorwa. Teardrops — zvishoma nezvishoma copper fillets pakuchinja — inobvisa njodzi dzose uye inosimbisa annular ring. Shandisa otomatiki teardrop kuisa pasi rose muEDA tool usati wagadzira mafaira ekuburitsa.

Kubvisa Mavhiri Akawanda (IPC-2221)

Mitemo yakajairika yekuparadzanisa ma "trace-spacing" inogadziriswa kuti ionekwe kuti ma "signal levels" ane voltage yakaderera. Pamusoro pe30V, zvinodiwa pakubvisa magetsi zvinowedzera nevoltage paIPC-2221 — hukama husingashandiswe nemitemo yakawanda yeDRC ye "signal-layer". Magadzirirwo ane 48V power rails pamwe ne 3.3V logic anowanzo ratidza nzvimbo isina kukwana pakati pesimba nema "signal domains" nekuti mugadziri akashandisa mitemo ye "signal-level" pasi rose.

• Kusvika 30V yekunze isina kuvharwa: 0.10mm zvishoma
• 31–50V yekunze isina kuputirwa: 0.60mm; yemukati: 0.10mm
• 51–100V yekunze: 1.00mm; yemukati: 0.10mm
• 101–170V yekunze: 1.50mm; yemukati: 0.20mm

Sarudzo yekugadzira: tsanangura makirasi akasiyana enet emanet ane voltage yakawanda muEDA tool ane zvirambidzo zvekubviswa kwevoltage zvinoenderana nevoltage.

Sarudzo dzekugadzira nekushandisa Drill: Aspect Ratio, PTH/NPTH, uye Slot Holes

Kuburikidza neAspect Ratio: Sarudzo Yekuvimbika Yakaitwa paLayout

Chiyero cheAspect (ukobvu hwebhodhi ÷ dhayamita yegomba rakapedzwa) chinosarudza kana plating chemistry ichigona kugovera mhangura zvakaenzana mukati mebharero. Pamusoro pe10:1, chemistry haigone kusvika pakati pebharero nenzira yakavimbika - mhedzisiro yacho imhangura yakatetepa iri pakati pebharero, iyo inotsemuka mushure me50-200 thermal cycles. Iyo via inopfuura bvunzo yekutanga yemagetsi uye inokundikana mumunda.

• ≤8:1: Standard — plating yakavimbika, pasina muripo wepamusoro
• 8–10:1: Yepamusoro — kuputira kwemoyo kunodiwa, ~15% mutengo wepamusoro
• 10–12:1: Mutengo wepamusoro-soro — mutengo wakakosha uye nguva yekutungamirira; simbisa kugona kwemugadziri usati watanga
• >12:1: Hazvigoneki kuburikidza nekuboorwa kwesimbi; zvinoda magirazi ekuona akaboorwa nelaser kana kuderedza ukobvu hwebhodhi

Kukanganisa kunowanzoitika pasina chikonzero: mugadziri anowedzera ukobvu hwebhodhi kubva pa1.6mm kusvika pa2.4mm kuti rive rakaomarara ukuwo richichengetedza 0.25mm signal vias. Aspect ratio inobva pa6.4:1 kusvika pa9.6:1 — kubva pastandard kuenda paadvanced — pasina kuziva kuti kuvimbika kweburi rega rega riri pabhodhi kwachinja.

Mhete yeAnnular: Kugadzira neKushivirira Kuboorera

Mhete ye annular inonwisa chikanganiso chekuboorwa kwesimbi. Kuboorwa kwe CNC kwakajairwa kune ±0.075mm kushivirira kunyoresa, iyo inoshandisa zvakananga mhete ye annular: mhete ye 0.10mm ine ±0.075mm kushivirira ine mhete yakasara yakanyanya kuipa ye 0.025mm pazvikamu zvemukati - njodzi chaiyo yekubuda kwesimbi mukugadzirwa.

• Mhete yekunze ine annular: 0.125mm inofarirwa, 0.10mm ine avhareji yemutengo
• Mhete yemukati ine annular: 0.10mm inosarudzwa, 0.075mm yakaderera
• Wedzera madonhwe emisodzi kuburikidza nekubatanidza kuti usimbise kubatana kwemvura kubva pakubuda kwemvura

PTH vs. NPTH: Kunzwisisa Kubhadhariswa Kwedhiri

Mabharero ePTH anogamuchira mhangura yakaputirwa nemagetsi inoderedza dhayamita yegomba rakapedzwa ne 0.05–0.10mm — PTH yakapedzwa ye 0.30mm inoda chibooreso che 0.35–0.40mm. NPTH haigamuchire muripo: gomba rakapedzwa ≈ saizi yechibooreso. Kana PTH neNPTH zvakasanganiswa mufaira rimwe chete rechibooreso pasina zviratidzo zvehunhu, mugadziri anofanira kugumisa mhando kubva pa geometry. Chero kusarongeka kunokonzera saizi dzisina kunaka dzegomba kana plating isina kurongerwa.

Sarudzo yekugadzira: gara uchigadzira mafaira akasiyana ePTH neNPTH drill uye nyora izvi muzvinyorwa zvekugadzira. Mutsetse mumwe chete unobvisa kirasi yese yekusanzwisisika.

Maburi EmaSlot: Tsanangudzo Yakazara muDrill File

Maburi enzvimbo dzekubatanidza, zvikamu zvemupendero, uye zvinhu zvemakanika zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa senzira dzakarongwa mufaira rekudhirowa (Excellon G85 syntax kana ODB++ routed feature), kwete semaumbirwo ari mubhodhi. Kana jira remakanika richiratidza nzvimbo uye faira rekudhirowa riine maburi akatenderera chete, mugadziri anofanira kubvunza mugadziri nezvehukuru, PTH/NPTH status, uye kushivirira vasati vavaka.

Sarudzo yekugadzira: tsanangura mipata yese zvakajeka mufaira rekuboorera uye nyora zvese zviri mudhirowa rekugadzira uchishandisa macoordinates ekutanga nekuguma, hupamhi, kushivirira kwemativi, uye PTH/NPTH.

Kuiswa kweChikamu uye Dhizaini yeChikamu Chekuungana Kwakavimbika

Kururama kweNyaya Chisarudzo cheDFM

Chiratidzo chetsoka chinotsanangura mashandiro anoita gadziriro yacho. Chiratidzo chetsoka chisina kururama — nzvimbo isina kunaka pakati pemapedhi, mapedhi madiki, chivanze chisina kukwana — zvinounza matambudziko ekubatanidza anodzokera kumashure kusvika pakusarudza dhizaini. Tarisa IPC-7351 kune ese mapatani epasi akajairwa. Vagadziri vanogadzira tsoka kubva pakutanga vasina IPC-7351 vanowanzogadzira mapedhi madiki zvakanyanya (jointi isina kukwana), akakura zvakanyanya (njodzi yekuva nematombo pamapassives madiki), kana akaparadzaniswa zvisirizvo (mabhiriji pa fine-pitch ICs).

QFN Thermal Pad: Nzira Inonyanya Kugadzirwa Zvisina Kunaka

• Nzvimbo yemhangura yekupisa: 70–80% yepedhi rakavhurika papakeji. Mhangura yakazara (100%) inobvisa mweya uye inoita kuti pave nemhepo isina chinhu; pasi pe60% haigone kupisa zvakakwana uye kubata michina.
• Hapana masipokisi ekuderedza kupisa: Maspokes anowedzera kuramba kupisa ne 2–4×. Shandisa kubatanidza kwakasimba kwemhangura.
• Vias mu thermal pad: Chibooreso che 0.30mm, 4–9 mugridi, tsanangura se ma vias akabatanidzwa ne resinVhura vias wick solder panguva yekudzoreredza mvura, uchideredza thermal pad uye uchisimudza package — nzira yekukundikana inopfuura bvunzo dzese dzemagetsi nedzekuona dzemufekitori.
• Kuvhura kwestencil: Isa hwindo mu grid ye 3×3 kana 4×4 ine mipata ye 0.15mm kudzora vhoriyamu ye paste uye kudzivirira kubuda kweropa pasi pechishandiso.

Kubviswa Kwenzvimbo uye Kutungamirirwa Kwezvikamu

• Muviri weSMD kubva kumuviri weSMD: 0.15mm zvishoma, 0.25mm inosarudzwa
• Muviri weSMD kusvika kumucheto webhodhi: 2.5mm zvishoma — kuburitswa kwechitima chekutakura zvinhu
• Chikamu chakareba (>3mm) kusvika kuchikamu chakapfava: 3.0mm zvishoma munzira yekudzoreredza mvura — zvikamu zvirefu zvine mumvuri wekuiswa kwepasi pemvura pamapedhi akapfava
• Kuburikidza neburi kusvika pedyo neSMD: 2.5mm diki yekubvisa wave soldering

Maovheni eReflow ane gwara rakatsanangurwa. Kutarisa ma "polarized 0201" ne "0402 passives" ane "polarized axis" akafanana negwara re "reflow" kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwe "gravestone gold" kubva padombo. Ichi chisarudzo chekuisa zvinhu hachina mari kuti chigadziriswe.

Mitemo Yekugadzira Silkscreen Inokanganisa Hunhu Hwekugadzira

Kukura kweHunhu uye Kudhindwa Kwazvo

Kutyorwa kwehunhu hwesilkscreen kunoita kuti pave nezviratidzo zvisingaverengeki zvinokanganisa kuteverwa, kunyorwa kwekutevedzera mitemo, uye kuzivikanwa kwemushandisi. Mitemo iyi inobva muzvirambidzo zvekudhinda:

Hunhu hwakareba hwe1.0mm hunoda upamhi hwemutsetse hunosvika 0.20mm. Upamhi hwemutsetse hwe0.10mm hunoda hurefu hunosvika 0.50mm. Hunhu hune upamhi hwemutsetse huri pasi pe0.08mm hahukwanise kudhinda — inki haigone kuvhara mipata iri pakati nepakati pakudhinda — zvichiburitsa mitsetse yakatyoka isingaonekwe muEDA asi inofungidzirwa kubva pa geometry chete.

Sarudzo yekugadzira: isa EDA silkscreen layer global defaults kusvika pahurefu hwemavara hushoma hwe1.0mm uye upamhi hwemutsara hushoma hwe0.15mm. Batidza DRC printability ye silkscreen usati waburitsa zvinobuda.

Mavara ari paSMD Pads

Zvishandiso zveEDA zvinoisa mareferensi pachikamu chepakati pechinhu, izvo zve 0402 ne 0201 passives zvinogara zvichiisa mavara panzvimbo dzepad. Inki iri pamusoro pechinhu chinosonerwa inokanganisa kunyorova kwesolder. Iri idambudziko rekugadzira mafaira — resolution iri kushandisa silkscreen-to-SMD-pad DRC check sedanho rekutanga repre-output uye kutamisa kusawirirana kwese usati wagadzira Gerbers.

Girazi rePasi uye Kusimbiswa kweFaira

Sikirini yesiriki yepasi inofanira kuratidzwa muGerber output. Tarisa uchishandisa Gerber viewer yakazvimirira, kwete EDA native view. Uyewo simbisa kuti hapana zvinhu zvesirikini yesiriki zvakaiswa netsaona pa copper layers - zero-width copper traces pa silkscreen layer zvinoburitsa phantom copper features muGerber.

Sarudzo dzekugadzira Mask dzeSolder Dzinosarudza Goho reKuungana

Mitemo Yehukuru Hwekuvhura Mask

Chifukidzo chinoputira chakatenderedza padhi rega rega chinosarudza nzvimbo yemhangura inoputirwa uye dhamu remask rinodzivisa mabhiriji anoputirwa. Aya ndiwo magadzirirwo ezvigadziko zvetsoka ane mhedzisiro yakananga yekuunganidza:

• Kuwedzerwa kwemask kwakajairika: +0.05mm padivi rega rega (0.10mm yose pamusoro pemhangura yepedhi)
• Kupinza zvakanaka kweIC pa 0.40–0.50mm pitch: Deredza kusvika ku +0.025mm padivi rega rega kuti dhamu remasiki rirambe riri pakati pemapedhi ari pedyo
• Damu diki remamasiki pakati pemapedhi ari pedyo: 0.10mm; 0.075mm muganho wepamusoro. Pasi pe0.075mm, chidimbu chinotsemuka panguva yekuyerera kwemvura uye chinokonzera mabhiriji ekusonesa
• Kaburi kemasiki kadiki pane kepepa remhangura: Mask pamusoro pemipendero yemapedhi inoderedza nzvimbo inogoneka kutengeswa uye inobvisa kuyerera kwemvura — maburi emapedhi anofanira kuenzana kana kupfuura mhangura yemapedhi

Mapedhi eSMD paCopper Pour: Dambudziko reKusimbisa Kubuda Kwedhizaini

Kana maSMD component pads akagara panzvimbo dzinozadzwa necopper pour fill, mamwe maEDA tools anogadzira ma solder masks chete ema pads anotsanangurwa zvakajeka seSMD-type library elements — kwete ecopper inobva mu pour-derived. Ma pads iwayo anotumirwa akafukidzwa ne solder mask. Kuungana kunoita kuti majoini akaoma apfuure nekuyedzwa kwekupisa kwemukamuri uye akundikane pasi pekupisa.

Sarudzo yekugadzira: mushure mekugadzirwa kweGerber, vhura chikamu chemasiki chesolder mugirazi rakazvimiririra uye simbisa kuti padhi rega rega reSMD rine mukana - kunyanya kutarisa mapedhi ari pedyo kana mukati menzvimbo dzekudira.

Kurapa Mask

Pasina kutsanangurwa kwakajeka, mugadziri anoshandisa chitoro chavo chisina kurongeka. Sarudzo yedhizaini: mutsetse mumwe chete muzvinyorwa zvekugadzira unosanganisira zvese: "Zviratidzo zveSignal: mativi ese ari maviri akatenderwa. Zviratidzo zvekupisa mumapadhi ezvikamu: zvakavharwa uye zvakavharwa zvichienderana neIPC-4761 Type VII. Zviratidzo zvekuedza: mativi ese ari maviri akafumurwa."

Rondedzero yeBhodhi, Panelization, uye SET Array: Kugadzira Fekitori Floor

Rondedzero yeBhodhi: Murayiridzo Wakakwana Wekugadzira

Mutsetse webhodhi Gerber ifaira rekuisa muchina — rinoudza router kwekucheka. Kuti ive murairo wakakwana wekugadzira, mugadziri anofanirawo kupa: tsananguro yemucheto wapera (kwete nzira yekufambisa - nzvimbo ye2mm inofambiswa ne2mm bit ine 1mm offset), miganhu yekushivirira pane chimwe nechimwe chinhu, nzvimbo yakatarwa yedata (kwakabva X0/Y0 uko zviyero zvese zvinoyerwa), uye PTH/NPTH yekuchekwa kwese kwemukati.

Kune mapuranga ane rectangular, izvi zviri nyore. Kune mapuranga ane maburi, ma cutouts emukati, makona ane radius, kana mipendero isina orthogonal, mugadziri anofanira kupa mufananidzo wemakanika pamwe chete neGerber, achinyora zviyero zvese zvakakosha zvine tolerances, datum point, uye cutout specifications. Pasina izvozvo, divimension error inoungana muzvinhu uye kugadzira kunoda mubvunzo wemugadziri usati watanga.

Panelization uye SET Arrays: Dhizaina kana kuti Rasa Kudzora

Kana mabhodhi achida kuungana kweSMT panel, kutsanangura marongerwo epanel ibasa rekugadzira — kwete kungoitwa nemugadziri wepanel. Mugadziri wepanel anogadzirisa kugadzirwa kwawo. Mugadziri anoziva kuti macapacitor eceramic anoiswa kupi pedyo nenzvimbo dzinogona kuputsika, kuti ndeapi ma edge-mount components anoda kubviswa munzira dzakatarwa dzekubvisa mapanel, uye kuti saizi ye conveyor rail yemutsetse we assembly ndeyei.

Njodzi huru dzekusiya tsananguro yepaneru kumugadziri:

• Ma capacitor eCeramic akaiswa mukati me5mm kubva panzvimbo dzekutyoka kwetabhu — kushushikana kunodzibvisa, nzira yekukundikana inoita mwedzi yakawanda mushure mekuiswa mumunda.
• Zvinhu zvemhangura zviri mukati me 0.50mm kubva pamitsetse ye V-score — V-score inoshayisa simba substrate uye inosimbisa mhangura painodonha.
• Maumbirwo ebhodhi asina kurongeka haana kuiswa matendere (achichinjana 0°/180°) kuderedza marara epaneru
• Zviyero zvechitima chepaneru hazvina kuenzana nehupamhi hwemuchina wekutakura zvinhu wetambo yegungano

Sarudzo yekugadzira: kune chero bhodhi rinoda kuunganidzwa kwepaneru yeSMT, sanganisira faira remagadzirirwo epaneru kana dhizaini inoratidza nzvimbo dzebhodhi uye marongero aro, nzvimbo dzeV-score kana tab-route uye kuti mipendero ipi inowana kurapwa kupi, saizi dzechitima (zvishoma 5mm), zvirevo zvefiducial (denderedzwa remhangura re1.0mm, kuvhurika kwemasikisi e2.0mm, zvisingasviki 5mm kubva kumucheto chero upi zvawo, nzvimbo yakajeka ye4mm), uye kwakabva paneru.

Copper-to-Edge Clearances

• Mupendero webhodhi remhangura nemechanical: 0.20mm zvishoma, 0.30mm inosarudzwa
• Mutsetse wemhangura kusvika kuV-score: 0.50mm zvishoma
• Ma capacitor eCeramic kusvika pakaputsika kwetabhu: 5.0mm shoma — tsanangura kupatsanurwa kwerouter uko izvi zvisingagone kuzadzikiswa

Kugadzirira Faira Rekugadzira: Kushandura Chinangwa Chekugadzira kuita Mirayiridzo Yekugadzira

Gerber Package seChinhu Chinodiwa Pakugadzira

Pakeji yemafaira eGerber ndiyo seti yakazara yemirairo yekugadzira. Kusanzwisisika kwese kunofanirwa kugadziriswa nemugadziri asati avaka kunowedzera nguva yekugadzirisa uye kunounza njodzi yekugadziriswa kusingaenderane nechinangwa chemugadziri. Kugadzirira mafaira ibasa rekugadzira, kwete basa rekunyora.

Zvinyorwa Zvekugadzira: Taura Zvaunoda

• Material: Giredhi rakazara uye Tg — “Isola 370HR, Tg min 180°C, isina halogen,” kwete “High-Tg FR4” (hazvina kunyatsojeka pakati pemagiredhi emutengesi)
• Zviyero zvemhangura padanho rega rega: "1oz yekunze mushure mekuputira; ½oz yemukati machira" — kwete "1oz yemhangura"
• Kupedzisa pamusoro nekushivirira: “ENIG pa IPC-4552, Ni 3–5µm, Au 0.05–0.10µm.” Kune zvinobatanidza zvemumucheto: “Goridhe rakasimba rakaputirwa nemagetsi, Au 0.75–1.25µm pamusoro peNi 3–5µm” — goridhe rakapfava reENIG rinopera mukati mezvinhu zvinobatanidza zviri pasi pe100.
• Kirasi yeIPC: Kirasi 2 (yakajairika) kana Kirasi 3 (yakavimbika zvakanyanya) — inosarudza kuputirwa kwemhangura shoma kuburikidza nemabara, zvinodiwa nemhete yeannular, uye mwero wekuongorora
• Kuburikidza nekurapa nerudzi: Kana zvisina kutaurwa, mugadziri anoshandisa imwe default kune ese kuburikidza nemhando
• Maumbirwo efaira reDrill: "PTH neNPTH mumafaira akasiyana" — inobvisa kusanzwisisika kwemafaira ekudhirowa kwakajairika
• Kudzorwa impedance: Zvinhu zvishanu zvese — layer, trace width, target, tolerance, reference plane names

Rondedzero Yekutarisa Pamberi Pekutumira

1. Kudhindwa kwesikirini yesimbi DRC — mavara ari pasi pe1.0mm kureba kana 0.15mm upamhi hwemutsetse hwakanyorwa uye hwagadziriswa
2. Silkscreen-to-SMD-pad DRC — zvese zvinopindirana zvinogadziriswa zvisati zvabuda
3. Acute angle DRC — angle constriction ≥90° yakavhurika; teardrops pa via uye pad junctions
4. Mhangura inoyangarara DRC — mhangura yese isina mambure yakapihwa, yabviswa, kana kunyorwa semaune
5. Kupatsanurana kweinternet DRC nekutarisa kupindirana kwenet imwe chete kwakagoneswa
6. Mutsetse webhodhi wakasimbiswa wakavharwa uye wapera — dhata rakatsanangurwa; nzvimbo dziri mufaira rekuboorera; zvidimbu zvese zvakanyorwa nemvumo yekutsungirira uye PTH/NPTH
7. PTH neNPTH mumafaira akasiyana ekudhirowa — zvakanyorwa muzvinyorwa zvekugadzira
8. Muoni weGerber akazvimirira ega: maburi emasiki esolder akasimbiswa pamapedhi ese eSMD kusanganisira nzvimbo dzekudira mvura
9. Kuburikidza nekurapa masiki kwakatsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvekugadzira
10. Dhirowa yekuisa paneli inosanganisirwa panodiwa kuunganidza mapaneru eSMT
11. Tsanangudzo yeImpedance yakakwana — zvinhu zvishanu zvese zviripo
12. Manotsi ekugadzira akakwana — zvinhu, huremu hwemhangura padanho rega rega, kupedzisa pamusoro, kirasi yeIPC, kuburikidza nekurapwa, noti yefaira rekuboorera

Ongororo yeHighleap's DFM uye Rutsigiro rweKugadzira

Highleap Electronics inosanganisira ongororo yeDFM sedanho rakajairika pane odha yega yega:

• Macheki otomatiki: Trace/nzvimbo, annular ring, acute angles, silkscreen printable, mask bridge width, drill-to-copper — inodzoserwa mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana ine coordinates uye severity ratings
• Ongororo yeinjiniya: Kusimbiswa kweStack-up impedance kunopesana ne prepreg chaiyo iripo, kukwana kwe slot hole, board outline datum uye tolerance review, panel layout feasibility — inotarisa kuti maturusi otomatiki haagone kutevedzera
• Kuungana kweDFM: Chiyero chenzvimbo yekuvhura stencil, QFN thermal pad specification, high-voltage clearance, component orientation — inoongororwa panguva imwe chete ne bare-board DFM kana gungano rarairwa.
• Mushumo weDFM wakanyorwa: Zvakakomba / zvikuru / zvidiki zvine mazano chaiwo ekugadzirisa uye maGerber coordinates

Tanga neQuote Yemahara Yakaongororwa neDFM