Iyo Yakadzama Nhungamiro yePCB Inoshanda Kuedza

ziviso

Mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs) ari pamwoyo wechinenge chigadzirwa chemagetsi nhasi. Ivo vanopa hwaro hwekukwira uye kubatanidza zvikamu kuunza dhizaini yehurongwa kuhupenyu. Nepo maPCB angaite seakapusa, anosanganisira dhizaini yakaoma, magadzirirwo ekugadzira uye magungano.

Izvi zvinoguma nemabhodhi akaomarara uye akaomarara anoda kunyatsoyedzwa kuti ave nechokwadi chemhando uye kuvimbika. PCB inoshanda yekuyedza imwe nzira yakakosha inoitwa pamabhodhi akaunganidzwa akazara kuti asimbise mashandiro avo.

Gwaro iri rinotarisa zvakadzama PCB inoshanda yekuyedza - zvazvinoreva, nzira, maturusi, kukosha uye basa mukufambisa kwekugadzira. Kune mainjiniya ekugadzira uye maneja emhando anoshanda pane zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvakakosha kuti uve nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwemaitiro ekuyedza maitiro uye maitiro.

Chii chinonzi PCB Functional Testing?

Kushanda kwekuyedza kunoreva kutarisa zvine hungwaru kune vanhu vakadhindwa edunhu bhodhi maassemblies (PCBAs) kuratidza kuti mabhodhi anoita mabasa avanoda nemazvo.

Zvinosanganisira kukurudzira zvinopinda zvebhodhi rakaunganidzwa nenzira inotevedzera mamiriro ayo chaiwo ekushanda uye kutarisa zvinobuda. Izvo zvinokurudzira zvekupinza uye mhinduro dzezvinobuda zvinobva zvafananidzwa nemaitiro anotarisirwa anoshanda ebhodhi.

Kuedza kunoshanda kunonangana nekusimbisa kuita kwese uye kushanda kwebhodhi rakaunganidzwa rakazara. Iyo inodarika chikamu-chikamu kana isina bhodhi kuyedzwa kuti uongorore iyo PCB senge inoshanda sisitimu.

Chinangwa ndechekubata chero hurema kana nyaya dzinogona kunge dzakatiza kuyedzwa kwekutanga, uye kuona kuti mabhodhi anoshanda akavimbika sezviri kutaurwa isati yatumirwa. Izvi zvinopa chekupedzisira chigadzirwa chemhando yekutarisa pakupera kwekugadzira maitiro.

Sei Kuita Kushanda Kuedza paPCBs?

Nepo maPCB achiitwa bvunzo dzakasiyana dzepakati panguva yekugadzira uye kubatanidza, bvunzo inoshanda inopa yakasarudzika uye yakakosha mabhenefiti:

Inosimbisa mashandiro ebhodhi rese: Miedzo yePCB yekare senge in-circuit test (ICT) inotarisa pane zvikamu. Kuedza kwekushanda kunoratidza mashandiro ebhodhi rese nemazvo.

Kubata zvikanganiso zvekubatanidza: Majoini asina kunaka ekugadzirisa, zvikamu zvisina kumira zvakanaka nezvimwewo zvinogona kudzivirira kuonekwa nekukurumidza. Kushanda kwemabhodhi pamitoro/mamiriro ezvinhu ekushanda kunoratidza izvi.

Inosimbisa kururama kwedhizaini: Bvunzo iyi inosimbisa kuti PCB inosangana nezvinodiwa zvese zvedhizaini, mashandiro uye zvinodiwa nedunhu.

Inotevedzera mamiriro ekushanda: Kukurudzira zvinopinda uye kutarisa zvinobuda mumamiriro ekushandiswa chaiwo kunoita kuti bhodhi rishande nemazvo mumunda.

Zvinodzivirira kutadza kushanda zvakanaka mumunda: Mabhodhi asina kunaka anowanikwa kuburikidza nekuyedza kushanda zvakanaka anogadziriswa kana kuraswa, zvichidzivirira kutadza kushanda zvakanaka mumunda nguva isati yakwana uye zvichichengetedza mari yekutengeswa mushure mekutengesa.

Inopa mhinduro pakugadzira: Chero matambudziko anowanikwa anobatsira kuvandudza dhizaini yebhodhi, maitiro ekubatanidza uye kusarudzwa kwezvikamu zvekuvaka mune ramangwana.

Saka, kuyedza kunoshanda ndiyo yekupedzisira mhando uye cheki yekuvimbika inoitwa pamabhodhi anogadzirwa isati yatumirwa kune vatengi. Iyo inhanho yakakosha muPCBA yekugadzira mafambiro.

PCB Functional Testers

Yakazvitsaurira inoshanda bvunzo michina inoshandiswa kuita PCB inoshanda yekuyedza nenzira yakarongeka uye otomatiki. A functional tester ine:

• Test Fixture - Chimiro chemuchina chakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza PCB pasi pekuyedzwa uye kubatanidza zvakakodzera mapoinzi ebvunzo anodiwa pabhodhi kune anoedza.
• Interface -Iyo electromechanical interface inosangana nebvunzo node pabhodhi. Nzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira "mubhedha-wezvipikiri" mapini kana misoro yebvunzo inobhururuka.
• Signal Sources - Izvi zvinogadzira kusimudzira kwemagetsi kubhodhi, kutevedzera zvinopinda mumamiriro chaiwo ekushanda. Zvakajairika zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira basa jenareta, magetsi emagetsi nezvimwe.
• Measurement Equipment - Zviridzwa zvakaita seoscilloscopes, multimeters nezvimwe zvakabatanidzwa kune tester nzira kuyera PCB zvinobuda.
• Chinja Matrix - Chinja masaini masaini kubva kune masosi kuenda kuPCB yekupinda uye mhinduro kubva kuPCB kuenda kumidziyo yekuyera.
• Chirongwa Chekuyedza -Software inoronga dhizaini yetesta uye inoita otomatiki bvunzo kutevedzana zvichienderana nedhizaini yebhodhi.
• PC uye Display - Komputa inomhanyisa software yekuyedza nepo chiratidziro chinoratidza mhinduro uye mishumo yebvunzo.

Vamwe vaedzi vanopa maficha akaita semuganho scan uye JTAG yekuyedza masimba zvakare ekuronga uye kugadzirisa mabhodhi. High-end testers inobatanidza akawanda bvunzo zviridzwa mupuratifomu imwe chete kuti ipe yakakwana PCB yekuongorora mashandiro.

PCB Inoshanda Kuedza Maitiro

Kune akasiyana siyana anoshanda ekuyedza matekiniki anoshandiswa nevagadziri vePCB:

Power-On Testing

Iyo isina diki nzira yekuyedza bhodhi ndeyekungoisimbisa kumusoro uye kutarisa kana zvinhu zvemukati senge maLED, zviratidziro, mafeni anoshanda sezvaitarisirwa. Izvi zvinopa kukurumidza kwekutanga kuenda/kwete-kuenda bvunzo asi inoshaya kunyatso.

Chinyorwa Kuedzwa

Mabhodhi anoshandiswa nemaoko mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu chaihwo uye mafungu emhepo anobuda anotariswa pane oscilloscopes. Kunyange izvi zvichigona kuyedza kushanda, zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nehunyanzvi hwemuongorori.

Zvoga Kuedzwa

Izvi zvinoshandisa yakazvitsaurira tester setup. Masaini ekuisa akarongwa anomutsa PCB nepo zvinobuda zvichitorwa nekuongororwa kuti zvionekwe kuti ndizvo here. Zvakakwana otomatiki maitiro.

Kusvirwa Mukuedza

Kumhanyisa mabhodhi ane vanhu kwenguva yakareba pane akakwira voltages uye tembiricha kusefa kunze kwakadzikama kukanganisa uye kutadza kwekutanga. Inopa kukurumidza hupenyu bvunzo.

Margin Testing

Inosanganisira kuyedza bhodhi pakushanda zvakanyanyisa kupfuura zvezita mamiriro ekutarisa kushanda uye dhizaini miganho. Inobatsira pakuchengetedza-yakakosha maapplication.

Kuzvidzora Kuedzwa

Kumhanyisa zvakare bvunzo yakamboitwa inoshanda zvakare mushure mekuchinja kwedhizaini kana kuitazve kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro aripo haana kukanganiswa.

In-Circuit Emulation

Inoshandisa emulator probe Hardware inonangana nebvunzo mapoinzi. Emulators anoteedzera akabatana machipisi senge mamicrocontrollers asingade iwo chaiwo zvikamu zvakagarwa.

Kuti uwedzere kuvharika kwehurema uye vimbiso yekuvimbika, musanganiswa wenzira dzekuyedza unogona kushandiswa kurovedza mabhodhi zvakakwana.

Kuita PCB Inoshanda Kuedza

Kuti uite bvunzo dzinoshanda nemazvo, vagadziri vePCB vanofanirwa kufunga nezve izvi:

Kuvharwa Kwebvunzo - Tsanangura zviyero zvekuvharwa kwebvunzo zvakaita sehuwandu hwemambure ebhodhi kana zvikamu zvezvigadziko zvakasimbiswa kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zvemhando yepamusoro.

Kupinda Muedzo - Isa mapoinzi ekuyedza, mavias nezvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira-kwe-bvunzo (DFT) kuti muedzo apinde panguva yekurongeka.

Chigadziko Chekuyedza - Gadzira zvigadziriso zvakagadzirirwa zvakanangana nechimiro chebhodhi kuti zvibatane zvakachengeteka nechinhu chinoyedza.

Chirongwa Chekuyedza - Gadzira software yekumhanyisa otomatiki simulations uye yekusimbisa maitiro ebhodhi zvichibva pane schematics/netlists.

Kuongorora - Zvishandiso zvekuona zvikonzero zvikuru uye nzira dzekukundikana kana mabhodhi akakundikana bvunzo yekushanda.

Kutevedza - Masisitimu ekubatanidza mhedzisiro kumashure kune maitiro ekugadzira uye nhamba dzePCB dzega dzega dzekutevera mhando.

Kubatanidzwa Kwemaitiro - Isa bvunzo dzinoshanda panzvimbo dzakakodzera mukati memafambiro ekugadzira mabhodhi ekupedzisa.

Kudzora Maitiro Ekuverenga Nhamba - Shandisa nzira dzekuverenga nhamba dzakadai semaindices ekugona kutarisa mashandiro ebvunzo uye kuita kuvandudzwa kunotungamirwa nedata.

Kugadzirisa - Gadzirisa maitiro ekuedza nguva nenguva kuti uderedze nguva yekutenderera kana kuvandudza kufukidzwa kwebvunzo. Shandisa bvunzo dzakabatana kana zvichibvira.

Nekunyatsoronga, kuyedza kunoshanda kunogona kunyatsobatanidzwa mukati memitsara yekugadzira pasina mhedzisiro yekubuda.

Basa reKushanda Kuedza muPCB Kugadzira Kushanda Kwekushanda

Inoshanda bvunzo inozadzisa sutu yematanho ekusimbisa anoitwa kuburikidza nekugadzira, kusangana uye kubatanidza maitiro:

Kusimbiswa kweDhizaini - Tevedzera uye gadzirisa dhizaini yePCB pakutanga uchishandisa mamodheru eSPICE usati wagadzira prototyping.

Kuedza Mhando dzeMagadzirirwo - Gadzira uye edza mhando dzemainjiniya kuti usimbise mashandiro echinhu usati watanga kugadzira huwandu hwezvinhu.

Kuyedzwa kweBhodhi Risina Vanhu - Edza mabhodhi asina vanhu kuti uone kana paine zvikanganiso zvakaita semabhurugwa mapfupi, maburi akavhurika, kana zvikanganiso zveimpedance.

Kuongororwa kweMukati meDunhu - Tarisa nzvimbo dzezvikamu zvega zvega uye majoini esolder mushure mehuwandu hwevanhu kuburikidza nekuongorora kwemagetsi.

Kuedzwa kweKubatana kweBhodhi - Ongorora ma bond ewaya/mabhora e solder ari muma IC akabatanidzwa kuti uone kana paine zvikanganiso.

Kuedza Kuskena Muganho - Shandisa masero eskena muganho kuti uone zvikanganiso uye uone wiring yebhodhi.

Kuongorora Poindi nePoindi - Tarisa kuenderera mberi pakati penzvimbo dzekuyedza kuti ubate zvikanganiso zvekuunganidza.

Kuedza Kushanda - Simbisa mashandiro ebhodhi rese pasi pemamiriro emagetsi ekushanda.

Kuongororwa kweKupisa-Mukati - Shandisa mabhodhi kwenguva yakareba kuti udzivise kufa kwevacheche.

Kubatanidzwa Kwemasisitimu - Edza mashandiro ePCB kana yabatanidzwa mukati mesisitimu yese.

Nekudaro, kuyedza kunoshanda kunopa yekupedzisira kuita uye kuvimbika yekuongorora nhanho mabhodhi asati abatanidzwa mune zvekupedzisira zvigadzirwa.

Mabhenefiti eAutomated Functional Testing

Nepo bvunzo dzemanyorero dzinogoneka kumabhodhi akareruka, otomatiki kuyedza uchishandisa chigadziriso kunounza zvakakosha mabhenefiti:

Kudzokorora - Kunobvisa kusiyana kubva pakuedza nemaoko uye kunopa mamiriro ekukurudzira anowirirana.

Kuchinja-chinja - Masisitimu ekuyedza anogona kurongwa kuti ayedze mabhodhi akasiyana-siyana nemazvo.

Kukwanisa Kukura - Misoro yekuyedza yakafanana inobvumira mabhatani emapuranga kuti ashande panguva imwe chete kuti akwanise kuburitsa simba rakawanda.

Kusvikika - Zvishandiso zvinogonesa kuongorora mabhodhi akazara nevanhu vakawanda uko kwakaoma kupinda nemaoko.

Kuramba uchitarisa - Zviyero zvakakosha zvinogona kutariswa nguva dzose panguva yekuedza zvichienzaniswa nekutarisa nemaoko nguva nenguva.

Kuvimbika - Kuedza otomatiki kunodzivirira zvikanganiso zvevanhu uye kusatarisa.

Kutevedzana - Mhedzisiro inosanganisira nguva yakatarwa uye zvinyorwa zvekuongorora zvikanganiso.

Kuongorora - Maitiro ekushandisa otomatiki anogona kuona nemazvo mambure asina kunaka kana zvikamu zvekuongorora.

Kugadzirisa - Kuongororwa kwebvunzo, kutevedzana uye miganhu zvinogona kunatswa zvichibva pamhedzisiro yekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka.

Kuunganidzwa kwedata - Huwandu hwakawanda hwedata rekuyedza hunogona kuunganidzwa pamwe chete uye kucherwa kuti uwane ruzivo rwekugadzira.

Nekudaro, automated functional testers, kunyangwe ichida mari yekutanga, inobhadhara mibairo kuburikidza nemhando yepamusoro, goho uye kuvimbika.

Functional Testing vs In-Circuit Testing yePCBs

PCB inoshanda yekuyedza dzimwe nguva inokanganisika kuve yakafanana neye-in-circuit bvunzo. Nepo ese ari maviri achitarisa mabhodhi ane vanhu, mimwe misiyano yakakosha iripo:

• Danho - ICT inoitwa panguva yekugadzira, nepo kushanda kwekuedza kunoitwa pamapuranga akapedzwa.
• Scope - ICT inotarisa zvikamu zvega zvega apo bvunzo inoshanda inosimbisa bhodhi rese kushanda.
• Stimulus - ICT inoshandisa mubhedha-wezvipikiri kuongorora mambure. Kuedza kunoshanda kunopa masaini chaiwo ekuisa.
• Configurability - ICT ine zvigadziriso zvepini. Kuongorora kunoshanda kunoshandisa zviridzwa zvinogoneka.
• Coverage - ICT inowana mashoma ebvunzo node zvichienderana nekugadzirisa dhizaini. Kushanda bvunzo kunogona kunanga kunodiwa node.
• Diagnostics - ICT inonyanya kuona nyaya dzegungano sezvikamu zvisipo kana mabhiriji. Kushanda bvunzo kunoratidza bhodhi performance performance.
• Kutadza kubatwa - ICT inowana hurema hunobva kuSMT uye gungano remanyorero. Kushanda kuedza kunobata kukanganisa kwekugadzira zvakare.

Nekudaro, nepo ICT ichitarisa pamhando yegungano, bvunzo inoshanda inopa dhizaini yekusimbisa uye kusimbiswa kwekuita. Nzira mbiri idzi dzinopindirana mumaketani ekugadzira.

Inoshanda Kuedza Zvigadziriso zvePCBs

Inoshanda bvunzo zvigadziriso zvinochengetedza bhodhi uye zvinopa iyo yemagetsi interface kune iyo tester hardware. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kutariswa panguva yekugadzira gadziriso ndezvi:

Interface - Ma probe etsono, ma spring probe kana ma pogo pini anowanzo shandiswa kubata ma test nodes ari pama board. Zero insertion force connectors inobvumira kubatana ne fixture pasina kushandisa simba rakawandisa pama board.

Kurongeka kwezviratidzo - Kubatanidza magetsi mapfupi pakati penzvimbo dzinosangana, matrix yekuchinjana uye michina yekuyera uchishandisa matambo, mapuraneti epcb kana malink akaiswa mukati memuviri wezvishandiso.

Kupinda kweManodhi - Iva nechokwadi chekuti pane nzvimbo dzakavhurika uye maburi akakwana munzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu kuti pave nekubatanidza mapurobe ekuyedza nemanodhi ese anodiwa pamusoro nepamativi ebhodhi.

Kubata kwakasimba - Shandisa maclamp, mabhureki, mavise uye mastops kuti ubate mabhodhi zvakasimba panguva yekubata nekuyedza.

Kunyoresa - Tsvaga mabhodhi nemazvo munzvimbo uye gadzirisa ma interface points uchishandisa mapini, ma guides, maburi uye nzvimbo dze datum.

Kuchinjana - Zvikamu zvemodular zvinokurumidza kuchinja zvinobvumira kugadzirisazve zvigadziriso zviri nyore kune marudzi akasiyana emabhodhi.

Kugara kwenguva refu - Shandisa zvinhu zvakaoma, zvisingakanganisike zvakaita sesimbi nemapolymers epamusoro kuti zvive zvakarongeka mukati menguva dzekuedzwa dzinodzokororwa.

Kuchengetedza - Bvisa bhodhi padivi uchishandisa magetsi uchishandisa chidziviriro uye kuderedza kupindira kwekunze.

Kuchengetedzeka - Dzivirirai vanobata basa kubva pamagetsi akawandisa ari pachena. Dzivirira njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekukomba, kupisa zvakanyanya kwemidziyo nezvimwewo.

Zvigadziriso zvekuyedza zvinotora basa rakakosha mukugonesa kudzokororwa, kushanda zvakanaka uye kwakachengeteka kuita bvunzo pasina kukuvara kwebhodhi.

Dhizaini-ye-Muedzo (DFT) Mazano eKushanda Kwekuedza

Mamwe akadhindwa edunhu dhizaini dhizaini-ye-yedzo zvigadziriso zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kana mabhodhi anoedzwa kushanda:

Nzvimbo dzekuyedza - Isa nzvimbo dzekuyedza/mapedhi akagadzirirwa akabatana nema node emukati anoda kuongororwa panguva yekuyedza kushanda. Izvi zvinodzivirira kuongororwa kwezvikamu zvakaparadzana uye nzira dzekufambisa.

Mambure akakosha - Tsvaga ma analog anonzwisisa uye ma frequency akakwira anowanzo sangana neruzha woaendesa kure neruzha. Anowedzera mukana wekuti usapinda paari.

Kudzora Kudzivirira Kwemhepo - Chengetedza ma "trace impedances" kuti aenderane nekwaanotarisirwa kubva uye "load impedances" nekuisa saizi yema "traces" zvakakodzera. Kudzivirira matambudziko e "signal reflection".

Kudzokorodza - Ipa nzira dzekuedza dzekudzoka kumatanho ekuyera kuti ushandise simba uye usimbise nzira. Inobatsira mabhazi nema interfaces.

Maitiro ekuyedza - Anosanganisira maitiro ekuyedza akavakirwa mukati anogona kushandiswa kushandura block kubva kune yakajairika kuenda kune mamiriro ekuyedza uye kugonesa kupinda muma node emukati.

Kupinda Nesimba - Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu nenzvimbo dzekuyedza zviri nyore kusvika. Dzivisa zvipingamupinyi kubva kuzvikamu zvirefu zvakasungirirwa pedyo.

Kudzika pasi - Isa mapuraneti epasi uye kudzika pasi kwakasimba kuderedza ruzha rwekubatanidza panguva yekuedza kana mafungu emvura apinzwa.

Ma capacitor eBypass - Wedzera ma capacitor eBypass/Decoupling akakwana ekudzora voltage iri mubhodhi panguva yekuedza kwemagetsi.

Kutevedzera - Ita circuit simulation yenzira dzakakosha uye mhinduro kubva ku prototype testing kuti uone ma node anodiwa kuti zviongororwe.

Kubatanidza zviyero zvekuyedza zvakadaro panguva yePCB dhizaini inogonesa kunyatsoshanda kuyedza uye kuongororwa kwenyaya.

Zvishandiso uye Mienzaniso yeKushanda Kwekuyedza

Kushanda kuyedzwa kunogamuchirwa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzePCB dzine vanhu vakawanda uye magungano emagetsi kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwavo:

Mabhodhi ekudzora - Kuedza maPLC, madhiraivha emota uye makadhi ekudzora nekutevedzera mapipi emuchina wemagetsi uye kutarisa masaini ekudzora.

Mabhodhi eTelecom - Kupa mapatani ekuyedza bit error rate kumakadhi e network interface uye kuongorora madhayagiramu emaziso ekubuda uye fomati yeprotocol.

Zvishandiso zvemagetsi - Kuisa mitoro inoshanduka pamabhodhi ekushandura uye kuyera hunhu hwe transient voltage/current response.

Zvemagetsi zvekurapa - Kuedzwa kunoshanda kwemasisitimu ekutarisa nekutora mifananidzo yevarwere nekupa zviratidzo zve bio-signals zvakaedzwa uye kuongorora mienzaniso yedhijitari.

Zvemagetsi zvemotokari - Kuedza mayuniti ekudzora injini uye ma controllers emuviri nekushandisa zvinopinda mumotokari zvakaita seRPM, tembiricha, nzvimbo yekubata mabhureki nezvimwewo.

Mabhodhi eAvionics - Zvinokurudzira vanodzora kufamba nedata reGPS sensor uye zvinotarisa kugadzikana kwezviratidzo zvinobuda.

Mabhodhi eIoT - Kusimbisa mashandiro ekuona, kugadzirisa uye kutaurirana kwemabhodhi eInternet-of-Things ane masaini akakodzera enzvimbo.

Nekudaro, kuyedza kunoshanda kunopa nhanho yekuvimbisa inodiwa kuendesa maPCB mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzakakosha maapplication uye ekupedzisira-zvigadzirwa.

Matambudziko Akabatana nePCB Inoshanda Kuedza

Kunyange iri nzira yakakosha yekuyedza, mamwe matambudziko anogona kumuka paunenge uchiita bvunzo dzinoshanda dzinoda kudzikiswa:

• Kuwana mukana kune dense bhodhi marongero uye miniature zvikamu uchishandisa fixture interface probes.
• Kubata yakakwira pini kuverenga kweakaomesesa mabhodhi uye refu bvunzo nguva dzakabatanidzwa.
• Kuwana yakakwana yekuvhara yekuvhara yemabhodhi akabatanidzwa zvakanyanya ane zvinorongwa zvishandiso senge microcontrollers.
• Kuongorora zvikonzero zvekutadza kushanda kubva kumagetsi ekuongorora data.
• Kudzokororwa kupfeka uye kubvarura kweinterface probes zvichikonzera kusawirirana kwekusangana panguva yekuyedzwa.
• Kutsvaga ese akasiyana zviridzwa anodiwa uye nekuabatanidza iwo mushe mune inoshanda bvunzo setup.
• Emulating ese ekushandiswa kwemunda mamiriro panguva yefekitori inoshanda bvunzo.
• Kudzivirira kubatanidzwa kweruzha kana mabhodhi aine inonzwisisika yakasanganiswa-chiratidzo uye radio frequency (RF) maseketi.
• Kugadzirisa uye kuongorora huwandu hukuru hwe data rekuyedza rakagadzirwa.

Nekudaro, nekufambira mberi kuri kuitika mudhizaini-ye-yedzo, otomatiki bvunzo michina, interface tekinoroji uye analytics, inoshanda bvunzo masisitimu ari kuenderera mberi kuti aite zvinhu izvi.

mhedziso

Kushanda kuyedza kunopa kusimbiswa kwekupedzisira kweakadhindwa akadhindwa edunhu bhodhi magungano, kuve nechokwadi kuti vaunza mashandiro avo avanoda pamberi pekutakura kwevatengi. Iyo inozadzisa iyo sutu yekusimbisa bvunzo inoshandiswa mukati mekugadzira, kuungana uye kusanganisa mafambiro.

Nemadhizaini emazuva ano akarongedzerwa uye epamusoro-soro anosanganisira maIC akaomesesa uye mamiriro ekushanda, kuyedzwa kwekushanda kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chemhando. Kana ikaitwa nemazvo, inoisa chivimbo chekuti mabhodhi achashanda zvakavimbika munzvimbo dzawo dzekushanda mukati menguva refu.

Automated functional testers inobvumira kuita zvinodzokororwa, zvakanaka-grained uye data-hupfumi kusimbiswa uku uchibvisa opareta subjectivity. Kudyara kwekutanga kwakanyatso kurongeka nekudzivirira kwekupukunyuka, kutadza kwemunda uye mari inosanganisirwa yekugadzirisa.

Nekuongorora misimboti uye maitiro akanakisa akafukidzwa mugwaro iri, zvikwata zveinjiniya zvinogona kugadzira yakanyatsoshanda yekuyedza nzira yakarongedzerwa kune yavo chaiyo PCB application zvinodiwa uye zvimhingamipinyi. Izvi zvichaenda kure mukuita kuti mutengi agutsikane nekudzivirira mabhodhi asina kukwana kuti asasvike kumagumo-zvigadzirwa.

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