Mhando dzeMichina yePCB Soldering: Reflow, Wave, uye Sarudzo dzeMidziyo

Muchina wePCB wekusonerera imuchina wekugadzira unoshandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu muchikamu chakakura, kazhinji ovheni yeSMT inodzokororwa, sisitimu yekusonerera yewave yeburi rinopinda, kana muchina wekusarudza wekusonerera wemabhodhi akasanganiswa. Muchina wega wega unogadzirisa dambudziko rakasiyana rekugadzira, saka sarudzo chaiyo inoenderana nemusanganiswa webhodhi, bandwidth inobuda, thermal sensitivity, uye njodzi yekukanganisa. Gwaro iri rinoenzanisa mhando huru dzemuchina wePCB wekusonerera, rinotsanangura kuti maitiro ese anokodzera riini, uye rinoratidza kuti Highleap Electronics inoashandisa sei muSMT nemuburi rinopinda.

1. Ndedzipi mhando huru dzemichina yekusonesa?

Michina mitatu mikuru yekugadzira soldering ndeye reflow ovens (yezvinhu zvinosungirirwa pamusoro), michina inosungirirwa pamusoro (yezvinhu zvinosungirirwa pamusoro), uye michina yakasarudzwa inosungirirwa (yezvikamu zvinopinda mukati zviri pamabhodhi zvinotakurawo zvikamu zvinosungirirwa pamusoro). Imwe neimwe inopa solder yakanyungudutswa nenzira yakasiyana, ndosaka mhando yezvikamu zviri pabhodhi rako, kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu, ichisarudza kuti muchina upi unoshandiswa.

Mabhodhi emazuva ano anowanzoiswa pamusoro pevhu, saka kudzokorodza (reflow) ndiyo inonyanya kushanda, ine wave kana selective soldering inowedzerwa kana paine through-hole connectors, large capacitors, kana mechanical parts. Kuchinjana pakati penzira dzethrough-hole kunoongororwa zvakanyanya mukuenzanisa uku kwe reflow vs wave soldering.

2. Kubatanidzazve: mashandisirwo anoitwa mabhodhi eSMT

Kudzoreredza zvisungo zvinosungirirwa pamusoro pemabhodhi nekudhinda chisungo chinosungirirwa pamusoro pemapad, kuisa zvikamu zvacho, uye kupfuudza bhodhi nepaovheni inodzoreredzwa ine tembiricha inodzorwa inonyungudutsa chisungo kuitira kuti majoini ese aumbe panguva imwe chete. Ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi emazuva ano nekuti zvikamu zvese zvemazuva ano zvinosungirirwa pamusoro pemabhodhi, uye zvinobatanidza bhodhi rese nenzira imwe chete, inodzokororwa.

Hunhu hwekudzokororwa kwemvura hunobva pachimiro chetembiricha — kupisa, kunyorova, kukwirira pamusoro penzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwealloy, wozodzora kutonhora — iyo ovheni yekudzokororwa kwemvura inochengetwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopisa kuitira kuti zvikamu zvikuru nezvidiki zvese zvisvike patembiricha yakakodzera pasina kupisa zvakanyanya. Kudziisa uku kwakagadzirwa, kwemativi ese-kufanana ndiko chaiko kusingakwanise kuenzaniswa nebenchtop hot plate, uye ndosaka kugadzira kusungirirwa kwemvura inoyerera kuchiita kuti pave nemajoini akafanana muzviuru zvemabhodhi. Mushure mekudzokororwa kwemvura, AOI neX-ray zvinosimbisa majoini, kusanganisira akavanzwa pasi peBGAs.

3. Kubatanidza mafungu nekusarudza maburi ekushandisa mafungu

Shandisa wave soldering kana bhodhi riine majoini akawanda anopinza maburi kuti rigosungirirwa panguva imwe chete, uye shandisa selecting soldering kana zvikamu zvishoma zvinopinda maburi zviri pakati pezvinhu zvisingafaniri kukanganiswa. Majoini ese ari maviri anopinza maburi, asi anoshandisa solder zvakasiyana, uye musiyano iwoyo unosarudza kuti ndeipi inokodzera bhodhi rako.

Kubatanidza mafungu kunopfuudza pasi pebhodhi rose nepaburi rakanyungudutswa, kuchibatanidza pfundo rega rega rakavhurika muburi rimwe chete — nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kana paine kubatana kwakawanda kwepfundo. Kusanganisa kwakasarudzwa kunoendesa muromo mudiki, wakarurama wekubatanidza kune majoini ega ega, inova nzira chaiyo kana bhodhi rakanyanya kuiswa pamusoro nezvikamu zvishoma zvepfundo izvo kusanganisa mafungu kunoisa pakupisa kwakanyanya kana bhiriji. Muchokwadi, bhodhi rine SMT yakakora uye zvibatanidza zvishoma inyaya yekusanganisa, nepo bhodhi rine mitsara yemapini epfundo rinoshandisa mafungu.

4. Kubatanidza michina vs kusanganisa nemaoko: nguva yekushandisa ipi

Shandisa kusungirira muchina kuti uwane mhando inodzokororwa uye chero huwandu chaihwo, uye shandisa kusungirira nemaoko chete pakugadzira ma prototypes, kugadzirisa patsva, kugadzirisa, uye majoini mashoma asina kunaka. Musiyano uripo ndewekuenderana uye kukura: muchina unoshandisa maitiro akadzorwa, akanyorwa pajoini rega rega zvakafanana, nepo kusungirira nemaoko kunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwemushandisi uye hakugone kuenzana nekudzokororwa ikoko mumabhodhi akawanda.

Kusonerera nemaoko kunoramba kuripo — kuvaka prototype imwe chete, kugadzirisazve joint isina kunaka, kubatanidza chikamu chisingakodzeri maitiro ega, uye rudzi rwekusonerera kwePCB kwakakosha kunofanirwa kuzivikanwa nemainjiniya ese. Asi pakugadzira, kusonerera nemuchina kunobudirira pakubudirira, kumhanya, uye kutevedza, uye ndiyo chete nzira inoshanda yekubata zvikamu zve fine-pitch neBGA zvakavimbika. Kuvimba nekusonerera nemaoko kupfuura chikamu che prototype ndiko kunotambura mhando uye throughput zvese, inova chidzidzo chimwe chete chinowanikwa mukugadzirwa kazhinji — nzira dzebhenji hadzikure.

5. Kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvekugadzirisa simbi nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro ekudzivirira zvikanganiso izvi

Muchina wega wega wekusonesa une zvikanganiso zvawo: kudzoreredza mvura kunowanzo gadzira matombo ekuva, maburiji, uye maburi; kusonesa mafungu kunogadzira mabhiriji, maburi echando, uye maburi asina kukwana; uye kusonesa kwakasarudzwa kunogona kusiya matambudziko asina kukwana ekuzadza kana matambudziko ane chekuita nekugara. Kuziva kuti ndeipi zvikanganiso zviri muhurongwa upi ndiko kunoita kuti mugadziri agadzirise muchina pane kutevera zviratidzo, uye zvinotsanangura kuti nei kusarudza maitiro uye kudzora maparamendi kuchikosha zvakanyanya:

Nyaya yakajairika ndeyekuti zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvinogona kudzivirirwa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwepedhi uye tsoka pamwe chete nema parameter akakodzera emuchina, kwete rombo rakaipa. Kucherwa kwematombo mumakuva mukudzokorora, semuenzaniso, kunobva mukupisa kusina kuenzana kana mapedhi asina kuenzana achidhonza chip chidiki chakamira, nepo mabhiriji emafungu achiwanzotevera marongerwo asingateereri gwara rinofambwa nebhodhi pamusoro pemafungu. Ndokusaka marongerwo akaongororwa emaitiro ekusonesa anotarisirwa achibereka zviri nani kupfuura akakandwa pamusoro pemadziro - pfungwa imwechete iri shure kwekutarisa chero matambudziko ekugadzira akajairika . Mushure mekusonesa, majoini anosarudza kuvimbika anosimbiswa neAOI uye, kune majoini akavanzwa, X-ray, pane kufunga kuti akanaka, inova hwaro hwekuongorora kwePCB kwakavimbika.

6. Maitiro eHighleap ekusonesa mapuranga ako pahukuru

Mabhodhi eHighleap solder ane muchina wakakodzera webasa racho — kuyerera kweprofiled kwekuiswa pamusoro, uye kusungirirwa kwemafungu kana kusarudza kweburi — mukati mekuyerera kwegungano rimwe chete, zvichitsigirwa neAOI neX-ray inspection. Kuburikidza neSMT PCB assembly , zvikamu zvekusungirirwa pamusoro zvinoiswa uye zvinodzoserwa kune profile inodzorwa, nepo zviri mukati meburi zvichibatwa nemafungu kana kusarudza kusungirirwa zvichienderana nemusanganiswa webhodhi.

Nekuti muchina wekusonesa uri chikamu chemufananidzo chete, Highleap inouisa mukati memusangano we turnkey uyo unosanganisirawo kuwanikwa kwezvikamu, kuongororwa, uye kuyedzwa - saka bhodhi rinosvika rasunganidzwa, rasimbiswa, uye ragadzirira. Ongororo yekugadzira isati yagadzirwa inosimbisa kuti marongerwo anoenderana nemaitiro ekusonesa anotarisirwa usati watanga. Paunokumbira mutengo, cherechedza kana bhodhi iri rakagadzirwa neSMT chete kana kuti rakasanganiswa, zviri mukati megomba, uye vhoriyamu yako kuitira kuti maitiro ekusonesa ashandiswe.

7. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pemuchina wekunamira

Iron yekusonesa inofanira kuiswa patembiricha yakadii?

Pamabasa mazhinji emagetsi, simbi yekusonerera inoiswa pa315–370°C (600–700°F), yakakwirira kune isina lead pane lead solder uye kune majoini makuru ane thermal-mass. Kuderera zvakanyanya kunoita kuti majoini atonhora; mapedhi nezvimwe zvikamu zvikuvadzwe zvakanyanya.

Chii chinonzi muchina werobhoti kana wekuzvinyudza otomatiki?

Iyi sisitimu inogona kurongwa inofambisa muromo wesoldering kana laser kune rimwe nerimwe joint uye inoisa waya yesolder otomatiki, ichibatanidza majoints e through-hole ne connector otomatiki. Inovhara musiyano uripo pakati pe hand soldering ne full wave kana selective machines.

Michina yekusonesa inoshanda here nesonesa isina mutobvu?

Ehe — maovheni anodzokororwa, mafungu, uye michina yakasarudzwa zvese zvinoshandisa nzira dzisina mutobvu, zvichishandisa tembiricha yakakwira uye maprofile akakodzera ma alloys asina mutobvu. Kugadzirwa kunoenderana neRoHS hakuna mutobvu sezvakajairwa pamichina imwe chete, kwakagadzirwa nemazvo.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekusungirirwa nemaoko nekusungirirwa nemuchina pakugadzira?

Kubatanidza michina kunoshandisa nzira yakadzorwa uye yakanyorwa kune imwe neimwe joint zvakafanana, zvichipa goho rinogara riripo uye kubata zvikamu zveBGA neBGA; kusanganisa nemaoko kunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwemushandisi uye kunokodzera ma prototypes, kugadziriswa patsva, uye zvikamu zvisina kujairika.

Mabhodhi edunhu anotengeswa sei mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yakawanda?

Zvikamu zvinosungirirwa pamusoro pechinhu zvinodzokororwa mushure mekudhindwa nekuiswa paste, ipapo chero zvikamu zvinopinda nepaburi zvinowedzerwa newave kana selective soldering. Kuongorora otomatiki (AOI neX-ray) kunoongorora majoini, saka kuyerera kwese kunokurumidza uye kunodzokororwa.

Muchina mumwe chete unogona here kugadzira zvese SMT uye through-hole soldering?

Hapana muchina mumwe chete unoita zvese zviri zviviri — kudzoreredza mibato pamusoro pemvura uye kutenderedza mibato kana kusarudza — asi mutsetse wekugadzira unoabatanidza muzvikamu zvakatevedzana kuitira kuti bhodhi remusanganiswa wetekinoroji rive rakasungirirwa zvizere mukuyerera kumwe chete.