Nhungamiro Yakakwana Yekunzwisisa PLC Zvikamu

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) zvigadziriso zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri otomatiki uye kutonga masisitimu. Kuti unzwisise mashandiro anoita maPLC uye kukosha kwawo mumaindasitiri maitiro, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise iwo akakosha zvikamu. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora zvikamu zvikuru zvePLCs zvakadzama.

Kunzwisisa zvikamu zvePLC kunobatsira zvikuru kana chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakabatana nePCB build: ma terminal blocks, relay, optocouplers, uye power modules zvinofanirwa kurongwa nePCB layout limits uye PCBA assembly yekupedzisira.

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU):

Iyo Central Processing Unit, inowanzonzi CPU, ndiyo "uropi" hwePLC. Iyo ine basa rekuita chirongwa chekutonga uye kuita sarudzo zvichibva pane zvakaiswa kubva kumunda zvishandiso.

Mabasa eCPU:

• Kugadzirisa Logic: Iyo CPU inobata iyo yekudzora mantiki yakarongwa nemushandisi. Iyo inoongorora mamiriro ezvakaiswa, inoita mirairo yakarongwa, uye inogadzira zvinobuda.
• Kuchengetera Dhata: Iyo CPU inochengeta data renguva pfupi, kusanganisira yekupinda uye yekubuda kukosha uye yepakati mhedzisiro inodiwa pakudzora logic kuuraya.
• Kukurukurirana: MumaPLC anhasi, CPU inobata kutaurirana nemimwe michina, yakadai seHuman-Machine Interfaces (HMIs), mamwe maPLC, uye masisitimu ekutarisa (SCADA).
• Diagnostics: Inotarisisa hutano hwePLC system, ichitarisa zvikanganiso, zvikanganiso, uye nyaya dzehardware.

2. Input/Output (I/O) Modules:

Input/Output modules yakakosha pakudyidzana pakati pePLC nenyika yekunze. Ivo vanoshanda senzvimbo dzekubatanidza dzeakasiyana masensa, switch, actuators, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemunda.

Zvinokosha zveI/O Modules:

• Digital Inputs and Outputs: Aya mamodule anobata mabhanari masaini, senge pa/kudzima kana akakwira/akaderera nyika, akajairwa nemidziyo yakaita seyekumisikidza switch uye solenoid mavharuvhu.
• Analog Inputs and Outputs: Analog modules inobata nemasaini anoenderera, akadai sevoltage kana zvazvino, achibvumira maPLCs kuti abatane nemidziyo yakaita seye tembiricha sensors uye inosiyana yekumhanyisa madhiraivha.
• Specialty Modules: Mamwe maPLC anopa akasarudzika mamodule emamwe mabasa senge-kumhanya kuverenga, kutonga kwekufamba, uye mapuroteni ekutaurirana.

3. Rack uye Power Supply:

Iyo rack inopa chimiro chemuviri chekuisa zvinhu zvePLC, zvinosanganisira iyo CPU uye I/O modules. Iyo rack inouya muhukuru hwakasiyana, ichibvumira kuchinjika mukugara akasiyana ma module.

Zvinhu zvakakosha zveRack uye Power Supply:

• Kuwedzera: Zvichienderana nePLC modhi, racks inogona kuwedzerwa nekuwedzera mamwe maslots ekuwedzera I/O modules.
• Backplane: The backplane ibhazi rekutaurirana rinobatanidza CPU uye I / O modules, inobvumira kuchinjana kwedata.
• Power Supply: Iyo magetsi ekupa magetsi inovimbisa yakagadzikana sosi yeDC simba kune ese maficha ari mukati meiyo rack, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakodzera.

4. ndangariro:

PLCs dzinosanganisira dzakasiyana mhando dzendangariro dzekuchengeta data uye chirongwa chekuraira. Memory inogona kuiswa mumhando dzinotevera:

Mhando dzeMemory muPLCs:

• Chirongwa Memory (EPROM kana Flash): Iyi indangariro isiri-inotenderera inochengeterwa chirongwa chemushandisi. Kunyangwe iyo PLC ikarasikirwa nesimba, chirongwa chinoramba chakasimba.
• Dhata Memory (RAM): RAM inochengeta data renguva pfupi, kusanganisira yekupinda uye inobuda kukosha, zviverengero, nguva, uye mamiriro mireza. Iyo inovhuvhuta ndangariro uye inorasikirwa nedata kana simba rachekwa.
• Retentive Memory: Mamwe maPLC ane chikamu chendangariro chinochengeta data kunyangwe panguva yekurasikirwa kwemagetsi. Izvi zvakakosha pakuchengetedza hunhu senge zuva razvino uye nguva.

5. Human-Machine Interface (HMI):

Kunyange isiri yakavakirwa-mukati chikamu chePLC pachayo, iyo HMI chikamu chakakosha cheiyo control system. Iyo inoshanda senzira yevashandisi uye mainjiniya kuti vadyidzane nePLC uye kutarisa maitiro emaindasitiri.

Mabasa eHMI:

• Kuona: Iyo HMI inoratidza chaiyo-nguva data, maitiro akasiyana, maalarm, uye kutonga sarudzo mune mushandisi-ane hushamwari graphical fomati.
• Kudzora: Vashandisi vanogona kushandisa iyo HMI kutanga kana kumisa maitiro, gadzirisa seti, uye kudzora michina.
• Kudhirowa Kwedata: Mamwe maHMI anopa kugona kutema data, achibvumira data renhoroondo kuchengetwa nekuongororwa.
• Zvinotyisa: HMIs inogona kupa maaramu ekuona uye ekunzwa kuti azivise vashandisi kune mamiriro asina kujairika.

6. Communication Ports:

MaPLC anogona kunge aine zviteshi zvekutaurirana zvekubatanidza kune mamwe maPLC, maindasitiri network, supervisory control uye data acquisition (SCADA) masisitimu, kana yepamusoro-level control system. Aya madoko anogonesa kuchinjanisa data, kutarisa kure, uye kurongeka pakati peakawanda PLC.

7. Kuwedzera Racks uye Modules:

Kune akakura uye akaomarara masisitimu, ekuwedzera racks uye ma module anoshandiswa kuwedzera iyo PLC kugona. Izvi zvinobvumira kuwedzerwa kwemamwe maI/O mamodule, mamodule ekutaurirana, kana akasarudzika mamodule emabasa epamberi.

Kazhinji, kunzwisisa zvikamu zvePLC kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kuti zvishandiso izvi zvinoshandisa sei mashandiro eindasitiri. CPU inogadzira data, I/O modules inosangana nenyika yekunze, mapurogiramu ekuchengetedza memory nedata, uye rack nemagetsi zvinopa zvivakwa. Zvishandiso zveprogramming neHMIs zvinorerutsa kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu uye kudyidzana kwevanhu, nepo maport ekutaurirana achigonesa kuchinjana data. MaPLC anoramba achichinja, achipa maficha akavandudzwa uye kugona kusangana nezvinodiwa zve automation yemazuva ano yeindasitiri.

Kana chinodiwa ichi chichikanganisa kuburitswa kwemabhuku kana kuburitswa kwemabhuku, chienzanise nezvikamu zvebhodhi redunhu uye ongororo yeBOM sourcing usati watumira mafaira ekupedzisira kuti aongororwe.