Dhizaini yePCB yeEMF Meter Inotakurika: Kuvimbika kweSignali, Marongerwo uye Kugadzirwa kwePCBA

PCB inotakurika yeEMF meter PCB haina kujairika nekuti magetsi ari kugadzirwa anogona kugadzira mhando dzeminda dzakafanana nedzinotariswa nemudziyo. Maswitching regulators, maMCU wachi, ma display buses, USB, waya dzemagetsi uye high-current LED kana buzzer loops zvese zvinogona kuva manyuko ekupindira kwemukati. Saka, marongerwo ePCB, power architecture uye mechanical sensor placement zvine hukama hwakananga nehunhu hwekuyera.

Izwi rekuti EMF meter rinosanganisirawo zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana. Chimwe chigadzirwa chinogona kuyera simba remagetsi rine frequency yakaderera, chimwe magnetic flux density, uye chimwe RF electromagnetic energy. Kuyerwa ikoko kunoda masensa akasiyana, bandwidths uye analog front ends. Kugadzira kunofanira kuchengetedza dhizaini yakaburitswa pane kubata ese EMF meter se generic sensor board.

Highleap Electronics inogona kutsigira magadzirirwo evatengi nekugadzira PCB, kuwana zvikamu, SMT/THT assembly, kuongorora, kuronga mapurogiramu uye bvunzo dzinoshanda dzakatsanangurwa nevatengi. Zvikamu zviri pazasi zvinotarisa pane sarudzo dzekugadzira dzinobatsira timu yeinjiniya kufambisa chishandiso chine ruzha rushoma kubva pakugadzira PCBA kuenda kuPCBA inogona kudzokororwa.

Mamita emagetsi, emagetsi, uye eRF anoda magumo akasiyana epamberi

Sarudzo yekutanga yekugadzira ndeyehuwandu huri kuyerwa. Chishandiso chemagetsi chinogona kukoshesa impedance yepamusoro yekupinda uye capacitance inodzorwa. Chishandiso chemagnetic-field chinogona kushandisa pickup coil, Hall device kana imwe sensor yemagnetic. RF meter inogona kushandisa antenna kana field probe ichiteverwa ne broadband kana band-limited detector chain. Kunyangwe kana user interface yakaita seyakafanana, zvinodiwa nePCB zvinogona kusiyana zvachose.

Saka RFQ ine musoro inofanira kutaura sensor/probe interface uye bhendi rekuyera rinoda kuerwa. Ruzivo irworwo runoudza mugadziri kana chikamu chidiki chiri chaicho chakanyatsojeka, chine leakage shoma kana kuti chikamu chakakosha cheRF uye kana PCB stack-up ichida impedance yakatarwa kana kungova negrounding yakanaka yelow-frequency.

Chikamu chedhijitari chinowanzo shandiswa — MCU, display, data logging, USB, Bluetooth yekusarudza uye manejimendi yebhatiri — asi chinofanira kuiswa chakatenderedza chikamu chekuyera pane kubvumirwa kutungamira marongerwo ese ebhodhi. Kurongeka ikoko kwezvinhu zvinokosha ndeimwe yemisiyano mikuru pakati pePCB yechishandiso chekuyera nechinodzora chevatengi chakajairika.

Maitiro ePCB Layout paEMF Meter Anoita Kuti Kuyera Kunyatsonaka

Chinhu chine njodzi huru chinowanzogadzirwa chega. Chinochinja ruzha chinogona kugadzira simba remagetsi nemagineti pedyo nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza inductor yayo, hot loop uye switching node. Wachi ye microcontroller inogona kugadzira simba re harmonic riri pamusoro pefrequency yayo yekutanga. Ma interface e display anogona kuchinja mitsetse yakawanda panguva imwe chete, uye BLE transmitter inoburitsa simba reRF nemaune. Kana chinhu chinonzwa chiri pedyo zvakakwana, masosi aya anogona kuonekwa sehuwandu hwezviyero hunoshanda.

Isa sensor kubva pakuyera kunze

Nzvimbo ye sensor inofanira kurongeka ne enclosure isati yasara yebhodhi yaiswa nzira yakawanda. Mainjiniya vanofanira kubvunza kuti probe yacho inotariswa kuti chii uye kuti ndeapi ma structures ari pedyo nayo: bhatiri, copper plane, shield can, display, cable, motor, magnets kana charging coil. Sensor iri pamucheto webhodhi inogona kuderedza coupling kubva kumagetsi edhijitari, asi chete kana enclosure ne ground geometry zvichitsigira sarudzo iyoyo.

Chengetedza zvishwe zvine ruzha zviri mukati

Current yekushandura haitevedzere mufananidzo wedhirowa; inotevedzera kurongeka kwemhangura nechikamu. Zvidimbu zve di/dt zvine mwero zvinofanira kunge zvakamanikana uye zvisingabvi kumberi. Buzzer, vibration motor uye display backlight currents zvinodawo nzira dzekudzoka dzisingafambi nepakati pechiyero chepasi. Pfungwa imwecheteyo inoshandawo kune USB shield/ESD currents uye bhatiri charging transients.

Usafambisa masaini edhijitari anokurumidza pasi pema "sensitive analog nodes"

Nzira yekutarisa inoenderera mberi inobatsira kuchengetedza minda kubva pamatanho edhijitari, asi hapana zvazvinobatsira pakuisa wachi inomhanyisa zvakanyanya pasi pechinhu chinosimudzira mhepo chinopindira zvakanyanya. Nzira inonzwisisika inofanira kunge iri pfupi, ine nzvimbo yakarongwa kubva kuma "switching nodes" nemabhazi edhijitari. Pamabhodhi ane layer akawanda, kugoverwa kwe layer kunogona kupa mukana wekuzviparadzanisa, asi kuiswa kwacho kunoramba kuri mutsetse wekutanga wekudzivirira.

Dhizaini yeSimba Risina Ruzha: LDO vs Switching Regulator

Mamita anotakurika anoda ruzha rushoma uye bhatiri rinogara kwenguva refu, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekuchinjana kwedhizaini chaiyo. LDO inogona kupa njanji yakanyarara uye marongero ari nyore, asi inoderedza musiyano wevoltage pakati pekupinda nekubuda sekupisa. Chinodzora switching chinoshanda zviri nani pane voltage yebhatiri yakasiyana-siyana asi chinounza switching frequency, harmonics uye high-current loops dzinogona kuwira mukati kana pedyo nebhendi rekuyera rechishandiso.

Mhinduro chaiyo inoenderana nebandwidth ye sensor, chemistry yebhatiri, kudiwa kwezvino uye chiyero chekuyera. Kana mita ichifanirwa kuona minda yakatenderedza frequency yekuchinja kwe converter, kufambisa iyo converter "kure zvishoma" kungasave kwakakwana. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuita ruzha rwe subsystems panguva yekuyera; zvimwe hazvigoneke nekuti display nekutaurirana zvinofanirwa kuramba zviripo. Saka, firmware operating modes uye PCB power architecture zvinofanirwa kuongororwa pamwe chete.

Pakugadzira, kuchinjana kwemutongi kunofanira kungwarira. Ma converter maviri anoenderana nepini anogona kuva nema switching frequency akasiyana, spread-spectrum behavior, light-load modes uye transient characteristics. Imwe nzira inoenderana nemutengo inogona kuchinja internal noise spectrum yemita kunyangwe voltage inobuda yakafanana.

Kudzika, Kudzivirira uye Kuona Kureba

Kurongeka kweruzha rushoma kunowanzotsanangurwa se "nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeanalog nedhijitari," asi dambudziko chairo nderekudzoka kwemagetsi. Kupatsanura denderedzwa repasi kunogona kumanikidza masaini edhijitari kuyambuka mukaha, zvichiwedzera nzvimbo yedenderedzwa nemwaranzi. Denderedzwa rinoenderera mberi rine kupatsanurana kwemaune kwezvikamu nenzira dzemagetsi rinowanzo fungidzirwa zviri nyore. Kana dhizaini yekutarisa ichitaura kubatana kwepakati kana nyeredzi, chimiro ichocho chinofanira kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka pane kuverengerwa mumutemo wemamita ese.

Kudzivirira kunofanira kunge kune chinangwa chekuyera

Nhoo inogona kuderedza kubatana kubva kuMCU, kuratidza kana kuchinjisa kuenda kumberi kweanalog, asi simbi inoshandurawo kugoverwa kwemagetsi, RF impedance uye sensor response. Nhoo pamusoro pese sensor inogona kukunda chiyero. Mugadziri anofanira kutsanangura kana nhoo yakagadzirirwa kuva neinternal emitter, kuchengetedza amplifier, kugadzira reference yemunharaunda kana kuva chikamu cheRF structure.

Kureba kunogona kushanda zviri nani pane kuoma kunzwisisa

Kubatana kwepedyo nemunda kunodonha nekukurumidza kana kupatsanurwa. Muzvishandiso zvakawanda zvinotakurika, kufambisa sensor kana converter nedaro diki asi rine zvarinoreva kunogona kuderedza kukanganiswa zvinobudirira pane kuwedzera mafirita akaomesesa mushure meizvozvo. Ndosaka nzvimbo yakavharirwa uye marongerwo ePCB zvichifanira kugadzirwa pamwe chete. Kana bhodhi ratove rakaomeswa nemitambo, timu yePCB inorasikirwa nechimwe chezvishandiso zvayo zvakasimba zvekudzora ruzha.

Mutengesi wePCBA anogona kuchengetedza furemu yenhoo yakaburitswa, gasket yakamira, hardware yekumisikidza uye daro rezvikamu. Haafanire kugadzira shielding senzira yekugadzira zvinhu. Chero shanduko inogona kuitika munhoo inogona kukanganisa reflow profile, rework access, maitiro eantenna uye final calibration.

Sarudzo dzePCB neStack-Up dze2-Layer vs 4-Layer EMF Meter

PCB ine zvidimbu zviviri inogona kukodzera chishandiso chine frequency yakaderera chine analog chain iri nyore, mashandiro edhijitari mashoma uye nzvimbo yakakwana yemuviri kuchengetedza nzira dziripo dzakarongeka. Zvikamu zvina zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuchengetedza plane yepasi isina kukanganiswa, kugovera simba uye kutungamira display kana MCU pasina kudimbura analog reference. RF metres dzakaomarara dzinogona kuda mamwe zvidimbu kana controlled impedance zvichienderana nebandwidth yavo uye magadzirirwo avo.

Saka huwandu hwema layer hausi bheji remhando yepamusoro. Bhodhi rine ma layer mana rakaiswa zvisina kunaka rinogona kuburitsa ruzha rwakawanda mu sensor yaro kupfuura dhizaini ine ma layer maviri akarongeka zvakanaka. Chikonzero chekuwedzera ma layer chinofanira kunge chiri pachena: kuenderera mberi kuri nani kwe reference, huwandu hwe routing, shielding, high-speed interface inoda kana kuderedza saizi ye mechanical.

Stack-up inofanira kusunungurwa impedance isati yataurwa

Kana mudziyo wacho uine RF traces, USB kana imwe controlled-impedance interface, mutengi anofanira kupa target impedance uye stack-up yaanoda kana kubvumira mugadziri kuti ape muenzaniso wechinhu chinogadzirwa kuti chibvumidzwe. Trace geometry haigone kupedzwa pasina kusimba kwe dielectric uye kuvakwa kwemhangura. Prototype uye kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuchengetedza chimiro chemagetsi chakatenderwa kunze kwekunge mainjiniya aratidza shanduko.

Standard FR-4 yakakwana kune zvishandiso zvakawanda, asi high-frequency RF metres ingada sarudzo yezvinhu zvichibva pakurasikirwa uye kugadzikana kwe dielectric. Chikamu chechigadzirwa chega hachina kukwana kururamisa specialty laminate. Highleap inofanira kutaura zvinodiwa nezvinhu zvakaburitswa pane kushambadzira bhodhi rega rega reEMF seRF specialty substrate.

Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika zveKugadzira PCB uye Kugadzira Zvinowedzera Ruzha rweEMF Meter

1. Kuisa chinoshandura kana charger padivi pesensa

Izvi zvinogadzira kubatana kwemagetsi nekupisa. Dambudziko rinogona kuoneka zvakanyanya panguva yekuchaja USB nekuti chigadzirwa chinoshanda musimba rakasiyana nebhatiri rayo remazuva ese.

2. Kuendesa wachi dzekuratidzira kana dzekurangarira kuburikidza nenzvimbo yeanalog

Kumhanya kwemagetsi nekukurumidza kunoita kuti pave nesimba re broadband. Kunyangwe wachi yeSPI ine "frequency yakaderera" ine ma harmonics. Kuchengetedza mabhazi aya ari madiki uye kure nema high-impedance nodes kunoderedza njodzi yekubatanidza.

3. Kubvumira nzira dzekudzoka dzine simba guru kuti dzigovane ratidziro yekuyera

Mota inodedera, buzzer kana backlight zvinogona kukonzera kuputika kwepasi. PCB inofanira kupa chimiro chekudzoka chinochengetedza mafungu iwayo kuti asapinde munzira dze sensor neADC reference.

4. Kubata chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakaenzana sechinhu chinochinjika

Maop-amps ane ruzha rushoma, ma "precision passives", mareferensi uye ma "ADC driver" ane ma "parameters" anopfuura kukosha kwe "nominal value". Bias current, 1/f noise, input capacitance, dielectric absorption uye switching behavior zvinogona kukanganisa precision front end. Zvimwe zvinotenga zvinofanirwa kuremekedza ma "parameters" akakosha edhizaini.

5. Kuwedzera ma test pads pasina kufunga nezve capacitance uye pickup

Pedhi hombe reprobe riri panode ine impedance yakakura rinogona kuchinja circuit uye kuita antenna. Kupinda kwekuyedza kunofanirwa kuve chikamu chedhizaini, kwete kuwedzerwa otomatiki nemutemo wefekitori.

6. Kushandisa kubatana kusina waya panguva yekuyera pasina kusimbiswa

Bluetooth inogona kubatsira pakunyoresa asi zvakare inoburitsa maRF nemaune. Chigadzirwa ichi chinofanira kutsanangura kana basa reredhiyo richibvumidzwa nguva dzose, rakarongwa pakati pezviyero kana kuti rakamiswa mumhando dzinonzwisisika. Kuedza kwekugadzira kunofanirwa kushandisa mamiriro akafanana ekushanda akashandiswa mukusimbisa.

EMF Meter PCBA inotakurika: Zvikamu Zvakakodzera, Kuchena Kwekuungana uye Kuongorora

PCBA inogona kusanganisira ma amplifiers ane ruzha rushoma, ma ADC, ma precision resistors/capacitors, ma sensor connectors, MCU, RF module, display connector uye charger. Hunhu hwekuisa hunokosha, asi ndizvo zvinoitikawo mushure mekuisa. Flux residues uye kusvibiswa zvinogona kunge zvakakosha padhuze ne high-impedance nodes, uye kuchenesa kwakasimba kunogona kusawirirana nemamwe ma sensor, switch kana displays. Tsanangudzo yeassembly yakaburitswa inofanira kutsanangura maitiro anogamuchirwa.

AOI inogona kubata polarity, zvikamu zvisipo uye zvikanganiso zvakawanda zve solder. X-ray inobatsira chete kana majoini akavanzwa akadai seBGA kana mapakeji akadzimwa pasi achitsigira izvozvo. Kushanda zvakanaka kweanalog hakugone kuongororwa mubhodhi; inofanira kusimbiswa nemagetsi nebvunzo yakakodzera yekushanda.

Dzora analog BOM

Chikwata chekutenga fekitari chinoda mutsauko wakajeka pakati pezvinhu zvisingashandiswe zvakanaka nezvikamu zvakakosha pakuyera. BOM inogona kushandisa minda inotenderwa kana runyorwa rwekusatsiva. Izvi zvinodzivirira shanduko inokonzerwa nekuwanikwa kubva pakuchinja maitiro eoffset, ruzha, bandwidth kana RF. Zvinoitawo kuti basa rekudzikisa mutengo rive pachena: mainjiniya anogona kuongorora dzimwe nzira panguva yekuvaka kwemuyedzo unodzorwa pachinzvimbo chekudziwana mushure mekuchinja kwedata rekugadzira.

Kugadzirwa kwetambo nekugadzirwa kwetambo zvinogona kusvibisa mhedzisiro yebvunzo

Chigadziko chekugadzira chinogona kugadzira minda kana kupinza ruzha pasi. Matinji ekuyedza asina kuvharwa kwenguva refu, zvinhu zvekushandisa pabhenji rekuchinjana uye makombiyuta ari pedyo zvinogona kuita kuti mita inonzwa isashande zvakanaka. Kuenzanisa mayuniti egoridhe, jekiseni remagetsi rinodzorwa uye kurongeka kwechinhu chakatsanangurwa zvinogona kuita kuti kuongorora kugadzirwa kuve nyore kudzokorora.

Kuedza Kushanda, Kuenzanisa uye Kutevedza

Kuongororwa kwekugadzirwa kunofanirwa kuratidza kuti PCBA inoshanda, nepo calibration ichifanirwa kuratidza kururama kwecheni yekuyera zvichienderana nereferensi yakakodzera. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemita, calibration inogona kusanganisira magetsi anozivikanwa, magineti, RF power levels kana electrical injection kumberi. Magadzirirwo iwayo anoenderana neapplication uye anofanira kutsanangurwa neOEM.

Kuongorora mashandiro emufekitori kunogona kusanganisira

• Mataira emagetsi, kudhonza kwemagetsi uye maitiro ekuchaja.
• Kuronga kweMCU, nhamba yeserial uye kusimbiswa kwefirmware.
• Kutaurirana kweADC ne sensor.
• Kuchinjana kwekuwedzera/kuchinjisa daro uchishandisa nzira inozivikanwa yemagetsi.
• Kuratidza, mabhatani, buzzer uye mabasa ekunyora.
• Kutaurirana neBluetooth kana USB zvichienderana nemaitiro ekuyedza mutengi.

Kana ma calibration coefficients akachengetwa payuniti imwe neimwe, kuyerera kweprogramming kunofanira kubatanidza ma values ​​iwayo ne serial number yebhodhi uye hardware revision. Izvozvo zvinova zvinodiwa kuti munhu atevere pane kuti zvive nyore kuita lab. Munhu anofamba mu production anofanira kuratidza kana calibration ichiitika pa PCBA isina chinhu, pa assembled instrument kana pa final enclosure stage, nekuti shielding uye enclosure geometry zvinogona kukanganisa kuyerwa.

Pamuchina wekuyedza une nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, nzira yekuyedza inofanirawo kuona kuti ndeapi nzvimbo dzakaedzwa zvizere uye ndeapi anoongororwa nemapoinzi anomiririra. Mhinduro yacho inokanganisa kuoma kwezvishandiso, nguva yekutenderera uye chirevo.

Kubva paPrototype kusvika pakugadzirwa: Mutengo, DFM uye Kusarudzwa kweVatengesi

Chikamu chemuenzaniso chinofanira kuratidza mudziyo wacho nemaune kuti uve neruzha rwakanyanya kuipa mukati. Chiyere nechiratidzo chinoshanda uye chisingashande, charger yakabatana uye yakabviswa, radio transmitter, buzzer inoshanda uye bhatiri mumamiriro akasiyana ekuchaja. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ndeapi masiginecha akagadzirwa ega akakosha PCB ne enclosure zvisati zvaomeswa.

Kuderedzwa kwemutengo kunofanira kutarisa pakubvisa kuomarara kusingakoshi, kupfupisa nguva yekuedza uye kudzikamisa BOM. Bhodhi rine mativi mana rinogona kunge rakachipa pane kurongeka kwakaoma kwemativi maviri kana richidzivirira kudzokorora EMC kana kugadzirisa ruzha. Kusiyana neizvi, mapakeji especialty laminate, HDI uye ultra-small haafanire kuwedzerwa kunze kwekunge bandwidth kana mechanical limits zvichidikanwa.

Zvekutarisa mugadziri weEMF meter PCB assembly

• Maitiro eDFM anocherechedza nzvimbo dzinonzwisisika dzeanalog neRF pane kushandisa shanduko dzakajairika.
• Kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvine chekuita neanalog, ADC, reference uye RF kwakarongeka.
• Kugona kweSMT kwakanyatsonaka kwakakodzera mapakeji akaburitswa.
• Mirairo yakajeka yekuchenesa nekubata nzvimbo dzine mhepo inovhuvhuta zvakanyanya kana nzvimbo dzinonzwa kutonhora.
• Kuronga mapurogiramu uye rutsigiro rwekuedza mashandiro anoitwa nevatengi.
• Kugadziriswazve, BOM uye kudzora bvunzo kunoramba kwakafanana kubva pakugadzirwa kweprototype kusvika pakudzokorora.

Pakeji yeRFQ

Tumira Gerber/ODB++, dhizaini yekugadzira uye kurongedza, BOM ine zvimwe zvinotenderwa, data rekutora nekuisa, mifananidzo yekuunganidza, mirairo yekudzivirira, mafaira efirmware/programming uye zvirevo zvebvunzo yekugadzira. Kana mita ine ma probes ekunze kana tambo dzakagadziriswa, taura kana izvo zviri chikamu chegadziriro yebvunzo yefekitori. Highleap Electronics inogona kutora chirevo chePCB nePCBA chaiyo yekugadzira pasina kureva mutoro wekugadzira zvishandiso kana kuyera zviri pamutemo.

Nzira yekugadzira yakavimbika zvikuru iri nyore papfungwa: kuchengetedza geometry ye sensor yakaburitswa, seti yezvikamu zvine ruzha rwakaderera, dhizaini yesimba uye nzira yekuyedza. Ndizvo zvinoshandura prototype yerabhoritari inobudirira kuita mubatanidzwa wePCB weEMF meter unodzokororwa.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Zvinodiwa pakugadzira zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa zvichienderana nemafaira ekugadzira akaburitswa, zvirevo zvevagadziri vezvikamu uye zvinodiwa zvekusimbisa kana zvemitemo zvechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.