Kudzivirira maPCB paRF: Nzira, Zvishandiso, uye Kudzika

Kudzivirira kweRF kushandiswa kwechinhu chinofambisa mhepo, kani rekudzivirira, chifukidziro chakapwanyika, kana rusvingo rwema "ground vias", kuchengetedza simba remagetsi redunhu kana kudzivirira minda yekunze. Inoshanda nekugadzira nzvimbo yeFaraday yakadzika iyo inoratidza uye inonyudza RF, uye kushanda kwayo kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekuti yakadzika zvakanaka sei uye kuti maburi ayo madiki sei. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura kuti kudzivirira kunoshanda sei, nzira huru (makani ebhodhi, kudzivirira kwakabatana, uye matekiniki ari mubhodhi), maitiro ekudzivirira kudzivirira zvakanaka, uye maitiro ekusarudza zvinhu.

Chii chinonzi RF Dziviriro?

Kudzivirira maRF kunoisa chipingamupinyi chinofambisa mhepo pakati pesimba remagetsi nezvimwe zvese. Izvi zvinoshanda mabasa maviri anoenderana.

• Containment. Inodzivirira kubuda kwemhepo inoburitsa ruzha, senge redhiyo transmitter kana wachi inokurumidza, kuti isabude kana kukanganisa zvimwe zvikamu zvemagetsi.
• Dziviriro. Inodzivirira minda yekunze kuti isasvike padunhu rinonzwa, senge receiver ine ruzha rwakaderera kana analog chaiyo.

Mumativi ese ari maviri, nhoo chishandiso chimwe chete mukati mechinangwa chakakura chekuenderana kwemagetsi. Inobatsira pakurongeka kwakanaka pane kuitsiva, uye inowanzo shandiswa kutenderedza zvikamu zveRF kana redhiyo zvebhodhi rakavakirwa kushanda nekukurumidza uye RF.

Mashandiro anoita RF Shielding

Nhoo inoshanda nekugadzira Faraday enclosure: nzvimbo inotenderera inoramba ichiratidza uye ichitora simba remagetsi rinoitika.

Kufungisisa, kunyudzwa, uye kudzika kweganda

Kana mafungu emagetsi akarova conductor, chikamu chawo chinopenya uye chikamu chinonyungudika pachinopinda. Pamafrequency eredhiyo, magetsi anoyerera chete muchikamu chakatetepa chepamusoro (mhedzisiro yeganda), saka kunyange simbi yakatetepa inovhara minda zvinobudirira, chero bedzi pamusoro pacho pari kuenderera mberi uye panotungamira. Chiyero chekuti nhoo inoderedza zvakadii munda ndiko kushanda kwayo kwekudzivirira, kunowanzoonekwa muma decibels.

Nei kuramba uchienderera mberi kuchikosha zvikuru

Nekuti simba harifanirwe kuwana nzira yekupfuura naro, kuramba kuripo ndicho chinhu chikuru. Bhokisi rinofambisa zvinhu zvakanaka ringave nhoo yakanaka, asi nhoo chaiyo ine misono, maburi, uye kubatana kwepasi, uye ndipo panowaniswa kana kurasikirwa nekushanda. Zvimwe zviri mugwaro iri zvinonyanya kutaura nezvekuchengetedza kuramba kuripo uye kugadzika, zvinhu zviviri zvinoita kuti nhoo chaiyo ive yakanakisa.

Matangi ePCB Shield (Kudzivirira Kwemazinga Ebhodhi)

Nhoo yePCB inonyanya kushandiswa igaba diki resimbi rakasungirirwa pamusoro pechikamu chebhodhi.

Magaba anosungirirwa kudenderedzwa repasi, mhete yemapedhi akasungirirwa pasi yakakomberedza denderedzwa rakachengetedzwa, zvichiita bhokisi rakamiswa pamusoro paro. Dhizaini ine zvidimbu zviviri yakakurumbira nekuti chivharo chinogona kubviswa kuti chigadzirwezve kana kugadziriswa furemu ichiramba yakasungirirwa. Chitsigiro chedenderedzwa repasi uye kuiswa kwegaba zvinowedzerwa panguva yekurongeka uye zvinoiswa panguva yekubatanidzwa kwePCB , saka gaba rinofanira kurongwa mudhizaini, kwete kusungirirwa gare gare.

Kudzivirira Kwakagadzikana kweModules

Imwe nzira inotsiva kani idenderedzwa rakatetepa rinopinza mvura rinoiswa zvakananga pamodule yakaputirwa.

Conformal shielding ipurasitiki inofambisa mvura, inowanzo pfapfaidzwa kana kupfapfaidzwa, inoiswa pamusoro pepakeji kana module yakaumbwa uye yakabatana nevhu rayo remukati. Inobata contour yepakeji, inowedzera kukwirira kushoma, uye inowanikwa muma compact modules uye system-in-package devices uko simbi inenge yakakura zvakanyanya.

Chinhu chinobatsira ndechekuti conformal shielding inzira yekurongedza inoshandiswa pachikamu, kwete chimwe chinhu chakawedzerwa pabhodhi. Pakudzivirira bhodhi kwechikamu chehurongwa hwako, gaba kana matekiniki ari mubhodhi ndiwo sarudzo dzinoshanda; conformal shielding inowanzo kuve chinhu chezvikamu zvaunotenga.

Kudzivirira RF Muchikepe (Kuburikidza neFences neGuard Traces)

Dziviriro yakawanda inovakwa mumhangura pachayo, isati yawedzerwa chero gaba.

• Kuburikidza nefenzi (kusona). Mutsetse wakamanikana wema "vias" akadzika unoumba rusvingo rune minda, inoshandiswa kutenderedza ma "RF traces" uye pamucheto webhodhi.
• Dururira pasi. Kuzadza nzvimbo isina kushandiswa nemhangura yakagayiwa, yakasungirirwa mudenga nemavias, kunoita kuti pave nechidzitiro chemunzvimbo iyoyo.
• Zvisaririra zvevarindi. Zvidimbu zvakaiswa pasi padivi pemutsetse unonzwisisika zvinobatsira kuibvisa kubva kuvavakidzani.

Fenzi ye via ine simba guru: mutsara we picket-fence we vias dzakadzika pasi dzakatenderedza RF trace zvinobudirira kuvaka mugero wakadzivirirwa mukati mebhodhi. Kuisa nzvimbo pakati pe vias pedyo ne wavelength kunoita kuti madziro arambe achienda kuminda. Matekiniki aya anowirirana zvakasikwa ne controlled impedance nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira boards dzine low loss uye magadzirirwo e high-frequency.

Nzira dzekudzivirira dzeRF dzakaenzaniswa

Mhuri nhatu dzekudzivirira dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana, uye zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinodzisanganisa.

Maitiro ekushandisa mundege haadhuri zvakanyanya uye anofanira kunge ari iwo mutsetse wekutanga wekudzivirira; chigadziko chekudzivirira chinowedzera nzvimbo yakasimba yeFaraday yemuno uko izvo zvisina kukwana; uye jira rekudzivirira rinowanzo kuve chinhu chinowanikwa mumamodules akadzivirirwa kare. Maitiro akajairika ndeekushandisa kuburikidza nefenzi uye pasi pour senzira yekutanga, wobva wawedzera chigadziko chine zvidimbu zviviri pamusoro peRF front end kuitira kuti chigone kugadziriswa. Kusarudza izvi nekukurumidza kunoita kuti tsoka nematanho ekubatanidza zvive nyore panguva yekuunganidza, uye ongororo yeRF yakajairwa inosimbisa nzira yacho.

Maitiro Ekugadzirisa RF Shield

Iri ndiro danho rinowanzo sarudza kana kudzivirira kunoshanda zvachose.

Nhoo inofanira kubatanidzwa pasi pebhodhi nenzira ine low-impedance uye, zvakanaka, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekubatanidza dzakatenderedza miganhu yaro. Kani yakasungirirwa ku ground ring inoenderera mberi inoita izvi; fenzi inosungirirwa pasi nepakati penyika muhurefu hwayo hwese. Chikonzero ndechekuti nhoo inotakura mafungu anokonzerwa neminda yainovhara, uye mafungu iwayo anofanira kudzoka nyore nyore pasi.

Nhoo inoyangarara, kana kuti yakatsikwa panzvimbo imwe chete, haingobatsiri chete, inogona kunge yakaipa kupfuura kusavapo, nekuti inogona kurira uye kupenya zvakare. Mutemo unoshanda uri nyore: gaya nhoo zvakanaka uye uigaye kakawanda. Kuwana mhete yevhu, kuburikidza nekusona, uye kubatana zvakanaka chikamu chekugadzira bhodhi rekugadzira panguva yekugadzira PCB.

Kuvhara Maburi, Misono, uye Kubuda Kwemvura

Kunyangwe nhoo yakasimba inodonha nepaburi rayo, saka kugadzirisa maburi kwakakosha.

• Chengeta nzvimbo diki. Kubuda kwemvura kunoenderana nehukuru hweburi kana tichienzanisa nehukuru hwewavelength; maburi madiki mazhinji anobuda zvishoma pane rimwe hombe.
• Funga nezvemisungo. Maburi ari pachivharo kana musono anoita semaburi uye anogona kupenya; magasket ekubatana pedyo kana anofambisa mhepo anobatsira.
• Tarisa ma antenna e slot. Mukana murefu, mutete unogona kushanda seantenna inoshanda zvakanaka pane mamwe mafrequency, saka dzivisa maslots marefu asina kukanganiswa.

Ndosaka nhoo ine maburi emhepo akanaka ichigona kupfuura imwe ine chidimbu chimwe chete chikuru, uye nei kubatana kwechivharo nekugadzirwa kwemusono zvichikosha. Nzvimbo isina kusimba, kwete simbi, inowanzova nzvimbo isina kusimba, saka maburi acho anofanira kutariswa zvakanyanya semuviri wenhoo pachayo.

Zvinhu zvekudzivirira zveRF

Zvishandiso zvekudzivirira zvinosarudzwa zvichienderana nekugona kufambisa mvura, kugona kusundidzira, kuramba ngura, uye mutengo.

Kune magaba mazhinji ebhodhi, chisanganiswa chinosonererwa senge nickel-silver kana tin-plated steel ndicho chinongoshandiswa, nepo zvinhu zvespringy zvichishandiswa kuma clips nemagaskets zvinoramba zvichibatana. Sarudzo yacho haiwanzo shandura zvakanyanya fizikisi yekudzivirira; conductivity uye continuity zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura chisanganiswa chaicho, saka kugadzirwa uye mutengo zvinowanzo sarudza. Sarudzo idzi dzinoenderana nekuronga kwakafanana kwekutanga sekuongorora dhizaini.

Kudzivirira kweRF kune kana kuvhara simba remagetsi nechinhu chinofambisa mhepo chakadzika, kungave chifukidziro chinogona, chifukidziro che conformal, kana fenzi yemhangura. Ikuyire zvakanaka uye chengeta maburi ayo madiki, uye inosvika paFaraday enclosure yakakodzera. Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezveHighleap Electronics uye kugona kwedu kweRF uye high-frequency.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Chii chinonzi RF shielding uye chii chinoita?

Kudzivirira RF chinhu chinovhara mafambiro emhepo chiri pasi chine maelektronikiti anoburitswa nedunhu kana kuti chinovhara minda yekunze kuti isasvike kwachiri. Chinoumba Faraday enclosure inoratidza uye inotora simba reRF. Chinoshandiswa pamativi ane ruzha senge ma transmitters nemawachi anokurumidza, uye pamativi anonzwa seanogamuchira uye analog chaiyo.

Chii chinonzi bhodhi-level board shield?

Isimbi diki yakasungirirwa pamusoro pechikamu chebhodhi, padenderedzwa revhu rakasungirirwa pasi. Inogona kuva chidimbu chimwe chete (chiri nyore, chisingabviswi) kana chidimbu zviviri, ine furemu yakasungirirwa uye chivharo checlip-on chinobvumira kugadziriswa patsva nekugadzirisa. Chimiro chetsoka chinofanira kurongwa muchimiro cherongero.

Ko chivharo che "via fence" chinodzivirira sei chisaririra?

Fenzi yeA via imutsara wakamanikana wezviya zvakadzika midzi zvinoumba rusvingo runofambisa mhepo, zvichigadzira nzira yakavharirwa yakakomberedza RF trace kana pamucheto webhodhi. Kuparadzanisa zviya zviri pedyo newavelength kunoita kuti rusvingo rwurambe rwuchienda kuminda, ruine simba uye runoderedza kubatana nevavakidzani.

Sei nhoo ichifanira kusimbiswa?

Nhoo inotakura mafungu anokonzerwa neminda yaanovhara, uye mafungu iwayo anoda kudzoka pasi asina kupindira zvakanyanya. Nhoo yakanyatsodzika, yakabatana panzvimbo dzakawanda, inoadurura zvisina njodzi. Nhoo inoyangarara kana ine pfundo rimwe chete inogona kurira uye kupenyazve, zvichiita kuti isashande kana kutoipa kupfuura kusava nenhovo zvachose.

Maburi madiki ari muchidzitiro anokonzera kubuda kwemvura here?

Kubuda kwemvura kunoenderana nehukuru hweburi kana tichienzanisa nehukuru hwewavelength, saka maburi madiki akawanda anobuda zvishoma pane rimwe divi guru, uye maburi marefu matete anogona kushanda semaantenna. Chengeta maburi madiki, dzivisa maburi marefu asina kukanganiswa, uye shandisa chivharo chakanaka kana magasket anofambisa mhepo pamisungo.

Chii chinonzi conformal shielding uye chakasiyana sei nekani?

Conformal shielding ipurasitiki yakatetepa inopfapfaidzwa kana kupfapfaidzwa pamusoro pepakeji kana module yakaumbwa yosungirirwa pasi pevhu rayo remukati. Inowedzera kureba kushoma uye inokodzera mamodule akamanikana. Kusiyana nekani, inzira yekurongedza inoshandiswa pachikamu, saka pakudzivirira chikamu chebhodhi rako, kani kana kuburikidza nefenzi ndiyo sarudzo inoshanda.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakudzivirira RF?

Zviumbwa zvinosanganiswa zvakaita senickel-silver uye tin-plated steel zvakajairika pazviumbwa zvemagaba, simbi isingatsvi uko kusimba kwayo kunokosha, uye beryllium-copper yezvidimbu zvespringy uye gasket fingers. Kufambiswa kwemhepo nekuenderera mberi kwayo kunokosha kupfuura chiumbwa chaicho, saka kugadzirwa kwayo uye mutengo zvinowanzo tungamira sarudzo yacho.

Ndinogara ndichida gaba rekudzivirira here, kana kuti matekiniki ari muchikepe anogona kukwana here?

Kazhinji matekiniki ari muchikepe, kuburikidza nefenzi, mvura inodururwa pasi, uye nzira dzekudzivirira, zvakakwana kuchengetedza kana kuparadzanisa RF, uye hazvidhuri mari yakawanda. Nhoo inogona kuwedzera nzvimbo yakasimba yemunzvimbo kana marongero chete asina kukwana, senge pamusoro pemugamuchiri anonzwa kana transmitter ine ruzha. Magadzirirwo mazhinji anosanganisa zvese zviri zviviri, achishandisa mhangura senzira yekutanga uye gaba kana zvichidikanwa.

Ko RF shielding inogona kugadzirisa bhodhi risina kurongeka zvakanaka here?

Hazvina kuvimbika. Kudzivirira kune simba iro dhizaini yakanaka isingakwanise kudzora, asi hakugone kudzoreredza current loop hombe, split reference plane, kana connector launch isina kunaka. Mhedzisiro inodhura zvakanyanya inobva pakuronga ruzha kutanga, solid ground, small loops, controlled impedance, nekudzivirira kwakawedzerwa kuti kugone kubata zvasara.

Nhoo inogona sei kubatanidzwa uye kubviswa kuti ishandiswe patsva?

Kani rine chidimbu chimwe chete rinosungirirwa padenderedzwa revhu uye harina kuitirwa kuti ribve. Kani rine zvidimbu zviviri rine furemu yakasungirirwa uye chivharo chakasiyana che clip-on; chivharo chinosimudzwa kuti chiongororwe kana kugadziriswa furemu yacho ichiri panzvimbo yayo. Kusarudza dhizaini ine zvidimbu zviviri pakutanga ndiyo nzira inoshanda yekuchengetedza mukana wekugadzirisa pazvikamu zvakachengetedzwa.