Chii chinonzi .SCH File? Mafomati eSchematic uye PCB Output

Faira re.SCH ifaira rine schematic rakagadzirwa ne electronic design automation (EDA) software rinochengeta dhizaini ye logical ye circuit — zvikamu ne connections pakati pazvo — kwete physical board layout. Ndiro gwaro rekutanga rePCB projekiti yega yega, uye kururama kwaro kunoratidza zvakananga kana bhodhi rapera rinogona kugadzirwa uye kuunganidzwa nemazvo.

Chii chinonzi .SCH File?

Kana mainjiniya achigadzira dunhu, danho rekutanga nderekudhirowa dhayagiramu: dhayagiramu inoratidza chikamu chimwe nechimwe sechiratidzo uye kubatana kwese kwemagetsi semutsetse. Software yeEDA inochengetedza dhayagiramu iyoyo mufaira redhayagiramu, kazhinji nekuwedzera kwe .sch. Faira rinonyora kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chii, kuti chakanyorwa sei, uye kuti ndeapi mapini anobatanidzwa kune mambure api.

Chinokosha ndechekuti, faira rechirongwa rinotsanangura chinangwa, kwete geometry. Rinoti "resistor iyi inobatanidza necapacitor iyoyo uye kuti inyore 3 ye microcontroller," asi haritauri kuti zvikamu izvozvo zviri papi pabhodhi kana kuti mhangura inofambiswa sei. Ruzivo irworwo rwunogara mufaira rakasiyana remagadzirirwo. Kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa uku ndicho chinhu chikuru chekunzwisisa mashandiro ese ePCB.

Zvitoro zveSchematic File

• Components: chiratidzo chechikamu chimwe nechimwe, chiratidzo chechiratidzo, uye kukosha kwacho.
• Mambure: kubatana kwemagetsi kwakanyorwa pakati pemapini.
• anoti: nhamba dzezvikamu, tsoka dzakaiswa pazviratidzo, uye manotsi.
• Hierarchy: machira nema sub-circuits mumagadzirirwo makuru.

Mafaira e.SCH Akasiyana Sei Pakati Pezvishandiso zveEDA

Chinyorwa che .sch hachisi chimiro chimwe chete chepasi rose. Maturusi akasiyana eEDA anochishandisa — kana chimwe chinhu chakafanana nacho — chine maumbirwo akasiyana zvachose emukati. Faira re .sch kubva kune imwe purogiramu kazhinji harigone kuvhurwa zvakananga neimwe, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuvhiringidzika kukuru kunoitika nevanhu pavanogamuchira faira rechirongwa chavasingakwanise kuverenga.

Nekuti mafomati acho akasiyana, kutumira mugadziri faira re .sch chete hakukwani - vanogona kusashandisa chishandiso chimwe chete, uye kunyangwe zvikadaro, chirongwa chega hachina maitiro ekugadzira.

Maturusi akasiyana eEDA anochengeta ma schematics mumafomu awo, kunyangwe vanhu vachiadaidza kuti “.sch files.” Mapurojekiti eOlder Eagle anoshandisa .sch extension zvakananga, KiCad inoshandisa .kicad_sch, Altium inoshandisa .SchDoc, uye OrCAD inoshandisa chimiro chayo. Faira rine dhizaini ine logic — zviratidzo, kubatana, uye mazita enet — asi harigone kugadzirwa zvakananga. Kuti ugadzire bhodhi, schematic inofanira kutanga yashandurwa kuita layout uye yozoitwa ma output ekugadzira.

Maitiro Ekuvhura uye Kuona Faira reSCH

Kana ukagamuchira faira re .sch raunofanira kuongorora, une sarudzo nhatu dzinoshanda. Chinonyanya kuvimbika ndechekurivhura musoftware imwecheteyo yakarigadzira. Chechipiri kushandisa muoni wemahara kana mupi wekutumira anotsigira fomati iyoyo. Chechitatu, kana pasina chimwe chazvo, ndechekukumbira mutumi kuti atumire PDF kana mufananidzo wechirongwa chacho kunze kwenyika.

Vagadziri vazhinji vanorerutsa kukosha kwemufananidzo uri nyore. Kunyangwe kana usingakwanise kugadzirisa faira, kukwanisa kuona netlist uye kukosha kwezvikamu kunokubvumira kutarisa dhizaini, kugadzirira bhiri rezvinhu, uye kukurukura shanduko. Zvisinei, kune divi rekugadzira, schematic ingori referensi - kuvaka kunotungamirirwa nemafaira ekugadzira anotumirwa kunze kwenyika, kwete ne .sch.

Nzira Dzekuvhura Faira Rechirongwa

• Software yemuno: Chishandiso chepakutanga cheEDA chinogara chichivhura chimiro chacho nemazvo.
• Vaoni vanowirirana: Zvimwe zvishandiso zvinounza kana kuratidza mafomati evakwikwidzi vane kuvimbika kwakasiyana-siyana.
• PDF/PNG yakatumirwa kunze kwenyika: nzira yakajairika yekuverenga schematic pasina chero software yeEDA.
• Kutumira kunze kweNetlist: runyorwa rwezvinyorwa zvekubatanidza izvo chero mainjiniya anogona kuongorora.

Kubva paSchematic kusvika paLayout kusvika paMafaira Ekugadzira

Chirongwa ichi nhanho yekutanga yecheni. Kana dingindira redunhu ratorwa, mugadziri anopa chikamu chetsoka chega chega, oisa tsoka idzodzo pabhodhi, uye ofambisa kubatanidza kwemhangura kunotsanangurwa nemambure echirongwa. Magadzirirwo iwayo anobva atumirwa kumafaira akajairwa anoshandiswa nefekitori.

Ndosaka mugadziri achikumbira data reGerber kana ODB++ pane faira rako re.sch. Mafomati iwayo haana chekuita nemidziyo uye ane hunyanzvi hwemhangura, chibooreso, uye mask hunodiwa pakugadzira, pamwe neBOM nedata rekuisa rinodiwa pakugadzira otomatiki.

Nei Chirongwa Chichikosha Pakugadzira

Kunyangwe hazvo fekitari ichivaka kubva kumafaira akatumirwa kunze kwenyika, schematic ichiri kutonga mhedzisiro. Runyoro rwenet runobva muschematic rwunotariswa zvichienderana nehurongwa kuti zvionekwe kuti kubatana kwese kuripo uye hapana kusina kurongeka kwakagadzirwa. Manyatera akaiswa muchikamu cheschematic anoona kana zvikamu chaizvo zvichizokwana. Uye BOM inotorwa kubva kuhunhu hwechikamu cheschematic.

Chikanganiso chiri muchirongwa chinopararira chinyararire muchimiro chechinhu chacho chozopinda mubhodhi rakagadzirwa. Kuiswa kwetsoka dzisina kunaka, mambure asina kunyorwa zvakanaka, kana nhamba yezvikamu zvisiri izvo zvinogona kuendeswa kumusangano usati waona. Ndosaka ongororo yekugadzirwa kwemugadziri ichiongorora data rekugadzira: kubata dambudziko retsoka kana netlist papepa kwakachipa zvikuru pane kuriwana pabhodhi rine vanhu vakawanda.

Kugadzirira Pakeji Yakachena Yekugadzira Yemugadziri Wako

Mapurojekiti akanaka kwazvo anouya sepakeji yakakwana, inongogara iripo yakagadzirwa kubva pakugadziriswa kwedhizaini imwe chete yakaburitswa. Kutumira faira re .sch risina chinhu, kana kusanganisa mafaira kubva mukugadziriswa kwakasiyana, chimwe chezvikonzero zvinowanzo kukonzera kunonoka kwekududza uye zvikanganiso zvekuunganidza. Pakeji yakachena inobvumira fekitori kududza chivakwa chaicho pachinzvimbo chekufungidzira.

Zvaunofanira Kuisa MuPakeji Yako Yekuburitswa

• Mafaira eGerber kana ODB++ pamwe nefaira reNC drill uye bhodhi rekunze.
• Bhiri yezvigadzirwa nenhamba chaiyo yezvikamu zvemugadziri uye dzimwe nzira dzakatenderwa.
• Data reCentroid (sarudza-uye-nzvimbo) uye mufananidzo wegungano unoratidza polarity uye pini imwe.
• Zvinyorwa zvekurongedza uye zvekupedzisa inofukidza huwandu hwemachira, huremu hwemhangura, uye kupedzisa kwenzvimbo.
• Kudzokorora kwakafanana saka kugadzira nekugadzira zvinhu zvinobva panzvimbo imwe chete.

Kungwarira kumwe chete kunoshanda pasinei nerudzi rwebhodhi. Dhizaini yakakora ingada kushivirira kwemaitiro ekugadzira HDI , chigadzirwa chine mazinga akawanda chinoshandisa data rakarurama rekuvaka bhodhi rine mazinga akawanda , uye dhizaini inokombama ine zvipingamupinyi zvayo zvinoonekwa panguva yekugadzira PCB inochinjika . Kekutanga, sevhisi yekuunganidza isina huwandu hwakawanda inzira inoshanda yekusimbisa pasuru isati yawedzera. Kubata zvese kuburikidza nemumwe mugadziri wekugadzira kunochengetedza hurongwa, marongero, uye mafaira akatumirwa akaenzana kubva pamutengo kusvika pakutumira.

Kushandura Faira re.SCH kuita Gerber rekugadzira

Faira rechirongwa harigone kugadzirwa zvakananga. Fekitori inovakwa kubva padata reGerber nedrill, bhiri rezvinhu, uye faira rekuisa, saka .SCH inofanira kutakurwa kuburikidza nehurongwa uye yozotumirwa mumafomati anowanikwa mumutsetse wekugadzira.

Matanho makuru ekushandura

• Pedzisa chirongwa: simbisa kuti zviratidzo, kukosha, uye kubatana kwakarurama.
• Isa tsoka: gadzira chiratidzo chega chega kuti chienderane nepatani yenyika yakasimbiswa.
• Ronga bhodhi: isa zvikamu uye ronga nzira dzekubatanidza kubva pane netlist.
• Tarisai mitemo yekugadzira: Kutyorwa kwenzvimbo yekubata, upamhi, uye kutyorwa kwemiganhu yenzvimbo.
• Gadzira ruzivo rwekugadzira: tuma Gerber layers neNC drill file.
• Data rekugadzira zvinhu kunze kwenyika: buritsa BOM nefaira rekuisa pakati penzvimbo.

Kutumira pakeji iyi yakazara, kwete kungoratidza chete, kunoita kuti fekitori inyore uye ivakwe nemazvo kekutanga. Zvakakosha zvikuru pamagadzirirwo akaomarara akadai semabhodhi ekudzora marobhoti atinovaka, uye mainjiniya panzvimbo yedu yeChina vanogona kusimbisa marongero enyu ekutumira kunze kwenyika musati maburitswa.

Kushandura schematic kuita chimwe chinhu chinogona kugadzirwa nefekitori kunotevera nzira yakatarwa. Schematic inogadzira netlist inoronga kubatana kwese; iyo netlist inotyaira marongerwo ePCB, uko zvikamu zvinoiswa uye zvinoteverwa; uye marongerwo apera anotumirwa kunze kwenyika semafaira eGerber neNC drill, pamwe nebhiri rezvinhu uye data rekusarudza-ne-nzvimbo rekuunganidza. Schematic yega haigone kutaurwa kuti igadziriswe - ndiyo sosi inobva mafaira anogadzirwa.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Ndeipi purogiramu inovhura faira re .sch?

Zvinoenderana nekuti chishandiso chipi chakachigadzira. Eagle, KiCad, OrCAD, nedzimwe dzese dzinoshandisa .sch kana zvimwe zvakafanana zvine mafomati akasiyana emukati, saka sarudzo yakachengeteka ndiyo software yekutanga. Vamwe vanoona vanogona kupinza mafomati ekunze, uye PDF export inovhurwa chero kupi.

Faira re .sch rakafanana here nefaira rePCB?

Kwete. Faira re .sch rinobata schematic — circuit logic uye connections. Marongerwo ePCB, anotsanangura kuiswa kwemuviri uye kurongeka kwemhangura, anochengetwa zvakasiyana, kazhinji nekuwedzera kwe .brd, .pcb, kana .PcbDoc.

Ndingatumira faira rangu re .sch kumugadziri wePCB kuti ndigadzire bhodhi here?

Kazhinji kwete. Vagadziri vanogadzira kubva padata rekugadzira reGerber kana ODB++, mafaira ekuboorera, bhiri rezvinhu, uye mafaira ekuisa anotumirwa kubva padhizaini yako. Chirongwa ichi chinobatsira sekutarisa asi hachina hunhu hunodiwa kugadzira bhodhi.

Ndingashandura sei schematic kuita mafaira ekugadzira?

Mukati meEDA tool yako, isa tsoka, pedzisa PCB layout, mhanyisa design-rule uye electrical checks, wobva waburitsa Gerber/ODB++, NC drill file, BOM, uye centroid data. Mafaira iwayo anotumirwa kunze ndiwo aunotumira kufekitori.

Sei chimwe chishandiso cheEDA chisingavhure faira rangu re .sch nemazvo?

Nekuti chishandiso chimwe nechimwe chinochengeta ma schematics muchimiro chayo. Kunyangwe kana mapurogiramu maviri ese achishandisa .sch extension, chimiro chemukati chinosiyana, saka kuvhura pamwe chete kunogona kutadza kana kurasikirwa neruzivo. Kutumira kunze fomati isina kwayakarerekera senge PDF kana netlist kunodzivisa izvi.

Ko chirongwa ichi chinokanganisa here bhajeti yezvinhu?

Ehe. BOM inogadzirwa kubva muzvikamu zviri muchirongwa, kusanganisira nhamba dzezvikamu uye kukosha. Zvikanganiso kana kusiyiwa muchirongwa zvinopinda zvakananga muBOM, ndosaka zvichifanira kuongororwa zvisati zvaburitswa.

Mugadziri achaongorora dhizaini yangu asati agadzira here?

Mugadziri akanaka anoita ongororo yekugadzirwa kwemafaira ako akatumirwa kunze kwenyika, achiongorora tsoka, netlist, uye BOM achienzanisa nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinobata zvikanganiso zvinobva muhurongwa nekukurumidza, zvisati zvasvika pabhodhi rakagadzirwa uye rakaunganidzwa.

Mugadziri anogona kugadzira bhodhi zvakananga kubva kufaira re .sch here?

Kwete. Faira rine purani rinotsanangura dhizaini ine musoro, kwete bhodhi chairo. Mugadziri anoda kuti dhizaini yacho itumirwe kunze kwenyika semafaira eGerber neNC drill, pamwe neBOM nedata rekusarudza nekuisa, kuti agadzire uye aunganidze bhodhi.

Ndingavhura sei faira re .sch kana ndisina software yekutanga?

Zvishandiso zvakawanda zveEDA zvinopa vaoni vemahara, uye mamwe mafomati anovhurwa muvaoni vanoenderana kana kuti vari paindaneti. Nzira yakavimbika ndeyekuivhura muchirongwa chakaigadzira, kana kukumbira mugadziri kuti atumire PDF nemafaira ekugadzira kunze kwenyika.

Faira rechirongwa rakafanana here nefaira reGerber?

Kwete. Chinyorwa chinobata pfungwa dzedunhu uye zvinobatanidzwa, ukuwo mafaira eGerber achitsanangura zvidimbu zvemhangura chaiyo, mask, uye silkscreen zvinoshandiswa kugadzira bhodhi. MaGerber anogadzirwa kubva pakurongeka, uko kwakavakirwa pachirongwa.

Ndeapi mafaira andinofanira kutumira kuti ndiwane mutengo wePCB?

Tumira mafaira eGerber neNC drill, bhodhi, uye stackup, pamwe neBOM nefaira rekusarudza-uye-kuisa kuti riunganidzwe. Manotsi akajeka pamusoro pezvinhu, kupedzisa, uye huwandu, regai fekitori itaure nezvechivakwa chaicho pane kufungidzira.

Sei faira rangu re .sch risingavhurike pane imwe komputa?

Kazhinji muchina mumwe unoshaya chishandiso cheEDA kana raibhurari yakachigadzira, kana kuti faira racho rinotaridza zvikamu kubva kuraibhurari isipo. Kuisa chishandiso chimwe chete, kana kugamuchira faira rekuona rakatumirwa kunze kwenyika, kunogadzirisa dambudziko racho.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pefaira re schematic nefaira re layout?

Faira rehurongwa rinochengeta dhizaini ine musoro — zviratidzo nekubatana — ukuwo faira rehurongwa richichengeta bhodhi chairo: nzvimbo dzezvikamu, mhangura, uye stackup. Dhizaini yacho yakavakwa kubva muhurongwa uye ndiyo inotumirwa mafaira ekugadzira.