PCB Dhizaini Madhizaini eKuchinja Magetsi Supplies

Kugadzira switching power supply (SPS) PCB inoda kunyatsotariswa kune zvakadzama kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakagadzikana uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemagetsi (EMI). Kubva pakurongwa kusvika pakurongwa, nhanho imwe neimwe yakakosha. Gwaro iri rakazara rinoongorora zvakakosha uye maitiro akanakisa ekugadzira inoshanda uye yakavimbika SPS PCB.

Schematic kune PCB Dhizaini Flow

Kuchinja kubva pakugadzira schematic kuenda kuPCB kunosanganisira matanho anoverengeka akakosha:

1. Gadzira Chikamu Parameters: Tsanangura zvakatemwa zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe, uchifunga nezve voltage, zvazvino, uye frequency zvinodiwa.
2. Isa Schematic Netlist: Chinja schematic mune netlist fomati inogona kushandiswa kuPCB marongero.
3. Dhizaina Parameter Zvirongwa: Gadzirisa PCB dhizaini software neinodiwa paramita, zvinosanganisira trace wides, clearances, uye layers.
4. Manual Layout: Ronga izvo zvinoumba paPCB zvinoenderana nehurongwa uye dhizaini zvinodiwa.
5. Manual Routing: Rondedzera zvinoteedzera pakati pezvikamu, kuve nechokwadi chepakati chakakodzera uye kudzivirira kukanganisa.
6. Dhizaini Kusimbiswa: Simbisa dhizaini yemagetsi uye mekiniki kutendeseka, kusanganisira kutendeseka kwechiratidzo uye kufunga kwekupisa.
7. ongorora: Ita ongororo yakakwana yedhizaini kuti uone kuti inosangana nezvose zvinodiwa.
8. CAM Output: Gadzira mafaera ekupedzisira ekuburitsa ekugadzira.

Circuit Board Layout Parameters yeKuchinja Magetsi Supplies

Kuti ive nechokwadi chekutendeseka kwesimba mukuchinja magetsi (SPS) magadzirirwo, kunyatsotariswa kunofanirwa kupihwa kune redunhu bhodhi marongero. Aya anotevera ma paramita akakosha pakugadzira yakasimba simba rekutumira network (PDN) iyo inogona kupa yakachena uye isina kukanganiswa simba kune ese maficha uku uchideredza kupindira:

1. Board Layer Configuration uye Stackup: Tanga nechirongwa chinoratidza magetsi ese ari pabhodhi. Gadzirisa iyo stackup yekugonesa chiratidzo uye simba rekuvimbika. Position simba nendege dzepasi kune dzakakwana chiratidzo chekudzoka nzira, inodzorwa impedance routing, uye magetsi ega ega.
2. Kugadzira Mitemo uye Zvipingamupinyi: Gadzira mitemo yekutevera hupamhi, nzvimbo, uye hunhu hwekudurura mhangura. Funga kushandisa mambure makirasi kubata iyi mitemo nemazvo. Yepamberi PCB maturusi ekugadzira, akadai seCadence Allegro's PCB Mharidzo, inopa kugona kutsigira zvinodikanwa zvekufambisa zvePDN.
3. Kuisa uye Nhungamiro Yekufambisa: Tevedzera aya madhiraivha ekuchinja magetsi ekushandisa:
   • Component Placement: Isa zvikamu kuti uderedze kureba kwekutevera uye kukwidziridza nzira dzechiratidzo. Chengetedza zvinhu zvakakwirira-zvazvino zviri padyo neazvo decoupling capacitors kuti uderedze inductance.
   • hwokutiparadza: Nzira yemagetsi inotsvaga zvakafara sezvinobvira kuderedza kupikisa uye kudonha kwemagetsi. Shandisa akawanda vias epamusoro-ikozvino nzira kuderedza kuramba uye kunatsiridza kupisa kwekuita. Chengetedza zvishwe zvakakwirira-zvazvino zvipfupi uye compact kuderedza EMI.
   • Decoupling Capacitors: Isai decoupling capacitors padyo sezvinobvira kumapini emagetsi ezvikamu zvavanenge vachibvisa kuti vape nzira yakaderera-impedance ye-high-frequency ruzha.
   • Kusvipa: Shandisa ndege yepasi yakasimba kuti ipe nzira yakaderera-impedance yekudzoka kwemhepo. Shandisa stitching vias kubatanidza akasiyana pasi akaturikidzana uye kuderedza pasi zvishwe.
   • Chiratidzo Kuperera: Shandisa inodzorwa impedance routing kune yakakwira-kumhanya masaini kuti uderedze chiratidzo chekuratidzira uye kuve nechokwadi chekutendeka kwechiratidzo.

Nekunyatsoongorora ma parameter aya nemirairo, unogona kugadzira dhizaini yePCB inowedzera simba uye inoderedza kupindira mukuchinjana kwemagetsi.

Kushandura Power Supplies Component Layout

Paunenge uchiisa kunze zvikamu, funga saizi yePCB sechinhu chakakosha. Iyo yakakura kwazvo PCB inogona kutungamira kune hurefu hwekutevera hurefu, kuwedzera impedance, kuderedzwa anti-ruzha kugona, uye mitengo yakakwira. Sezvineiwo, iyo undersized PCB inogona kutambura nekusapisa kupisa kupisa uye kuwedzera kupindira. The optimal shape for a PCB is rectangular, ine hurefu-ku-upamhi reshiyo ye3:2 kana 4:3. Zvikamu zvakaiswa padyo nemupendero webhodhi zvinofanirwa kunge zviri kure ne2mm kudzivirira zvingangoitika.

Mukuiswa kwechikamu, tungamira kufunga mune ramangwana rekutengesa uye dzivirira yakawandisa dhizaini hurongwa hunogona kukanganisa maitiro ekutengesa. Ronga zvikamu zvakafanana, zvakatsvinda, uye zvakatenderedza zvakatenderedza zvikamu zvepakati peseti inoshanda. Deredza uye kupfupisa waya dzekutungamira uye kubatanidzwa pakati pezvikamu, uye isa decoupling capacitor padyo neVCC yechikamu sezvinobvira.

Funga nezvekugovera parameters pakati pezvikamu, kunyanya kune masekete anoshanda pamhepo huru. Zvikamu zvinofanirwa kurongeka zvakaenzana sezvinobvira kufambisa soldering uye kugadzirwa kwemazhinji. Ronga zvinzvimbo zveimwe neimwe inoshanda yedunhu unit zvinoenderana nekuyerera kwedunhu kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti marongerwo akakodzera kutenderera kwechiratidzo uye inochengetedza kuenderana kwechiratidzo. Chekupedzisira, ita shuwa yekufambisa achitsetsenura seyo yekutanga dhizaini musimboti, kutarisisa kune inobhururuka waya yekubatanidza uye nekuisa zvinhu zvine maatanidzo pamwe chete kuderedza kureba kwenzira yechiratidzo.

Kugadziridza Grounding yeStable switching Power Supply Operation

Kuchinja magetsi kune masaini akakwira-frequency, uye chero mutsara wakadhindwa paPCB unogona kuita senge antenna. Kureba uye hupamhi hwemutsara wakadhindwa unokanganisa impedance yayo uye kuita, nekudaro zvichipesvedzera frequency mhinduro. Kunyangwe mitsara yakadhindwa inotakura masaini eDC inogona kubatana neRF masaini kubva kumitsara yakadhindwa iri pedyo uye kukonzera matambudziko edunhu (kana kunyange kupenyazve masaini ekupindira).

Kurerutsa izvi, mitsetse yose yakadhindwa inotakura AC inofanira kugadzirwa ipfupi uye yakafara sezvinobvira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvikamu zvese zvakabatana netambo dzakadhindwa uye mamwe tambo dzemagetsi dzinofanirwa kuiswa padyo sezvinobvira. Kureba kwemutsara wakadhindwa kunoenderana neiyo inductance uye impedance, nepo hupamhi huri inversely proportional kune inductance uye impedance. Iyo yakareba kureba, inodzikira frequency iyo mutsara wakadhindwa unogona kufambisa uye kugamuchira mafungu emagetsi, uye kuwedzera kweRF simba kwainogona kupenya.

Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti unyatso funga nezvekuiswa kwewaya yepasi muhurongwa kuti usasanganise zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune kusagadzikana kwekushanda kwemagetsi. Grounding inoita basa rakakosha senzvimbo yakajairika yezvishwe zvina zvazvino zvemagetsi ekuchinja uye inzira yakakosha yekudzora kupindira. Heano mamwe mapoinzi akakosha ekucherechedza mukugadzirwa kwevhu:

1. Sarudza imwe-point grounding: Iyo yakajairwa terminal yesefa capacitor inofanirwa kunge iri iyo chete yekubatanidza kune yakajairika pasi yakabatana kune yakakura ikozvino AC pasi. Nzvimbo dzepasi dzedunhu rakafanana-level redunhu rinofanira kunge riri padyo sezvinobvira, uye iyo firita capacitor yedunhu guru inofanirawo kubatanidzwa kune yepasi nzvimbo yezinga.
2. Kobvuta waya yepasi: Iva nechokwadi chokuti imwe neimwe terminal yemagetsi hombe inoshandisa waya yakadhindwa ipfupi uye yakafara sezvinobvira. Upamhi hwesimba uye mitsara yepasi inofanira kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, nemutsara wepasi zvichida wakafara kudarika tambo yemagetsi. Hukama huri pakati pehupamhi hwazvo hunofanira kuva: mutsara wepasi> tambo yemagetsi> mutsara wechiratidzo. Kana zvichibvira, hupamhi hwetambo yepasi inofanira kuva yakakura kudarika 3mm.
3. Global routing nheyo: Tevedzera misimboti iyi paunenge uchiitisa pasi rose:
   • Routing dhairekitori: Chengeta kutaridzika kwezvikamu kunoenderana neiyo schematic dhizaini, uye nzira yekufambisa inofanirwa kuenderana nedhiyagiramu yedunhu.
   • Deredza huwandu hwekutendeuka munzira, dzivirira shanduko dzinongoerekana dzachinja muhupamhi hwemutsara, uye ona kuti makona ewaya ari ≥90 madhigirii.
   • Dzivisa kuyambuka matunhu munharaunda yakadhindwa. Shandisa nzira dzakaita se "drill" kana "loop" kugadzirisa matambudziko anogona kuyambuka.
4. Input and output ground: Kune yakaderera-voltage DC-DC inoshandura magetsi, mativi ese edunhu anofanirwa kuve neakajairika referensi pasi. Mushure mekuputira mhangura mativi ese ewaya yepasi, anofanirwa kubatanidzwa pamwe chete kuti aite nzvimbo yakafanana.

Yakakosha Cheki yeWiring uye Grounding muPCB Dhizaini

Mushure mekunge dhizaini yapera, zvinodikanwa kunyatso tarisa kana iyo wiring dhizaini inoenderana nemitemo yakadzikwa nemugadziri, uye zvakare kusimbisa kana iyo yakatemerwa mitemo inosangana nezvinodiwa zvePCB kugadzira. Kazhinji, tarisa kana madaro ari pakati pemitsara nemitsara, mitsetse uye mapedhi echikamu, mitsetse nemaburi, mapedhi echikamu uye nemaburi, uye pakati pemaburi ane musoro uye anozadzisa zvinodiwa zvekugadzira.

Tarisa kana hupamhi hwesimba uye mitsara yepasi yakakodzera, uye kana paine chero nzvimbo muPCB umo mitsetse yepasi inogona kuwedzerwa. Ongorora: Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvinogona kufuratirwa, senge chikamu chechidimbu chezvimwe zvinongedzo zvinoiswa kunze kwebhodhi furemu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa mukuchekidza nzvimbo; zvakare, mushure mekushandurwa kwega kwega kune wiring uye kuburikidza-maburi, iyo mhangura inofanira kudzokororwa.

Final Design Checks

Tarisa zvakare uchipesana ne "PCB Cheki Rokuongororwa" iyo inosanganisira dhizaini mitemo, tsananguro yedhizaini, kuteedzera upamhi, kupatsanura, mapadhi uye kuburikidza nemaseting. Uye zvakare, tarisa pakuongorora kurongeka kwekuiswa kwechikamu, kufambiswa kwesimba uye pasi network, nzira yeakakwira-speed wachi network, kudzivirira, kuiswa uye kubatana kwe decoupling capacitors, nezvimwe.
Dhizaini yekubuda inotariswa yephotomask faira kubuda:

A. Matanho ekubuda anosanganisira wiring layer (yezasi layer), silk screen layer (kusanganisira top layer ne bottom layer silk screen), solder mask layer (pazasi solder mask layer), drilling layer (pazasi layer), uye drilling mafaira (nc drilling ) inogadzirwa zvakare.

B. Pakuisa nhamba yemasikirini emasikirini, usasarudza rudzi rwechikamu; sarudza chinyorwa, zvinyorwa, uye mitsara yepamusoro (pazasi) uye sirika skrini masikirini.

C. Paunenge uchiisa zvidimbu zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe, sarudza chinyorwa chebhodhi; paunenge uchiisa nhamba yezvikamu zvesiriki chidzitiro chesikirini, usasarudza rudzi rwechikamu; sarudza chinyorwa, zvinyorwa, uye mitsara yepamusoro (pazasi) uye sirika skrini masikirini.

D. Paunenge uchigadzira mafaira ekuchera, shandisa zvigadziriso zvePowerPCB pasina kuita chero shanduko.

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