Kugadzira PCB Yemhando Yakanaka Yepamusoro Yekushandisa Nzira Dzakawanda

Kugadzira PCB Mutsetse Wakanaka Kwazvo Kunotanga Nemitemo Yekugadzira

"Mutsetse mutete kwazvo" hausi kirasi yemhando yepamusoro. Chinangwa chemutsetse/nzvimbo chaiyo, ukobvu hwemhangura, zvinhu, rudzi rwechikamu uye zvinotarisirwa pakukohwa zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa pabasa rega rega.

Taura upamhi hushoma hwetrace uye nzvimbo nedanho, uye tarisa kana kukosha kuchishanda usati wagadzirisa kana mushure mekugadzirisa. Ongorora zvinangwa zvemutsara mutete zvine huremu hwemhangura nenzira yekuenzanisa kwete senhamba yakatsaurwa. Kana kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo kuchikoshawo, batanidza dhizaini nezvinodiwa zvePCB zvine frequency yakakwira.

"Mutsetse mutete wepamusoro" itsananguro inoenderana, kwete zvirevo zvekugadzira zvese. Zvinodiwa zvine musoro zvinosanganisira upamhi hwemuchina wekufambisa uye nzvimbo iri pakati pechikamu chimwe nechimwe, ukobvu hwemhangura, nzira yekushanda, uye shanduko inogamuchirwa. Chinangwa chinogoneka pachikamu chemukati chemhangura chakatetepa chingasaenzane nemutsetse/nzvimbo imwecheteyo pachikamu chekunze chine plating yemhangura yakawedzerwa. Nechikonzero ichocho, mitemo yekugadzira inofanira kutaurwa nechikamu uye nemamiriro ekushanda.

Siyanisawo CAD geometry kubva kune kondakita yakapedzwa. Patani yacho inogona kukanganiswa ne resist definition, etching, plating, uye local copper density, saka mutsetse wakapedzwa unogona kusiyana nemutsetse wakadhirowa. Kana dunhu racho riine fine-pitch escape routing, dense pad fields, kana kuti neck-downs dzakamanikana, ratidza nzvimbo idzi panguva yekuongorora DFM. Zviri nani kugadzirisa nhamba diki dzekuchinja kwakakosha pakutanga pane kuvimba nechirevo che generic chekuti dhizaini yese "fine line."

Ukobvu hwemhangura, Mapatani uye Geometry yemitsara

Zvinhu zvakanaka zvinova zvakaoma kudzora sezvo ukobvu hwemhangura huchiwedzera zvichienzaniswa nehupamhi hwemutsara. Mhangura yekutanga, kuunganidza maplate, kumira kweprofile, etching kana flash-etch mamiriro uye huwandu hwemapatani emunzvimbo zvinogona kukanganisa geometry yekupedzisira ye conductor. Mutengesi anofanira kuongorora hwindo rekuita asati asimbisa saizi shoma.

Kana kugadziriswa kwechikamu chekuwedzera kuchidikanwa, taura zvakajeka pane kufunga kuti vatengesi vese vanoshandisa nzira imwe chete. Kubvisa kwetsika uye mapatani e mSAP zvinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzemaitiro.

1. Nei ukobvu hwemhangura huchinje chimiro chemutsetse unogoneka

Kugona kwemutsara mutete hakutsanangurwi nehupamhi hwemutsetse uye nzvimbo chete. Foil yekutanga yemhangura, mhangura inowedzerwa panguva yekuputira, ukobvu hwekudzivirira uye chimiro, kupatsanurwa kwe etch, uye kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira kwenzvimbo zvese zvinokanganisa chimiro chemutyairi. Sezvo ukobvu hwemhangura huchiwedzera zvichienzaniswa nehupamhi hwemutsetse wakatarwa, chimiro chemadziro erutivi chinowedzera kuoma kudzora uye nzvimbo iri pakati pemadhaivha ari pedyo inogona kutetepa kana kusiyana. Nokudaro, kukosha kwemutsetse/nzvimbo kunofanirwa kugara kuchiongororwa nehuremu hwemhangura nerudzi rwechikamu chakabatanidzwa pairi.

Bvunza kana chiyero chidiki chakataurwa chichitaura nezve data rekugadzira, mufananidzo uri pa resist, kana chimiro chemhangura chapera. Izvi hazvifanani zvachose. Chirevo chakavakirwa pachiyero cheCAD chingada mvumo yekushanda kuitira kuti bhodhi rapera risangane nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi nezvidimbu. Taura chiyero chidiki pane chimwe nechimwe chikamu chakasiyana kana plating yekunze uye etching yemukati zvichishandisa zvivakwa zvakasiyana zvemhangura.

2. Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvishoma, mSAP neSAP hazvisi mavara anochinjika

Mukugadzirisa zvinhu nenzira yemazuva ese, hwaro hwemhangura hunoiswa mapatani uye mhangura isingadiwe inobviswa. Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvishoma kunowanzo shandisa jira rembeu rinofambisa mvura, resist ine mapatani, copper plating mumaburi, resist stripping uye kubviswa kwemhangura yakafumurwa. Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvishoma kunogadzirawo maficha emuchina wekufambisa mvura uchishandisa jira rembeu uye plating, asi substrate yayo yakadzama uye kutevedzana kwemaitiro zvinogona kusiyana. Mazita chaiwo emaitiro nemahwindo emaitiro anowanikwa anofanira kusimbiswa nemugadziri akasarudzwa.

Pakutenga, musataure mSAP nekuti dhizaini yacho inonzi "mutsetse mutete." Ipai zvinodiwa zve geometry ne copper, mobva mabvunza mugadziri kuti akurudzire nzira yakakodzera yekugadzira. Kana maitiro acho achidikanwa pakugadzira, taurai zvakajeka uye simbisai kuti fekitari inogona kutsigira zvinhu zvakumbirwa, kuvaka layer, saizi yepanel uye vhoriyamu.

3. Upamhi hwemitsara, nzvimbo uye geometry chaiyo yemagetsi

Upamhi hwetrace hunokanganisa resistance uye kugona kwemagetsi; spacing inokanganisa clearance yemagetsi uye coupling; uye cross-sectional profile inokanganisa zvese zviri zviviri. Kune controlled impedance, trace chikamu che transmission-line structure iyo inosanganisirawo dielectric thickness, dielectric properties, reference-plane geometry uye adjoiners conductors. Mutsetse wakamanikana hauvimbise wega kuti pane target impedance, uye kuderedza spacing kunogona kuwedzera crosstalk kana kugadzira njodzi dzemagadzirirwo.

Kana paine zviratidzo zvekumhanya kwakanyanya, ipai chinangwa chekupindira uye kushivirira, reference layer, stack-up yakakodzera, uye chero differential-pair spacing. Geometry yekupedzisira inofanira kuongororwa zvichienderana nekugadzirwa chaiko kwemhangura ne dielectric. Kana ukobvu hwe laminate kana layer hukachinja, zviyero zve trace zvingada kuverengerwa patsva pane kukopa zvisina kuchinja kubva pane zvakamboitwa kare.

4. Mitemo yekuisa zvinhu inodzivirira goho remutsetse wakanaka

Ongorora mitsipa yemunzvimbo, makona akapinza, zvidimbu zvemhangura zvakatetepa, zvitsuwa zvemhangura zvakaparadzana, nzvimbo dzakatetepa dzekubuda nadzo, nzvimbo dzakatetepa dzekubuda nadzo, nzvimbo dzakasungirirwa nemasiki esimbi, nzvimbo dzakabviswa nemhangura kubva kumucheto kusvika kumucheto uye nzvimbo dzakabviswa nepakati. Dhizaini inogona kusangana nemutemo wepasi rose wemutsetse/nzvimbo asi ichiri nenzvimbo dzakaparadzana uko geometry yakaoma zvikuru kuitora kana kuinyora nguva dzose. Nyatsoteerera kuchinja kwakapoteredza nzvimbo dzakatetepa dzeBGA, kuburikidza nematanho ekubata netsoka dzekubatanidza.

Kugadziriswa kwemapaneru nekugoverwa kwemhangura zvine basawo. Nzvimbo dzakakura dzemhangura dziri pedyo nemapatani mashoma zvinogona kugadzira mamiriro akasiyana enzvimbo. Isa zvirambidzo zvepaneru kana zvichikanganisa dhizaini uye bvumira mugadziri kuti akurudzire muripo pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Mhinduro dzeDFM dzinofanira kuratidza nzvimbo chaiyo nehukuru hwacho kuitira kuti timu yekugadzira igone kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo pane kushandisa zororo rakakwana kubhodhi rese.

5. Kuongorora nekugamuchirwa kwezvinhu zvakanaka

Bvumiranai pane zvichayerwa, kuti zvichayerwa kupi, uye kuti mhedzisiro yacho ichataurwa sei. AOI inogona kuona zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvemapatani, asi haitsivi tsananguro yekugamuchirwa kwezvikamu zvese zvakakosha. Zvichienderana neprojekiti, chirongwa ichi chinogona kusanganisira makuponi, ongororo yezvikamu zvakasiyana, kuyedzwa kweimpedance kana kumwe kusimbiswa kwemagetsi. Sarudza kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinodiwa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe uye ndezvipi zvinodiwa chete pakubvumidzwa kwemagwaro kana kuti kutanga kwechinyorwa.

Kuti uwane quotation yePCB ine mutsetse wakanyatsotsetseka, ipa data package, stack-up, copper weights, line/space targets by layer, material, finish, impedance table, quantity uye record recognition recognition. Mhinduro inobatsira yeinjiniya inofanira kutarisa nzira yemaitiro inokurudzirwa uye kuona chero nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzinoda kujekeswa usati waburitswa. Izvi zvinoita kuti quote ive yakavimbika kupfuura kusarudza mutengesi kubva kunhamba imwe chete yemutsetse/space.

Ukobvu hwemhangura ne geometry yemitsara zvinofanira kuongororwa pamwe chete nekuti kuumbwa kwepatani kunobvisa kana kuwedzera mhangura zvichienderana nemaitiro akasarudzwa. Mukugadzirisa kwekubvisa, mhangura yekutanga inogadzirwa nepatani uye inochekwa; chimiro che etch chinogona kukanganisa upamhi hwe conductor uye chimiro che sidewall. Munzira dzekuwedzera kana dzakagadziriswa semi-additive, seed layer tete uye patterned plating sequence zvinogona kutsigira zvinhu zvakapfava, asi hwindo rekuita chaiko rinoenderana ne substrate, kuvaka mbeu, resist, plating, uye matanho ekubvisa mbeu. Zita rekuita chete harisi iro rinosimbisa mutsetse/nzvimbo yakapedzwa yakavimbiswa.

Pakukumbira mutengo, ipai mutsetse/nzvimbo shoma yekugadzira pamwe nezvinodiwa nemhangura. Sarudzai kana kukosha kwacho kuri chinangwa chekugadzira kana kuti muganho wekugamuchirwa pabhodhi rapera. Ratidzaiwo kana zvikamu zvekunze zvichida mhangura yakawedzerwa uye kana dhizaini yacho iine nzvimbo dzine mhangura yakawanda dziri pedyo nezvinhu zvitete. Kuchinja kamwe kamwe muhupamhi hwetrace, nzvimbo dzemhangura dzakakora, uye mipata midiki zvinogona kuita kuti kutonga kwemaitiro emunharaunda kuve kwakaoma, saka sampuro yekugadzirwa kana coupon inogona kubatsira kana application ichiratidza kuti ndizvo zvazviri.

Impedance, Crosstalk uye Signal Integrity

Zvidimbu zvidiki hazvivandudze kusimba kwechiratidzo otomatiki. Kusapindirana kunoenderana nemaitiro ekutevera, ukobvu hwemhangura, hunhu hwe dielectric, nzvimbo yekutarisa-kutenderera uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza. Nzvimbo diki inogonawo kuwedzera kubatana uye kutaura kana nzira dzekufambisa nedzekutenderera dzisina kugadzirwa nemazvo.

Ipai chinangwa chekupindira, kushivirira, mareferensi uye mamiriro akakodzera efrequency kana edge-rate. Shandisai controlled impedance PCB review kuti mufunge nezve geometry uye stack-up pamwe chete.

Nzira yekufambisa zvinhu mumutsara mutete inofanira kugadzirwa zvichienderana ne geometry yakazara yemutsetse wekutumira zvinhu. Kupindirana kwemhando kunoenderana nehupamhi hwetrace uye ukobvu, dielectric constant, urefu hwedielectric, uye configuration yereference-plane. Kana chimwe chezvinhu izvi chikachinja panguva yekugadzira kana kugadzirisa stack-up, impedance inozobuda inogona kuchinja kunyangwe kana CAD trace width ikaramba yakafanana. Ipa target impedance uye tolerance pamwe chete nereference layer uye material system.

Kupatsanurana kwenzvimbo imhando yemagetsi inoshandukawo. Kupatsanurana kwakabatana kunogona kuwedzera crosstalk, uye kusagadzikana kwakakomberedza mapedhi, mitsipa, mavias, uye kupatsanurwa kwereferensi kunogona kukanganisa maitiro echiratidzo. Kune mapeya akasiyana, tsanangurai geometry yepeya uye hukama hunodiwa hweimpedance; kune mambure ane magumo ekukurumidza, tsvagai mambure akakosha nemamiriro avo ereferensi. Izvi zvinodiwa zvinofanirwa kuongororwa nePCB service yeimpedance inodzorwa sedambudziko rakarongeka re stack-up uye routing, kwete kugadziriswa nekuchinja upamhi hwemutsara chete.

Kuongororwa kweDFM Kunodzivirira Kubudirira Kwemutsetse Wakanaka

Ongororo yeDFM inofanira kutarisa nzvimbo shoma, mitsipa yakadzika, makona akajeka, zvidimbu zvemhangura zvakaparadzana, kunyoreswa kwemasikisi anosungirirwa, kuchinja kwepad-to-trace uye kugona kugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kuenzanisa mhangura uye marongerwo epaneru zvinogonawo kukanganisa kugadzikana kwemaitiro.

Usavimba nepfungwa yekuti "zvinokwanisa kunyorwa zvakanaka" pasina kurongwa kwakatarwa uye data rakatarwa. Goverana zvabuda mukugadzira uye shandisa ongororo yeDFM kuti uone kusawirirana kwemitemo yekugadzira usati waburitsa maturusi.

Ongororo inobatsira yeDFM inoongorora upamhi hunopfuura hushoma hwetrace. Inofanira kuona zvidimbu zvemhangura zvakaparadzana, mitsipa yakamanikana, makona akajeka, nzvimbo dzisina kujeka, kuchinja kwepad-to-trace, zvinhu zvemhangura pedyo nemipendero yebhodhi, njodzi dzekunyoresa mask, uye mapfupi anogona kuitika mushure mekuita mapatani. Muongorori anofanirawo kutarisa kudyidzana kuripo pakati penzvimbo yemutsara mutete uye kupararira kwemhangura kwakakura kune dzimwe nzvimbo pane imwe layer. Kuwanda kwenzvimbo uye kuchinja kamwe kamwe zvinogona kukanganisa kuenderana kwemaitiro.

Ongorora zvinodiwa pabhodhi rakapedzwa pamwe chete neunyanzvi: kupedzwa kwenzvimbo, maburi ekusolder-mask, mukana wekupinda padhebhu rekuyera, uye geometry yedhebhu rekuungana zvinogona kuisa zvipingamupinyi pazvinhu zvidiki zvikuru. Kana purojekiti ichishandisa huremu hwakawanda hwemhangura, simbisa kuti mitemo yekugadzira yakakodzera dhebhu rega rega pane kukopa kukosha kumwe chete mukati menguva yese yekuunganidza. Ongororo yeDFM inofanira kupera nemibvunzo chaiyo kana shanduko dzinogona kugamuchirwa, kurambwa, kana kujekeswa nemuridzi wedhebhu.

Kuongorora uye Kugamuchirwa Criteria

Bvumiranai kuti upamhi hwemutsetse nenzvimbo zvichasimbiswa sei uye kuti chii chinogamuchirwa. AOI inogona kuona zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvinooneka patani, asi hurongwa hwekuongorora hunofanira kuenderana nekuvakwa kwebhodhi, saizi yezvimiro uye zvinodiwa nevatengi.

Pakuvaka kwakakosha, tsanangura zvinodiwa nemakuponi, nzvimbo dzekuyera, mishumo uye bvunzo dzemagetsi. Kana bhodhi richizozadzwa nevanhu, batanidzai mapedhi nePCB assembly.

Nzira dzekuongorora dzinofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwechinhu chacho uye rudzi rwechikanganiso chakakosha. AOI inogona kuona zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvemapatani, asi hurongwa hwekugamuchira hunofanira kutaura zviyero zvemuchina wekufambisa, nzvimbo, uye zvinodiwa zvechikanganiso. Kune majometri akakosha, mutengi nemugadziri wezvinhu vangangoda kubvumirana panzvimbo dzekuyera, dhizaini yemakuponi, fomati yemishumo, uye kuti zviyero zvemuganhu zvinobatwa sei.

Tsanangura bvunzo yemagetsi inodiwa zvakasiyana nekutarisa maitiro ekuona. Kuenderera mberi kwemagetsi uye kuyedzwa kwekuparadzanisa kunogona kuona macircuit akavhurika kana mapfupi, asi hazvirevi hazvo kuti zvinotsanangura musiyano wese wehupamhi hwemutsetse. Kana kupindira kuri chinodiwa chinodzorwa, taura coupon kana nzira yekuyedza uye tarisiro yekubika. Kune mabhodhi akabatanidzwa, ita shuwa kuti dhizaini yemutsara mudiki inotsigirawo kunyoreswa kwemasikisi esimbi, mapatani enzvimbo yezvikamu, uye nzira yekuongorora gungano.

Kumbira Mutengo wePCB weUltra Fine Line

Tumira data reGerber kana ODB++, kuunganidzwa kwesimbi, huremu hwemhangura, mutsetse/nzvimbo shoma nerukoko, zvinhu, kupedzisa kwenzvimbo, tafura ye impedance, saizi yebhodhi, huwandu uye zuva rechinangwa. Kana dhizaini yacho iri yekutanga, ipa zviyero zvechinangwa uye zvinodiwa nemagetsi kuitira kuti zvigone kukurukurwa nezvekuita kwechinhu usati waisa tambo.

Pakugadzira nekubatanidza, isa data reBOM nekutora-uye-kuisa. Tanga papeji rekotesheni yePCB woongorora masevhisi ekugadzira PCB.

Kuti uwane mutengo unobatsira, ipai data reGerber kana ODB++, muunganidzwa wakakwana, huremu hwemhangura nerukoko, mutsetse/nzvimbo nerukoko, zvinhu, ukobvu hwakapedzwa, kupedzisa kwepamusoro, zvinodiwa zve impedance, bhodhi, huwandu, uye chinangwa chekuendesa. Sarudza zvinhu zvakakosha uye tsanangura kana mutsetse/nzvimbo yakatarwa iri mitemo yekugadzirwa kana kuti miganhu yekugamuchirwa kwebhodhi yakapedzwa. Kana paine zvinodiwa nemutengi kana mwero wekudhirowa, isawo kugadziriswa kwayo.

Kana dhizaini ichiri kugadzirwa, govera basa raunoda, pitch yechikamu, zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvenet, uye chero kuchinjika kwemutsara/nzvimbo kana zvinhu. Izvi zvinobatsira ongororo yeinjiniya kusiyanisa zvinodiwa zvinofanirwa kuve nazvo kubva pane zvinodiwa zvinogona kugadziriswa kuti zvivandudze kugadzirwa kana mutengo. Kana kubatanidzwa kwabatanidzwa, wedzera BOM, data rekuisa, dhizaini yekubatanidza, uye zvinodiwa zvekuyedza kuitira kuti chiyero chose chepurojekiti chigone kutaurwa pane kuona bhodhi risina chinhu serinopihwa chete.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Ndeipi mutsetse nenzvimbo zvaunogona kugadzira?

Chinhu chidiki chinodiwa chinoenderana nekukora kwemhangura, rukoko, zvinhu, nzira yekushanda, marongerwo epaneru uye zvinodiwa zvekugamuchira. Tumira zvakaunganidzwa nedata kuti zviongororwe neinjiniya.

Mutsetse wakapfava zvakanyanya unoda mSAP nguva dzose here?

Kwete. Maitiro akakodzera anoenderana nejometri yakumbirwa uye kuvakwa kwayo. Mugadziri anofanira kuongorora kana kubvisa, mSAP kana imwe nzira yakakodzera yakakodzera.

Nderupi ruzivo rwakakosha pakutaura?

Mutsetse/nzvimbo diki nerukoko, huremu hwemhangura, murwi, zvinhu, zvinodiwa ne impedance, saizi yebhodhi, huwandu, kupedzisa uye chinangwa chekuendesa.