Gwaro rekugadzira PCB reSensor yeTembiricha yeMvura

PCB yekupisa kwemvura ibhodhi redunhu rinoyera, uye rinowanzo dzora, tembiricha yemvura richishandisa sensor yekupisa, signal-conditioning electronics, uye dzimwe nguva controller inochinja hita kana pombi. Zvikamu zvakaoma zvedhizaini hazvisi microcontroller code asi zvinhu chaizvo: kusarudza sensor ine kururama kwakakodzera, kuipinza mumvura zvakachengeteka, uye kuchengetedza hunyoro kubva kumagetsi kwemakore. Gwaro iri rinotarisa kusarudzwa kwemasensa, dhizaini yeprobe, kudzivirira mvura, kururama, uye sarudzo dzekugadzira dzinosarudza kana PCB yekupisa kwemvura ichirarama munzvimbo ine mvura.

Zvinoita PCB yeKupisa Kwemvura

Zviri nyore, bhodhi rinoverenga tembiricha rozoishuma. Kazhinji rinoitawo saizvozvo, richichinja hita, pombi, vharuvhu, kana feni kuti ibatisise nzvimbo. Dhizaini imwecheteyo inoonekwa muzvigadzirwa zvakawanda.

• MaAquarium nenzvimbo dzinogara zvinokambaira, yakabata bhandi rekupisa rakatetepa uye rakatsiga.
• Zvidziyo zvemvura nemaboiler, uko miganhu yekuchengetedzwa uye kururama kwekudzora zvese zviri zviviri zvinokosha.
• Zvishandiso zvinotonhorera uye zveHVAC, kutarisa tembiricha yekuyerera kwemvura kuti ishande zvakanaka uye idzivirire.
• Matangi ekugadzira maindasitiri, apo sensor inogona kusangana nemakemikari, kumanikidzwa, kana kusvibiswa.
• midziyo yemagetsi zvakaita semaketero, michina yekofi, uye muchina wekusuka ndiro.

Chishandiso chega chega chinoisa zvinodiwa zvinotevera, kururama kwaunoda, tembiricha, kuti mvura inorova zvakadii, uye kana bhodhi richingonzwa kana kudzora chete. Batanidza izvozvo kutanga, nekuti ndizvo zvinosarudza sensor ne enclosure.

Kusarudza Sensor yeTembiricha

Sensor ndiyo sarudzo inonyanya kukosha mukugadzirwa kwayo. Sarudzo huru dzinochinjana kururama, mutengo, huwandu, uye nyore kubatanidzwa.

Maitiro ekuverenga tafura iyi yemvura

Pamashandisirwo mazhinji emvura, NTC thermistor kana DS18B20 inovhara basa iri nemutengo wakaderera. Sarudza RTD kana uchida kunyatsorongeka kwerabhoritari uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu, uye gamuchira analog front end inonyanya kudiwa inouya nayo. Mhando dzakasiyana dzethermocouple hadziwanzo dikanwa pamvura, iyo inooma nechando uye inofashaira mukati menguva diki. Mhinduro chaiyo ndiyo sensor yakachipa inosangana neyako chaiyo uye yakavimbika, kwete iyo chaiyo iripo.

Kugadzirwa kweProbe: Kupinza Sensor Mumvura

Magadzirirwo akavimbika kupfuura mamwe ese ndeekuparadzanisa chinhu chinonzwa kubva kumagetsi: isa probe yakavharwa mumvura wochengeta bhodhi rakaoma. Izvi zvinodzivirira dambudziko rakaoma kwazvo rekuvimbika mudhizaini yese.

Mapurobhu akavharwa vs masensa akaiswa pabhodhi

Chinovhara simbi, chakadai seDS18B20 musimbi isina ngura kana RTD muchubhu inodzivirira, chinogara mumvura uye chinodzokera kubhodhi netambo. Sensor yedhijitari yakaiswa pabhodhi iri nyore kushandisa magetsi asi inokumanikidza kuti uunze mvura kubhodhi kana kubhodhi mumvura, izvo zvakaoma kuivhara. Kune chero chinhu chakanyudzwa mumvura, nzira yekudzivirira simbi pamwe chete netambo inenge iri nani nguva dzose.

Kubatana kwekupisa uye nguva yekupindura

Chinoongorora tembiricha yemuromo wacho, kwete yemvura zvakananga, saka kubatwa zvakanaka kwekupisa kunokosha. Chinoongorora tembiricha chemadziro matete, chinofambisa kupisa chinopindura nekukurumidza; imba yakakora kana ine mukaha wemhepo inononoka uye inoverenga pasi panguva yekuchinja. Kana chinodzora chako chichifanira kuita nekukurumidza, sarudza chinoongorora tembiricha ine huremu hushoma uye chinobata zvakanaka, wochiisa panzvimbo inofamba mvura kwete muhomwe yakafa.

Kudzivirira Mvura paMagetsi

Mvura nekunyorova ndizvo vavengi vebhodhi rinogara kwenguva refu. Dziviriro inouya pamatanho akasiyana-siyana, uye zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinozvisanganisa.

Kuputira, kuputira, uye mavharo

• Kufananidza kupfeka ipurasitiki yakatetepa inoiswa pamusoro pebhodhi rakaungana, ichidzivirira hunyoro nemasprays. Ndiyo nhanho yakareruka yekudzivirira uye inoshandiswa panguva yekushandiswa kwe Pcb gungano.
• Kuumba Inofukidza bhodhi (kana chikamu chayo) neresin, ichipa dziviriro yakasimba kubva kuhunyoro, kudedera, uye makemikari zvichideredza huremu uye kushanda zvakanaka.
• Nzvimbo yakavharirwa neIP inochengetedza mvura kure nemagetsi zvachose, nepo probe netambo zvichipfuura nepaburi rakavharwa.

Kunzwisisa IP ratings

Kana chinhu chakavharirwa chichidzivirira magetsi, chiyero chayo chekudzivirira kupinda (IP) chinokuudza kuti chinochengetedza sei mvura kuti isapinde. Nhamba yechipiri inofukidza mvura, uye kana yakakwira, dziviriro yakawanda.

Kune sensor iri mumvura, magumo emvura (probe) nemagumo akaoma (bhodhi guru) zvinowanzova nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana: probe yakavharwa kana kuti yakayerwa kunyudzwa, nepo magetsi makuru ari kumashure kweIP67 kana IP68 barrier netambo inopinda nepaburi rakavharirwa. Bhodhi guru iroro richiri kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwePCB kwakajairika ; chiyero chinotsanangura nzvimbo yakakomberedza. Enzanisa chiyero ichi nekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa uye kupi.

Nei hunyoro huchikosha kune bhodhi risina chinhu pacharo

Kunyangwe pasina mvura yemvura, hunyoro hunokanganisa PCB. Hunyoro hunotorwa hunoita kuti dielectric ye laminate ishande zvishoma, izvo zvinogona kukosha pakuyera kwakanyatsojeka, uye zvinokurumidzisa ngura pamhangura yakaratidzwa uye zvikamu. Ndokusaka magumo epamusoro ari sarudzo yekugadzirwa: magumo ekunyudza akadai seENIG (electroless nickel immersion gold) anodzivirira ngura uye kusviba zviri nani pane mhangura isina chinhu, zvichiita kuti ive default ine musoro kune mabhodhi anogara munzvimbo ine hunyoro. Kukurukura magumo nekuputira nekukurumidza nemugadziri wako, zvakanaka sechikamu cheDFM review , kudzivirira bhodhi rinodarika pabhenji asi richikundikana mumunda.

Kugadzirisa Zviratidzo uye Kudzora

Chinotangira analog

Maitiro aunoita kuti chiratidzo chishande zvinoenderana nesensa. NTC thermistor inowanzo gadzira voltage divider inoverengwa neADC, ine nonlinearity yakagadziriswa musoftware. RTD inoda stable current source kana ratiometric reference uye low-noise amplifier, uye three-kana four-wire connection kuti ikanzure lead resistance, inova ndiyo nzira imwecheteyo inoshandiswa pakuongorora Kelvin-sensing pakuenzanisa kwakarurama low-resistance. Digital sensors dzakadai seDS18B20 kana I²C device dzinofambisa shanduko kuita sensa uye dzinokupa nhamba zvakananga, dzichichinjana flexibility kuti zvive nyore uye noise intensity.

Kubva pakunzwisisa kusvika pakudzora

Kana bhodhi richidzora tembiricha, rinoenzanisa kuverenga kwacho nenzvimbo yakatarwa uye rinoburitsa chinobuda. Sarudzo dzakajairika irelay kana solid-state relay yeheater, kana PWM yepombi kana feni. Pakuchinja maheaters ane simba guru, dhizaini yacho inoyambuka munzvimbo yemagetsi nekuchengetedza, ine creepage uye clearance, isolation, uye thermal management yekufunga nezvayo, nzvimbo yekugadzira magetsi emagetsi . Chengetedza chikamu che high-voltage switching chakaparadzaniswa panyama uye nemagetsi kubva kuchikamu che low-voltage sensing kuitira kuti ruzha rwe switching nekupisa zvisakanganise kuyerwa.

Kururama, Kuenzanisa, uye Kufamba-famba

Kururama kwedatasheet yesensa ndiyo pokutangira, kwete vimbiso yechinhu chako chapera. Kururama chaiko kunoenderana necheni yese yechiratidzo uye pakuenzanisa.

Kwakapinza chikanganiso

• Chikanganiso cheReference neADC, izvo dhizaini ye ratiometric inogona kukanzura zvakanyanya.
• Kudzivirira kutungamira muRTD wiring, inogadziriswa nekubatanidza waya nhatu kana ina.
• Kuzvidziisa pachako, apo magetsi ekuyera anodziisa sensor zvishoma; ramba wakaderera.
• Kunonoka kwekupisa pakati pemuromo weprobe nemvura, zvakaiswa nekugadzirwa kweprobe uye kuiswa kwayo.

Kuenzanisa uye kugadzirisa kutenderera

Kuti uwane zvigadzirwa zvakarurama, gadzirisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe, semuenzaniso uchienzanisa nereferensi inozivikanwa panzvimbo imwe kana mbiri, uye chengeta kugadzirisa. Nekufamba kwenguva masensa anodonha, saka kugadzirisazve nguva nenguva kunogona kudiwa mumidziyo inofanira kugara yakarurama kwemakore. Sarudza pachine nguva kuti chigadzirwa chinofanira kunge chakarurama sei uye kwenguva yakareba sei, nekuti chisarudzo ichocho chinoumba giredhi resensa, magumo epamberi, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa.

Kugadzira Nzvimbo Dzinonyorova Uye Dzinonyorova

Bhodhi rinoshandisa tembiricha yemvura rinonyatsovimbika semagadzirirwo arakaitwa. Sarudzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira dzinokanganisa zvakananga kurarama munzvimbo ine mvura.

Kupedzisa, kuputira, uye kusimbisa sematanho ekuvaka

Kupera kunodzivirira ngura, kuputira kwakafanana kana kuputira, uye kuvharwa kwetambo zvese zvinoitwa pakugadzira, kwete zvinyorwa zvekugadzira, uye zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa uye kusimbiswa pamutsetse. Muunganidzi ane ruzivo mumapuranga akafukidzwa uye akavharwa achavhara zvinobatanidza nemazvo, kudzora ukobvu hwepurasitiki, uye kupora nemazvo, zvinhu zvinosarudza kana dziviriro yacho ichishanda zvechokwadi.

Kuedza uye kuwedzera

Ronga kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinosimbiswa sei: bvunzo inoshanda iyo inopa simba bhodhi uye inoongorora kuverenga kubva pane referensi inosimbisa zvese zvemagetsi uye calibration. Sezvo vhoriyamu ichikura, kudzora maitiro nguva dzose kunoita kuti bhodhi rega rega riite serekutanga, uko mumwe mubatsiri anopa PCB assembly ine maitiro akagadzikana, anotariswa anowana nzvimbo yayo. Kuvaka bhodhi risina chinhu uye kuribatanidza pasi pedenga rimwe chete, kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwePCB kwakabatanidzwa, kunoitawo kuti pave nemhosva yekupedzisa nekupenda panzvimbo imwe chete.

Kubva pamuenzaniso mumwe chete kusvika pakugadzirwa, zvinhu zvakafanana zvinokosheswa: sarudza sensor chaiyo, bvisa magetsi kubva mumvura, dzivirira hunyoro, uye gadzira bhodhi rine kupedzisa uye maitiro akakodzera kushandiswa kwemvura. Kune mapuranga anofanirawo kubata kupisa kubva pachidanho cheheater, mugadziri ane ruzivo rwekugadzira simbi anogona kubatsira kugadzirisa divi rekupisa, uye unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve Highleap Electronics nehunyanzvi hwedu hwekugadzira.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Ndeipi sensor yakanakira kuyera tembiricha yemvura?

Kune akawanda mapurojekiti, NTC thermistor (yakachipa uye yakarurama zvakakwana) kana DS18B20 sealed digital probe (iri nyore kushandisa) ndiyo sarudzo inoshanda. Sarudza RTD yakaita sePT100 kana PT1000 kana uchida kunyatsorurama uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu, uchigamuchira analog front end inonetsa.

Ndingaisa PCB yese mumvura here?

Zvakavimbika zvikuru kuisa probe yakavharwa mumvura wochengeta bhodhi rakaoma munzvimbo yakavharirwa. Kunyudza zvizere midziyo yemagetsi kunoda kuvharwa zvakasimba kana kuvharwa uye zvakaoma kuita zvakanaka, saka probe-plus-cable ndiyo nzira inokurudzirwa yekuona zvinhu zvakanyudzwa mumvura.

Bhodhi rinoshandisa tembiricha yemvura rinofanira kushandisa magumo akaita sei?

ENIG (electroless nickel immersion gold) imhando yepamusoro inoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvine hunyoro kana zvakanyorova nekuti inodzivirira ngura uye inosvibisa kupfuura mhangura isina chinhu. Isanganise ne conformal coating kana potting uye chivharo chakavharwa kuti chigare kwenguva refu.

Ndinofanira kugadzirisa bhodhi rega rega here?

Kune zvigadzirwa zvakarurama, hongu. Kuongororwa kwepoint imwe chete kana mbiri zvichienderana nereferensi inozivikanwa, inochengetwa payuniti imwe neimwe, kunogadzirisa sensor uye kukanganisa kwefront-end. Kuti chigadzirwa chinofanira kugara chakarurama zvakadii uye kwenguva yakareba sei zvinosarudza kana kuchidikanwawo kugadzirisa nguva nenguva.

Sei purobe yangu ichiverenga zvishoma kana mvura ichipisa nekukurumidza?

Ndiko kunonoka kwekupisa. Chinoongorora muromo wacho, uye chivharo chakakora kana chisina kubatana zvakanaka chinopindura zvishoma nezvishoma. Shandisa chivharo chakatetepa, chinofambisa kupisa chine kubatana kwakanaka wochiisa panofamba mvura kuti uderedze kunonoka.

Ndingachinja sei hita huru kubva pabhodhi zvakachengeteka?

Shandisa relay yakarongwa zvakakodzera kana solid-state relay, chengetedza chikamu che high-voltage chakaparadzaniswa nechikamu che low-voltage sensing, uye cherechedza zvinodiwa zvekukwira, kubvisa, uye kupatsanura. Uku ndiko kugadzirwa kwesimba nekuchengetedza uye mabhenefiti anobva muruzivo rwekugadzira nemagetsi emagetsi.

Chii chinonzi IP rating chinodiwa ne sensor yekupisa kwemvura?

Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwayo: IP65 inodzivirira majeti emvura, IP67 inodzivirira kunyudzwa kwechinguva, uye IP68 inobata kunyudzwa kunoramba kuripo pakadzika. Kazhinji probe inovharwa kana kunyudzwa-yakayerwa nepo bhodhi guru riri shure kweIP67 kana IP68 barrier ine tambo yakavharwa, uye kuita kuti kuvharwa nguva dzose pahukuru chikamu chePCB yakavimbika ine simba guru.