In-Depth Guide kune X-Ray Inspection yePCB Quality Control

MaPCB ave akaomarara zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore apfuura maererano nehuwandu hwezvikamu, huwandu hwezvikamu uye waya dzakaomarara. Kuomarara uku kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kunoita kuti kudzora mhando uye kuona zvikanganiso kuve kwakakosha zvikuru. Kazhinji, kuongororwa kwePCB kwaishandiswa nenzira dzinoonekwa senge manual microscopy kana automated optical inspection (AOI). Asi matekiniki aya ane zvipingamupinyi zvakakura pakuona zvikanganiso mumabhodhi ane zvikamu zvakawanda kana majoini e solder akavanzwa.

X-ray ongororo inopa simba risingaparadzi nzira kutarira mukati PCBs uye zvakarurama kunongedza kuremara akafanana voids, mabhiriji, akazaruka majoini etc. Izvi zvinogonesa kubata nyaya kare uye kudzivirira munda kukundikana pasi mutsetse. Gwaro iri rinopa tarisiro yakazara yePCB x-ray yekuongorora misimboti, masisitimu zvikamu, kugona, mabhenefiti pamusoro pedzimwe nzira uye basa mumatanho ekuvimbisa kwemhando.

Chii chinonzi X-Ray Inspection yePCBs?

X-ray inspection inoreva kushandiswa kwe-x-rays kune isingaparadzi yekuongorora mukati memukati uye pasi pepasi pemamiriro ezvinhu mukuedza zvinhu. Iyo inoshandisa iyo yekupinda hunhu uye mutsauko wekutora maitiro e x-rays.

Mukuongorora kwePCB, x-ray imaging inoshandiswa kuratidza yakavanzika solder majoini, zvikamu zvakabatanidzwa uye zvimiro zvemukati mumabhodhi ematunhu akawanda asingasvikike nekutarisa kwekunze kwekuona.

MaX-rays sezvo ari marefu marefu, mafungu emagetsi ane frequency yakakwira anogona kupinda muzvinhu zvakasimba. Kana maX-rays akabatana nechinhu chePCB test , kusiyana kweukobvu hwezvinhu uye huwandu hwezvinhu mubhodhi rose kunoita kuti pave nekunyudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinogadzira mufananidzo weX-ray unoratidza ruzivo rwemukati mechimiro izvo zvinogona kuratidza zvikanganiso.

Ko PCB X-Ray Inspection Inoshanda Sei?

Kuongorora kweX-ray kunosanganisira kushandisa x-ray sosi, kuyedza chinhu manipulation system, detector array uye kugadzirisa zvemagetsi kuburitsa mifananidzo yemuenzaniso inoongororwa kune hurema:

• Iyo x-ray sosi inogadzira x-rays (zvichida kushandisa x-ray chubhu kana radioactive isotope). Iri danda rinosanganiswa uye rakanangana nePCB sampuli.
• Iyo PCB yakanyatsomira uye inofambiswa kuburikidza nenhanho inofambiswa kuti igone kuvheneka muchinjiko-zvikamu kana maonero.
• Dense solder majoini uye chikamu zvinhu zvinotora x-rays kupfuura substrate / resin zvinhu. Izvi zvinogadzira pateni ye x-ray mimvuri yakabatwa ne detector.
• Iyo detector data inogadziriswa kuti igadzirezve dijitari 2D kana 3D inomiririra mufananidzo wePCB yemukati chimiro.
• Vashandi vanoongorora mifananidzo ye-x-ray pane yekuongorora monitors kuti vaone chero zvikanganiso senge makatsemuka, voids, majoini akavhurika nezvimwe.
• Maitiro ekugadzirisa mapikicha senge kubvisa, kukwidziridzwa uye kuvakazve kunobatsira kukanganisa kuona.

Nekudaro, x-ray yekuongorora inopa isiri-yekubata nzira yekutarisa maPCB kune akavanzika zvikanganiso zvinowanzopotswa nekunze kwekuona maitiro ekutarisa.

X-Ray Inspection Systems yePCBs

Yakatsaurirwa x-ray yekuongorora masisitimu anoshandiswa kuita x-ray imaging ongororo paPCBs. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

Chitubu cheX-Ray - Izvi zvinogadzira danda reX-ray. Matube anoshandisa voltage yakakwira mu vacuum diode kana radioisotopes akajairika. Macontrol collimators ndiwo anoumba danda.

Sisitimu yeKushandura PCB - Isa matanho erobhoti akanyatsorongeka uye fambisa sampuro yePCB mu x-ray beam kuti ugone kuskena 2D kana 3D.

Zviziviso - MaSensor arrays anobata ma x-rays anopfuura nepabhodhi uye anoashandura kuita masaini emagetsi ekugadzirisa mufananidzo.

Kugadzirisa Mifananidzo - Mapurosesa akaomarara anoita maalgorithms ekuvaka, kuvandudza uye kuona zvikanganiso zvemufananidzo.

Kuratidzwa - Mamonita ane resolution yepamusoro anobvumira vashandisi kuongorora mifananidzo ye x-ray nemaziso kuti vaone zvikanganiso.

Kudzivirira - Kudzivirira kwemutobvu kwakakomberedza sisitimu kunodzivirira vanoishandisa kubva pakusvibiswa nemwaranzi.

Software - Inodzora ma hardware parameters uye zvikamu zvesystem zvinobatana zvemaitiro ekuongorora otomatiki.

Aya akakwenenzverwa ex-ray ekuongorora masisitimu anogonesa kudzokororwa kuongorora kwePCBs kubva kumakona akasiyana uye kuona kweminiti kukanganisa.

2D vs 3D X-Ray Kuongorora

X-ray imaging inogona kuburitsa maviri-dimensional uye matatu-dimensional anomiririra ePCB:

2D X-Ray Kuongorora

• X-ray mifananidzo inotorwa kubva kune imwechete maonero mune imwe scan scan.
• Multiple 2D scans kubva akasiyana ekuona angles anogona kusanganiswa kuti agone kugonesa 3D kuona.
• Yakaderera mutengo nzira asi inoshaya yakazara volumetric chirema chekuona chinopihwa neyechokwadi 3D imaging.

3D X-Ray Kuongorora

                     

• X-ray CT (computed tomography) imaging inovaka 3D modhi nekubatanidza akawanda 2D scans akapoteredza 360°.
• Inobvumira kusaparadza kuona kwemukati wakazara PCB chimiro mu 3D.
• Inogonesa kutarisisa nzvimbo dzakakanganisika muzvikamu zvitatu uye kuyera saizi yekukanganisa.
• Inopa yakadzama volumetric data asi panguva yepamusoro yekuongorora uye mutengo.

3D x-ray yekuongorora inopa kucherekedza hurema hwekuona kune yakanyanya kuvimbika maPCB uko mutengo uri wechipiri. Kune dzakawanda zviitiko, 2D x-ray yekuongorora inokwana mukupa PCB muchinjiko-chikamu kuoneka kwakakwana kuona hurema uye kuita sarudzo dzekupfuura/kutadza.

X-Ray Kuongorora kweZvikamu

X-ray imaging yakakosha zvakanyanya pakuongorora maPCB senge:

BGA/CSP Packages

• Inoongorora zvakanamirwa nebhora rekutengesa pazasi pasuru yakavanzika kubva pakuona.
• Inowana voids, shorts, majoini akazaruka uye matambudziko ekudzivirira pasi pechikamu.
• Cheki dzekutyoka kana kukuvadzwa silicon dzinofira mukati mepakeji.
• Inovimbisa kuti hapana PCB pad kusimudza kana kutsvaga kukuvara pasi pechikamu.

QFN/DFN Packages

• Inotarisa J-lead solder majoini asingaonekwe kubva kumusoro.
• Inoona solder voids, kusakwana wetting uye kusimudza pad.
• Inosimbisa kurongeka kwechikamu nemapadhi.

Connectors

• Inotarisa nzvimbo array solder majoini pane yekubatanidza kumashure isingasvikike neimwe nzira.
• Inosimbisa mhando yekusarudza, wave kana ruoko soldering.
• Inotsvaga mapini kana masokisi akabhenda kana asina kugara zvakanaka.

IC Packages

• Inobvumira kuongorora yakavanzika solder majoini emapakeji anotungamirwa seSOIC, QFP, PLCC nezvimwe.
• Masikirini emapini mapfupi, matombo eguva, akatsveyama zvikamu.
• Inosimbisa yakakwana slotted pad kuzadza ne solder.
• Kutarisa kuti hapana kukuvara here kana kuti pakatsemuka.

Passive Zvikamu

• Inotarisa yakazara circumferential solder majoini ekubatanidza.
• Inowana makuva, anoyangarara kana skewed capacitors/resistors.
• Macheki ezviratidziro zvakaiswa zvisizvo kana kuti zvisipo.

Nekudaro, zvikamu zvine zvakavanzwa zvakanamirwa zvinofanirwa kukwikwidza x-ray kuongororwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvimbika.

X-Ray Kuongororwa kweSolder Joints

Sezvo solder alloys ane dense esimbi zvinhu setin, mhangura kana sirivheri, ivo vanodzora x-rays. Izvi zvinobvumira kuoneka kwakajeka kwemajoini ekutengesa mukati mePCB:

Zvikamu Zvakasiyana - Simbisa kuti majoini e solder akatenderedza zvikamu zvine lead apera.

Kubatanidza neSMT - Tarisa kuti pad wetting yakadii, maumbirwo emafillets uye kuti yakasanganiswa zvakakwana.

Maburi Akaputirwa - Tarisa mhando yekuzadza mabhare uye chimiro chezvikamu zvemaburi akaputirwa.

Vias - Ongorora vias dzakavharika uye dzakaonekwa dzakaiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.

BGA/CSP - Tsvaga nzvimbo dzisina chinhu, mitswe uye mapfupi pasi pemapakeji.

QFN/DFN – Tsvaga huwandu uye chimiro chepaste mushure mekudzokororwa pasi pechikamu.

Zvinobatanidza zvinodzvanywa nepress-fit - Iva nechokwadi chekuti pini yakapinza yakadzika uye ine chimiro chakakodzera.

Kubatanidza Maoko - Tarisa chimiro chemajoini uye majoini anosanganisa zvinotonhora.

X-ray inobvumira kuongorora kutendeseka kwemasoja majoini kubva kune zvisingagoneke nekutarisa kwekuona. Izvi zvinoita kuti majoini akasimba asave nezvikanganiso.

Mabhenefiti eX-Ray Kuongorora kwePCBs

Kuongorora kweX-ray kunopa zvakakosha zvakanakira pamusoro pechinyakare nzira dzekuongorora dzePCBs. Chokutanga uye chinonyanya kukosha, haisi kuparadza, kubvisa njodzi yekukuvadza mabhodhi kana zvikamu panguva yekuongorora. Iyi nzira inobvumira kuongororwa kwakakwana kwezvimiro zvemukati zvePCB, zvichiita kuti kuonekwa kwezvikanganiso zvakavanzwa zvakadai semavoids uye kuputika kusingaoneki kunze. Pamusoro pezvo, kuongororwa kwe-x-ray kunogona kusimbisa hutano hwemajoini akavanzika ekutengesa, ichipa imwe nhanho yevimbiso.

Imwe bhenefiti yakakosha ye x-ray yekuongorora kugona kwayo kuita chaiyo dhizaini zviyero, kusanganisira madaro, madhayamita, uye mavhoriyamu. Iyo tekinoroji inogonesa kugadzirwa kweakatsanangurwa 2D uye 3D modhi yePCB yemukati, nemazvo mamepu ekukanganisa munzvimbo dzavo dzechokwadi. Iyi nzira yekukurumidza yekuongorora inonyanya kunyatsokodzera kugadzira mutsara wekuita, uko kumhanya uye kurongeka kwakakosha. Iko kunyatsojeka kwex-ray yekuongorora inobvumira kugadziriswa kwezvakanyanya kunaka-mamirimita akaremara, izvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza mazinga emhando yepamusoro.

Zvakare, x-ray ongororo inoita basa rakakosha mukuongorora zvikonzero zvekukanganisa uye kunzwisisa kukanganisa kunoitika uye zvikonzero zvadzo. Mazuva ano x-ray masisitimu anowedzera software yepamberi uye AI kuti iongorore otomatiki uye kurongedza zvakakanganisika, zvichisimudzira kushanda uye kushanda kwemaitiro ekuongorora. Iyo yakakosha yemukati yakakanganisika data inogadzirwa ne x-ray ongororo haina kufananidzwa neimwe nzira, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha mukuwedzera kunaka uye kuvimbika kwePCB kugadzira. Izvi zvinozotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwekuita uye hupenyu hurefu hwezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira, kuve nechokwadi kuti zvinosangana nepamusoro-soro.

Kukosha kweX-Ray Kuongorora muPCB Hunhu Kudzora

Tichifunga kugona kwayo kuona zvikanganiso zvakavanzwa, x-ray kuongororwa kwePCB inopa yakasarudzika mabhenefiti sechikamu chemhando yekusimbisa maitiro:

Kubata matambudziko nekukurumidza - Ziva zvikanganiso zvakavanzwa kubva mukugadzirwa kana kubatanidzwa zvisati zvabuda muzvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira.

Dzivisa kutadza kushanda zvakanaka mumunda - Dzivisa kutadza kushanda zvakanaka mumapurogiramu evatengi nekubvisa mapuranga asina kunaka usati watumira.

Ongorora maIC akaputirwa - Sikirini yekuona mitswe, waya dzesimbi, chisimbiso chevharo izvo zvisingagone kuonekwa nemaziso.

Mabhodhi ekuongorora asingaparadzi - Kusiyana nekupatsanura kana kupatsanura mabhodhi ekukuvadza.

Ongorora zvikonzero zvekukundikana - Kuonekwa kwezvikanganiso zvemukati kubva ku x-ray kunobatsira kuongorora chikonzero chikuru uye kugadzirisa.

Vhara rukoko rwemhando yepamusoro - Mhinduro kubva kuongororo yekukundikana kwe x-ray inovandudza maitiro ekugadzira nekugadzira.

Simbisa kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro - Verenga huwandu hwekudzikira kwehuwandu hwezvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa nekupindira kwemaitiro.

Mafambiro enzvimbo - Tsvaga maitiro ekuchinja-chinja ezvikanganiso zvinoda kugadziriswa kwekugadzirwa.

AOI Yekuwedzera - Inotsiva zvipingamupinyi zvekutarisa kwemaziso pakutsvaga zvikanganiso zvepasi pevhu.

Saka, x-ray yekuongorora inzira yakakosha yekuwedzera mazinga emhando kuburikidza nekutarisa chirema chekuongorora uye kutyaira kuenderera mberi kuvandudza.

Basa re X-Ray Kuongorora muPCB Hunhu Kufambiswa Kwebasa

Kuongororwa kweX-ray kunozadzisa sutu yematanho ekusimbisa anoitwa panguva yePCB yekugadzira, kusangana uye bvunzo:

Kuongorora Zvinhu - Kunoongorora kuenderana kwema base laminates, prepregs uye simbi foils.

Bare Board NDT - Kuyedzwa kwemabhurugwa mapfupi, akavhurika, uye zvikanganiso zve impedance.

Kuongorora Mushure meKucheka - Kunoongorora kuvimbika kwechimiro chemuchina mushure mekucheka.

Kuongorora Kunyoresa Masheya - Kuyera kurongeka kwemasheya uye zvinhu zviri mukati memasheya.

AOI - Inoongorora mapuranga akazadzwa nemaziso kuti ione kana paine zvikanganiso pakuungana.

ICT - Inoedza kubatana kwemagetsi kwemasekete nemajoini.

Kuongorora Kubhururuka - Kunosimbisa kuenderera mberi nekuongorora mapoinzi ekuyedza.

Kuongorora X-Ray - Zvidzitiro zvekuona zvikanganiso zvakavanzwa zve solder, mitswe nezvimwewo.

Kupatsanura mifananidzo - Mifananidzo inobatanidza mapuranga akachekwa uye ine zvikanganiso.

SEM - Inoongorora pamusoro pemuchina wekufambisa mvura kuti ione kana paine mativi asina mutobvu.

Kuenzanisa Kudzokorora - Kunoongorora mhedzisiro yekudzokorora kudzokorora pakuvimbika.

Kutevedzana kwekuongorora kunopa maonero akazara ePCB mhando kubva pazvinhu kusvika kumabhodhi apera. Kuongororwa kweX-ray kunozadza gaka rakakosha rekuona subsurface dhizaini uye kukanganisa kwekuita pakati pemaitiro ekuongorora ekunze.

Dhizaini Mafungiro ekufambisa X-Ray Kuongorora

Zvimwe PCB dhizaini zvigadziriso zvinogona kugonesa zvakanyanya kushanda x-ray kuongorora:

Nzvimbo dzeKuedza - Inobvumira kutarisa ma x-ray pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha kana mambure anowanzo sangana nematambudziko ekubatanidza.

Kuchengetedza - Ipa nzvimbo dzakakwana dzakatenderedza zvikamu kuti mwenje weX-ray wakakombama usvike.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha - Isa zvinhu zvekufungidzira, zviratidzo kana zviratidzo kuti zvipe mareferensi ekuenderana kwemifananidzo.

Zvikamu Zvine Rutivi Rumwe Chete - Isa zvikamu kudivi rimwe chete kana kuongororwa kwacho kuchinyanya kunanga zvikanganiso zvemajoini e solder.

Mabhodhi Matete - Anoderedza kunyudzwa kweX-ray izvo zvinovandudza kuona kwezvikanganiso.

Kuwanda Kwemabhodhi - Kurongeka kwemabhodhi asina kusimba kunoita kuti kuongororwa kuve nyore pane kurongeka kwakazara.

Zvidimbu Zvakatsaurirwa - Zvidimbu zviri pasi peBGAs/CSPs zvinobatsira pakuona mifananidzo ye x-ray yemajoini akavharika.

Tevedzera Zvikanganiso - Isa nemaune zvikanganiso zvemuenzaniso panguva yekunyora kuti usimbise kuwanikwa.

Kwakadaro dhizaini-ye-x-ray nhungamiro inovimbisa zvimiro zvebhodhi uye marongero akagadziridzwa kuti awedzere kuoneka kwezvikanganiso uchishandisa x-ray yekuongorora michina.

Zvipingamupinyi uye Zvinetso zveX-Ray Inspection

Kunyange zvine simba zvakanyanya, zvimwe zvipimo zviripo mu x-ray yekuongorora nzira:

• Miniaturized zvemagetsi zvine ekupedzisira-zvakanaka maficha anosundidzira kusarudzika miganho ye x-ray imaging.
• Kukanganisa kwakadzika-kusiyana mune homogeneous zvinhu zvakaoma kuona mu x-ray mifananidzo.
• Zvinorema senge maBGA mahombe, zvinobatanidza kana nhovo dzesimbi zvinogona kuvharira x-rays kubva pakuburitsa maficha.
• RF, microwave uye fiberoptic zvikamu zvinoda unyanzvi hwekuongorora x-ray.
• 2D x-ray inoshaya yakazara volumetric yekuona kugona kunongedza vertical defect zvinzvimbo.
• Hunyanzvi hwemushandisi hunodiwa pakuongorora mifananidzo yeX-ray uye kuona masiginicha akaremara.
• Nzira dzekuchengetedza dzakarairwa pakushandisa x-ray michina inowedzera pamusoro.
• Mutengo wepamusoro we x-ray yekuongorora masisitimu inorambidza kupararira kwakapararira mumitsara yese yekugadzira.

Nekudaro, kufambira mberi mune x-ray masosi, madhijitari, kugadzirisa mufananidzo uye AI yakabatsira kucherechedzwa kwehurema inoenderera mberi nekuwedzera chiyero uye kugona kwe x-ray yekuongorora kwemagetsi kuvimbika.

mhedziso

Iko kukura kweiyo exponential muPCB kuomarara kwaita kusaparadza x-ray kufungidzira muitiro unokosha wekuongorora mukati memapuranga akawanda. Inopa humwe hurema hwekuona hurema husingaenzaniswi nenzira dzekuongorora dzekuona seAOI, maikorosikopu kana mifananidzo yekuenzanisa.

Kune mishoni-yakakosha aerospace, mota, zvekurapa uye zvekudzivirira zvikumbiro, zvakanakira kudzivirira kutiza zvinodarika mutengo we x-ray masisitimu. Nekunyatsonzwisisa x-ray misimboti yekuongorora, zvigadzirwa uye nzira, vagadziri vePCB vanogona kuisimudzira zvakanyanya kuti vawedzere mazinga emhando muzvigadzirwa zvavo.

Gwaro iri rinopfupikisa pfungwa dzakakosha pakushandisa x-ray ongororo yekuongorora zvizere PCB gungano rekuvimbika - kubva pakukanganisa kwemutengesi uye njodzi dzekuvimbika kune zvinhu zvekunyepedzera. Pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwakakwana mukutevedzana kwekuongorora uye dhizaini-ye-x-ray nhungamiro, vagadziri vePCB vanogona kuona kuvandudzwa kwemhando.