Electronic Circuit Board Manufacturing Process

Kugadzira mabhodhi edunhu hunyanzvi hwekuita zvinhu nemazvo uye hunyanzvi, zvichiisa hwaro hwemidziyo yese yemagetsi yatinovimba nayo nhasi. Kubva kumidziyo iri nyore semawachi edhijitari nemakarukureta kusvika kumidziyo yekurapa yepamusoro-soro uye masisitimu emuchadenga, Mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa ( maPCB ) ndiwo magamba asingazivikanwe ari kutungamira tekinoroji yakatipoteredza. Kunzwisisa hunhu hwemaitiro ekugadzira maPCB hakusi kungokosha chete - zvakakosha pakuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvako zvemagetsi zvinosangana nemazinga epamusoro ekuvimbika uye mashandiro.

Basa rePCBs

PCBs ndiwo hupenyu hwemidziyo yemagetsi, inofambisa masaini emagetsi nekuvhiya chaiko. Imwe neimwe nzira yemhangura inogadzirwa zvine hungwaru, kuve nechokwadi chekuti magetsi anoyerera chaiko kwaanofanira kuenda. Iyi network yakaoma ndiyo inobvumira zvishandiso zvako kuti zvive nehupenyu, zvichiita mabasa avo zvisina mhosva. Pasina nzira dzakanyatsogadzirwa dzePCB, kunyangwe michina yepamberi yaizoitwa isina simba, zvichiita kuti maPCB ave musimboti wehunyanzvi hwazvino.

Detailed Maitirwo Ekuita Sedunhu Board Manufacturing

Wakambozvibvunza kuti chii chinoenda mukugadzira mapuranga edunhu anosimbisa zvaunofarira zvishandiso? Zvinopfuura tekinoroji chete — musanganiswa wakangwarira wekugadzira, kurongeka, uye hunyanzvi. Kubva pane yekutanga dhizaini dhizaini kusvika kune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa, nhanho imwe neimwe yedunhu redhisheni yekugadzira maitiro inoitwa zvine hungwaru kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvinoshanda zvakakwana. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kuti izvi zvikamu zvakakosha zvinouya sei muhupenyu, nhanho nenhanho.

Danho 1: Dhizaini uye Kubuda - Kuisa iyo Groundwork yeKugadzira

Danho rekutanga mukugadzira mabhodhi edunhu rinotanga kare kare maitiro chaiwo ekugadzira asati aitwa. Rinotanga nekugadzira marongerwo ePCB uchishandisa software yepamusoro yekugadzira maPCB yakaita seAltium Designer, OrCAD, Pads, KiCad, kana Eagle. Zvishandiso izvi zvinobvumira mainjiniya kugadzira hurongwa hwakadzama hunotsanangura kubatana kwemagetsi uye marongerwo ezvikamu zviri pabhodhi.

Yakakosha Dhizaini Kufunga:

• Component Placement: Kuiswa kwakakodzera kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kutendeseka kwechiratidzo, kupisa kupisa, uye nyore kuungana.
• Trace Routing: Kufambisa kunoshanda kunoderedza kupindira uye kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwedunhu rakavimbika.
• DFM (Design for Manufacturability): Kudyidzana nemumwe wako wekugadzira panguva yekugadzira chikamu kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira zvingangoitika zvekugadzira nyaya, kuchengetedza nguva uye mutengo.

Kana iyo dhizaini yapedzwa, inofanirwa kutumirwa kunze mune iyo fomati iyo mugadziri anotsigira, kazhinji maGerber mafaera. Aya mafaera ane ruzivo rwakadzama nezvechikamu chimwe nechimwe chePCB, kusanganisira mhangura, madhirowa ekudhirowa, solder masks, uye component notation.

Nhanho 2: Kushandura Dhijitari Dhizaini muChimiro Chaiyo - Kubva Dhizaini Mafaira kuenda kuFirimu

Kana dhizaini yePCB yapera, fekitari yePCB inogadzira mafaira einjiniya zvichibva pamagwaro ekugadzira. Maitiro ese ekugadzira anotevera mafaira einjiniya uye maitiro akagadzirwa nemainjiniya eCAM . Danho rekutanga mukugadzira rinosanganisira kucheka zvinhu zvebhodhi, uye maitiro acho anozoenda kudanho rechipiri rakakosha: kushandura mafaira edhijitari kuita mafirimu chaiwo.

Uchishandisa yakakwirira-chaiyo mapurani, vagadziri vanogadzira mafirimu emifananidzo kune yega yega yePCB. Aya mafirimu anoshanda sematemplate akakosha, achitungamira kutamiswa kwemaitiro akaomarara edunhu pane iyo copper-clad laminate.

Kukosha Kwechokwadi:

• Kugadzirisa: Kurongeka kwemafirimu aya kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvese zvePCB zvinonyatsoenderana panguva yekugadzira. Chero kukanganisa kupi zvako kunogona kukonzera kusashanda kwedunhu kana kuderedzwa kwekuita.
• Kunyoresa Makomba: Makomba ekunyoresa anonyatso bhowa kuburikidza nemafirimu kuti arambe akanyatso kurongeka panguva yekufungidzira. Aya maburi anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kutendeseka kweakawanda-layer PCB mukati mekugadzirwa kwayo.

Iyi nhanho yakakosha mukubatanidza chikamu chedhizaini yedhijitari nemaitiro ekugadzira emuviri, kuve nechokwadi chekuti PCB inogadzirwa nehupamhi hwechokwadi uye kuvimbika kunodiwa kumagetsi emazuva ano.

Nhanho 3: Kudhinda Iwo Inner Layers - Kugadzira iyo Core Circuitry

Pakati pePCB panovakwa nekutamisa pateni yedunhu kubva mumafirimu kuenda kufoiri yemhangura yakasungirirwa pachinhu chesubstrate, chinowanzogadzirwa ne epoxy resin negirazi fiber ( FR4 ). Maitiro aya anosanganisira matanho akati wandei ekuona kuti madonhwe emhangura akagadzirwa nemazvo.

Matanho Akakosha muInner Layer Printing:

• Kuchenesa Laminate: Iyo copper-clad laminate inocheneswa zvine hungwaru kuti ibvise chero yakasvibiswa inogona kukanganisa dunhu redunhu.
• Photoresist Application: A photosensitive film (photoresist) inoshandiswa kune yakachena laminate. Iyi firimu inoomesa kana yakavhenekerwa neUV mwenje, ichichengetedza nzvimbo dzemhangura dzichagadzira nzira dzedunhu.
• UV Kuratidzwa uye Kubudirira: Iyo bhodhi inoratidzirwa kune UV mwenje, iyo inoomesa iyo photoresist uko nzira dzedunhu dzinofanirwa kuve. Iyo yakasara photoresist inoshambidzwa, ichiratidza nzira dzemhangura dzedunhu.

Nhanho 4: Kubvisa Iyo Mhangura Isingadiwe - Kukwenenzvera Nzira dzedunhu

Kana imwe photoresist yaoma, danho rinotevera nderokubvisa mhangura yakawandisa kubva pabhodhi, ichisiya chete nzira dzedunhu dzinodiwa. Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nemakemikari etching process.

Etching process:

• Copper Solvent Bath: Bhodhi inonyudzwa mumushonga unobvisa mhangura yose isina kudzivirirwa, ichisiya chete nzira dzedunhu dzakadzivirirwa neakaomeswa photoresist.
• Ramba Kubviswa: Iyo yakaomeswa photoresist inobva yabviswa, ichiratidza maronda emhangura apera anoumba nzira dzemagetsi dzePCB.

Nhanho 5: Layer Alignment uye Optical Inspection - Kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi uye Hunhu

Mushure mokunge zvidimbu zvemukati zvakagadziriswa uye zvakacheneswa, zvinofanira kuenzaniswa nekunze kwekunze. Iyi nhanho yakakosha pakuona kuti ese akaturikidzana ePCB anoenderana zvakakwana.

Alignment Techniques:

• Optical Punching: Iyi nzira inoshandisa muchina kubaya maburi ekumisikidza mukati mechikamu chimwe nechimwe nekunyatsorongeka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mitsara yese inomira zvakanaka.
• Automated Optical Inspection (AOI): Masisitimu eAOI anotarisisa ma layer kuti aone chero chakakanganisika, senge kusarongeka kana kusakwana kutsetseka, tichiaenzanisa nemafaira ekutanga ekugadzira.

Nhanho yechitanhatu: Layer-Up uye Bonding - Fusing iyo PCB Layers pamwechete

Muchinhanho ichi, iwo ega ega ePCB akaturikidzana uye anosungirirwa pamwechete kuti aite imwechete, yakasimba bhodhi. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa mapepa e prepreg (fiberglass zvinhu zvakamisikidzwa ne epoxy resin) uye foil yemhangura.

Layer-Up process:

• Prepreg Application: Prepreg mapepa anoiswa pakati pega ega dhizaini kuti avabatanidze pamwe chete panguva yelamination process.
• Kuomesa: Iyo stack inozoiswa pasi pekupisa uye kudzvanywa mumuchina wekuisa laminating, zvichiita kuti prepreg inyunguduke uye kubatanidza zvidimbu pamwechete.

Nhanho yechinomwe: Kuchera - Makomba chaiwo eKubatanidza

Kudhirowa inhanho yakakosha uko maburi anodhiriwa muPCB yekupfuura-gomba zvikamu, vias, uye mechaniki kukwira. Kurongeka kwemakomba akacherwa aya kwakakosha pakushanda kwePCB.

Drilling Zvinotarisirwa:

• X-Ray Targeting: Muchina weX-ray unoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo chaidzo Drilling.
• Kuchera Kunodzorwa Nekombuta: Maitiro ekuchera anodzorwa nezvirongwa zvekombuta zvinova nechokwadi chekuti gomba rega rega rakadhirwa neiyo micrometer chaiyo.

Nhanho yechisere: Plating uye Copper Deposition - Kusimbisa Magetsi Ekubatanidza

Mushure mekuchera, bhodhi rinopinda maitiro ekuputira kuisa chidimbu chemhangura pamusoro pepamusoro pese, kusanganisira maburi akacherwa. Danho iri rakakosha pakugadzira kubatanidza magetsi kwakavimbika pakati pema layers.

Plating process:

• Chemical Deposition: Bhodhi racho rinonyudzwa munhevedzano yemakemikari ekugezera anoisa mhangura pamusoro uye mukati memakomba akacherwa.
• Hukobvu hwemhangura: Ukobvu hwemhangura yakaiswa inodzorwa zvakanyatsonaka kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi conductivity.

Nhanho 9: Outer Layer Imaging - Kutsanangudza Yekupedzisira Circuit Nzira

Zvakafanana neiyo yemukati dhizaini yekufungidzira maitiro, iwo ekunze akaturikidzana ePCB anofananidzirwa nedhizaini dhizaini. Iyi nhanho inovimbisa kuti mativi ekunze ane nzira dzakakodzera dzemhangura dzezvikamu zvichaiswa pabhodhi.

Outer Layer Imaging:

• Photoresist Application: Firimu yephotoresist inoshandiswa kune zvidimbu zvekunze.
• UV Exposure: Iyo bhodhi inoratidzirwa kune UV mwenje kuburikidza nefirimu rinotsanangura nzira dzedunhu.
• Etching: Chero chipi nechipi chemhangura chisingadikanwi chinoiswa kure, chichisiya kumashure ekupedzisira edunhu nzira.

Nhanho 10: Yekupedzisira Plating uye Yepamusoro Pedzisa - Kugadzirira Chikamu Musangano

Kana mapeji ekunze apera, bhodhi rinopinda maitiro ekupedzisira ekuputira, inoteverwa nekushandiswa kwepamusoro pekupedzisira kunogadzirira bhodhi rekugadzirisa chikamu.

Surface Finish Options:

• HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling): Mutsara we solder unoshandiswa pamapadhi, uye yakawandisa solder inobviswa uchishandisa mhepo inopisa.
• ENIG (Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold): Kupera kwegoridhe kunoiswa kumapedhi epamusoro corrosion resistance uye solderability.

Nhanho 11: Solder Mask Chikumbiro - Kudzivirira iyo Circuit

Iyo solder mask inoiswa kuchengetedza iyo PCB yemhangura yemhangura kubva kune oxidation uye kudzivirira solder mabhiriji panguva yekuungana.

Solder Mask application:

• UV Kurapa: Iyo solder mask inoiswa senge epoxy-based inki uye yobva yarapwa pasi peUV mwenje.
• Silkscreen Printing: Component identifiers uye mamwe mamark anodhindwa pabhodhi uchishandisa silkscreen process.

Nhanho 12: Kuedzwa kweMagetsi - Kuve nechokwadi cheKushanda Kutendeseka

Iyo PCB isati yaburitswa kuti iunganidzwe, inosangana neyakadzama yekuyedza magetsi kuti ione kushanda kwayo uye kuona kuti inosangana nezvose zvakatemwa. Iyi nhanho yakakosha pakuona chero kukanganisa kana nyaya dzekubatanidza dzinogona kukanganisa kuita kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.

Nzira dzekuedza:

• Flying Probe Testing: Inoshandisa probes inofambiswa iyo inoyambuka bhodhi, kuyedza kubatanidza magetsi pane dzakananga nzvimbo. Iyi nzira yakanakira mabhechi madiki kana prototype mabhodhi.
• Mubhedha weNails Testing: Inosanganisira kudzvanya PCB pane chigadziriso chine akawanda mapini akaremerwa muchirimo ("zvipikiri"), kuyedza zvese zvinongedzo panguva imwe chete. Iyi nzira inoshanda kune yakakura kugadzirwa inomhanya.

Nhanho 13: Kunyora uye V-Kugova - Kwekupedzisira Kuumbwa kwePCB

Mushure mekupfuura bvunzo dzemagetsi, iyo PCB inofamba ichienda kuchikamu chekupedzisira chekugadzira, kwainoparadzaniswa nepaneru yekugadzira uye kupihwa iyo chaiyo yekupedzisira zviyero zvinoenderana nemagadzirirwo ekugadzira.

Maitiro ekunyora nhoroondo:

• hwokutiparadza: Muchina wekufambisa unonyatso cheka PCB kubva pachigadziko chekugadzira, ichisiya madiki madiki anogona kubviswa nyore kana kuputswa panguva yegungano.
• V-Chibodzwa: V-shaped grooves yakanyatsochekwa muPCB, ichibvumira kuti ibudiswe kunze kwepaneti nekuedza kushoma, kuve nechokwadi chemupendero wakachena.

Yekupedzisira Yakakwana Kuongorora

MaPCB asati aiswa mukati uye kutumirwa, kuongororwa kwekupedzisira kunoitwa kuona kuti matanho ese ekugadzira apedzwa nemazvo uye kuti mabhodhi anosangana nemhando yepamusoro-soro. Kuongorora uku kunosanganisira kunyatsoongorora kwehukuru hwemuviri, mhando yemupendero, uye chero imwe yakakosha paramita inogona kukanganisa kuungana uye kuita kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.

Nekutevera matanho akaomesesa aya, vagadziri vanova nechokwadi chekuti maPCB anoshanda zvizere, akanyatso kuumbwa, uye akagadzirira kuungana, zvichitungamira kune yakavimbika kuita mukupedzisira chigadzirwa.

Kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzera neIndasitiri Standards muCircuit Board Manufacturing

Kutevedzera zviyero zveindasitiri chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira bhodhi redunhu, sezvo ichivimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinosangana nemhando inodiwa, kuvimbika, uye kuchengetedza zvinodiwa. Kutevedzera zviyero izvi hakungokwidziri kuita kwePCB chete asi zvakare kunovimbisa kusimba kwayo kwenguva refu uye kushanda kwayo mumashandisirwo akasiyana siyana.

Zviyero zvakakosha muindasitiri yekugadzira PCB zvinosanganisira IPC-A-600, IPC-6012, uye ISO 9001. Iyi miyero inotsanangudza maitiro ekusarudzwa kwezvinhu, maitiro ekugadzira, uye yekupedzisira kuyedzwa kwechigadzirwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuti bhodhi rega rega redunhu rinogadzirwa ndeyemhando yepamusoro. .

Kukosha Kwekuomerera kune Indasitiri Standards

Kutevedzera zviyero zveindasitiri mukugadzira bhodhi redunhu kwakakosha nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati:

• Quality Assurance: Kutevedzera zviyero zvakaita seIPC-A-600 kunovimbisa kuti PCB inosangana nedanho rinodiwa remhando, ine maitiro akatsanangurwa ekugamuchirwa kwebhodhi rakapedzwa.
• kuvimbika: Miyero yakadai seIPC-6012 inopa nhungamiro yekuvimbika kwePCB, kuve nechokwadi kuti ichiita zvinoenderana pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza.
• Kubatana: ISO 9001 inotarisana nekumisikidza hunhu hwekutonga hunhu hunova nechokwadi chekugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira, zvichitungamira mukufanana muPCB mhando pamabhechi akasiyana ekugadzira.

Matanho ekuteerera muKugadzira Bhodhi Redunhu

1. Quality Audits:
   • Kuongororwa kwemhando yenguva dzose kwakakosha kuPCB kugadzira maitiro. Ongororo idzi dzinosanganisira kunyatsoongorora maitiro ekugadzira, kubva pakutengwa kwezvinhu kusvika pakuongorora kwekupedzisira. Vanobatsira kuona kutsauka kupi nokupi kubva pamipimo yakagadzwa, zvichibvumira kuti zviito zvokururamisa zviitwe nokukurumidza.
   • Ongororo zvakare inova nechokwadi chekuti maitiro ese akanyorwa uye anotevedzwa nemazvo, kuderedza njodzi yekukanganisa uye nekuvandudza huwandu hwechigadzirwa.
2. Comprehensive Documentation:
   • Detailed zvinyorwa zvinochengetwa padanho rega rega rePCB kugadzira maitiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira marekodhi ezvitupa zvezvinhu, maparamendi ekugadzirisa, mhedzisiro yekuongorora, uye chero kutsauka kubva pane zvakajairwa.
   • Zvinyorwa zvinoshanda serekodhi inoteedzera, zvichiita kuti vagadziri vatarise nhoroondo yega yega yePCB yekugadzira. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pakutonga kwemhando uye kana uchigadzirisa chero nyaya dzepashure pekugadzira dzinogona kumuka.
3. Kunoenderera Kudzidziswa uye Certification:
   • Kuve nechokwadi chekuti vese vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukuita basa rekugadzira vakadzidziswa zvakaringana uye vanopihwa zvitupa mune akakodzera indasitiri zviyero kwakakosha. Zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvinoenderera mberi zvinochengeta vashandi vachigadziridzwa pazviyero zvazvino uye maitiro akanaka, zvichideredza mukana wekusatevedzera.
   • Certification yevashandi muzviyero zvakaita seIPC-A-600 uye IPC-6012 chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza emhando yepamusoro yekugadzira nharaunda.
4. Chechitatu-Bato Kuongorora uye Zvitupa:
   • Kubatanidza vechitatu-bato rekuongorora masangano anogona kupa imwezve dhizaini yekusimbisa kuti maitiro ekugadzira anoenderana neindasitiri zviyero. Aya masangano anoita ongororo dzakazvimirira uye zvitupa, zvichiwedzera kuvimbika kunzira yekuteerera.
   • Zvitupa zvechitatu-bato, senge ISO 9001, zvinogona kusimudzira mukurumbira wemugadziri, zvichivaita mutengesi anodiwa pamusika.
5. Traceability Systems:
   • Kumisikidza yakasimba traceability masisitimu mukati mekugadzira maitiro inobvumira kuteedzera kuri nyore kweyega yega PCB yekugadzira nhoroondo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuteedzera zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, uye yekupedzisira yekuongorora mhinduro.
   • Kuteedzera kwakakosha pakuziva chikonzero chechero nyaya uye nekuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvinoteedzera chete zvinosvika kune mutengi.

Nekushandisa aya matanho ekuteerera, vagadziri vePCB vanogona kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo hazvingosangana chete asi zvinopfuura mwero weindasitiri, zvichitungamira kugutsikana kwevatengi uye mukurumbira wakasimba wemusika.

Maitiro ekudzikisa Mari yeBoard Board Uchiri Kuchengetedza Hunhu

1. Optimize Dhizaini Yekugadzira (DFM)

Imwe yedzakanyanya nzira dzekudzikisa mutengo webhodhi redunhu pasina kupira mhando ndeye optimize dhizaini yekugadzira (DFM). Izvi zvinosanganisira kurerutsa iyo PCB dhizaini kudzikisa kuoma kwekugadzira. Semuyenzaniso, kudzikisira huwandu hwematanho, kuenzanisa hupamhi hwekutsvagisa, uye kudzikisira dzakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nemhando zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekugadzira. Kudyidzana nevagadziri pakutanga kwechikamu chekugadzira kunobvumira kuona zvingangove zviyero zvekuchengetedza mari uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti dhizaini inotevedzera zviyero zveindasitiri, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kukanganisa uye kuderedza kudiwa kweinodhura rework. DFM inobatsirawo kukwenenzvera nzira yekugadzira, ichiita kuti inyatsoshanda uku ichichengetedza mhando yepamusoro yechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.

2. Wedzerai Volume Discounts

Imwe nzira yekudzikisa mutengo uku uchiona inowirirana mhando kutora mukana wekuderedzwa kwevhoriyamu. Nekuisa maodha akakura emabhodhi edunhu, makambani anogona kudzikisa mutengo we-per-unit, sezvo vagadziri vachikwanisa kukwidziridza maitiro avo ekugadzira ekumhanya kwakakura. Izvi hazvingodzikisi mari yese asi zvakare inova nechokwadi chekuti mabhodhi ese ari mubatch anosangana zvakafanana zvemhando yepamusoro. Zvinokurudzirwa kuronga zvirongwa zvekugadzira zvine hungwaru uye kubatanidza maodha ekuwedzera mari iyi.

3. Funga Modular Board Design

Muchikamu chekugadzira, zvinogona kubatsira kufunga modular board madhizaini. Mabhodhi emodular anobvumira zvikamu zvakasiyana zvesisitimu kuti zvigadzirwe zvakasiyana uye zvozounganidzwa gare gare, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuchengetwa kwemutengo munzira dzinoverengeka. Chekutanga, nekugadzira akamisikidzwa mamodule, unogona kushandisa zvakare dhizaini yakafanana pamapurojekiti akawanda, kuderedza nguva yekugadzira uye mutengo wekugadzira. Uku kumisikidzwa hakungogadzirise maitiro ekugadzira asi zvakare kunogonesa kutenga kwakawanda kwezvikamu, zvichiwedzera kudzikisa mitengo. Pamusoro pezvo, modularity inorerutsa maitiro ekuvandudza kana kutsiva chaiwo zvikamu zvehurongwa. Kana imwe module ichida kudzokororwa, inogona kuitwa pasina chikonzero chekugadzirisa zvakare sisitimu yese, nekudaro kuchengetedza pakugadzirisazve uye kugadzira mari.

Zvakare, modular dhizaini inopa yakakosha kuchinjika mukugadzira. Mabhodhi madiki, akareruka kazhinji haadhure kugadzira nekuyedza. Aya ma modules anogona kugadzirwa uye kuyedzwa akazvimirira, kuve nechokwadi chekuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinosangana nemhando yepamusoro isati yabatanidzwa muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Kana mamodule ese aunganidzwa pamwechete, chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinobatsira kubva pakuvimbika kwakagadziridzwa, sezvo module yega yega yakasimbiswa yega. Iyi nzira haingoderedzi mutengo wese wekugadzira asiwo inosimudzira kuve nyore kwekuyedzwa nekugadzirisa, zvichibatsira kune yakasimba uye inodhura yekupedzisira chigadzirwa.

mhedziso

Circuit board kugadzira yakaoma, yakawanda-nhanho nhanho inoda kunyatsojeka uye kutarisisa kune zvakadzama pamatanho ese. Kubva pakugadzira kwekutanga kusvika pakuyedzwa kwekupedzisira, nhanho imwe neimwe yakakosha pakugadzira yakavimbika uye yepamusoro-inoshanda PCB. Nekunzwisisa maitiro aya uye kushanda padhuze nemumwe waunovimba naye mukugadzira, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti maPCB ako anosangana nemhando yepamusoro yemhando uye kuvimbika, achiisa hwaro hwekubudirira kwezvigadzirwa zvako zvemagetsi.