Kuchenesa Kuchenesa vs Kusina Kuchenesa: Zvasara, Kuchenesa, uye Kuvimbika kwePCB

Flux ndiyo kemikari inoita kuti solder ifambe uye inyorovese jointi, uye mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti zvasara zvayo zvinofanira kugezwa here mushure mezvo. "No-clean" flux yakagadzirirwa kusiya zvasara zvakachengeteka zvaunogona kusiya panzvimbo; flux dzinochenesa dzinosiya zvasara zvaunofanira kubvisa. Kana ukakanganisa izvi unogona kuisa panjodzi yekubvisa matanho ekuchenesa kana, zvakatoipisisa, ngura uye kubuda kwemvura pasi pezvikamu zvakapfava. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinoitwa neflux, sarudzo yekuchena-nekuchena-nekuchena, maitiro ekubvisa zvasara zveflux nemazvo, uye kuti Highleap Electronics inodzora sei flux uye kuchena mukugadzirwa.

1. Chii chinoitwa ne soldering flux?

Kunyungudutsa kwesimbi kunoita mabasa matatu: kunobvisa oxide layer kubva pamusoro pesimbi nemakemikari, kunodzivisa oxide itsva kuti isaumbwe panguva yekupisa kwekunyungudutsa, uye kunoderedza kushushikana kwenzvimbo kuitira kuti solder yakanyunguduka ifambe zvakanaka uye inyorovese jointi. Pasina kunyungudutsa, oxide iri pamhangura necomponent leads inovhara solder kuti isabatana, uye unopedzisira wava kusviba, wakakora, kana kuti usinganyorovese zvisinei nekuti iron kana oven zvinopisa sei.

Flux inowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemagetsi: se core inside solder wire, se binder in solder paste uchienzaniswa ne standalone flux , uye semvura yakasiyana kana gel yekugadzirisa. Chinhu chakakosha kune mamwe mashoko egwaro iri ndechekuti flux inoshanda nemakemikari - basa iroro ndiro rinochenesa simbi, asi ndiro rinogonawo kusiya zvasara zvingada kubviswa kana basa rayo rapera.

2. Kuyerera kwakachena vs kuyerera kusina kuchena: musiyano uripi?

Musiyano uripo ndewezvinodiwa nezvinosara zvavo mushure mekunamirwa: zvinoyerera zvisina kuchena zvinosiya zvasara zvidiki, zvisina njodzi, zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya zvaunogona kusiya pabhodhi, nepo zvinoyerera zvinocheneswa (zvinonyungudika mumvura uye zvakawanda zvemhando dzerosin/RMA) zvichisiya zvasara zvaunofanira kubvisa. Mhuri yezvinoyerera inosarudza kuti inochenesa sei zvine simba uye kuti zvasara zvayo zvinofamba sei:

Kusachena ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekugadzira zvinhu zvemazuva ano nekuti kusageza kunochengetedza danho rekuita uye kudzivirira kuisa mvura pedyo nemidziyo inonamira. Mvura inonyunguduka inosarudzwa kana uchida kunyorovesa zvakanyanya uye ichanyatso suka bhodhi. Sarudzo haisi yemakemikari chete asi yezvese zvinoitika - inosangana nechikamu chebasa remvura inonyunguduka , zvikamu, uye kana chifukidziro chinotevera.

3. Unofanira here kuchenesa flux isina kuchena kubva paPCB?

Kazhinji haufanirwe kuchenesa mvura isina kuchena, asi pane zvimwe zvakakosha: chenesa kana bhodhi rakafukidzwa zvakanaka, kana richifanirwa kupasa bvunzo yekuchena kana yekupidigura zvakanyanya, kana nzvimbo yekuisa zvidimbu zvishoma kana kuti ine voltage yakawanda ichiita kuti chero chinhu chisaririra chive nengozi, kana kungoda kuti mutengi apedze isina tsvina. Mvura isina kuchena yakachengeteka kusiya chete kana maitiro acho akarurama uye mvura yasara yapera zvachose - mvura isina kuchena isina kupiswa inogona kusiya mvura inoshanda, isina kuchena zvishoma isina kunaka.

Chikonzero chimwe chete chinowanzo shandiswa kuchenesa bhodhi risina kuchena ipurasitiki iri pasi pemvura: jira remukati rinowanzo namatira zvisina kunaka pamusoro pemvura yakasara, saka bhodhi rinotanga racheneswa kunyangwe mvura yacho yaisava yakachena. Zvigadzirwa zvinovimbika zvakanyanya, chero chinhu chine ma node akaomarara ekudzivirira, uye mapuranga anotarisana nehunyoro ndezvimwe zviitiko apo kubvisa kunyange mvura isina kuchena ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka. Kana usina chokwadi, zvinhu zvinosarudza kirasi yekuvimbika, kana jira rinotevera, uye kuchena kwemutengi.

4. Maitiro ekuchenesa marara emvura kubva pabhodhi redunhu

Chenesai flux residue ne solvent inoenderana ne flux type — deionized water (kazhinji ne saponifier) ​​ye water-soluble flux, uye electronics-grade flux remover kana isopropyl alcohol (IPA) ye rosin ne no-clean residues — inoiswa nebhurashi yozoomeswa zvizere. Kushandisa cleaner isiriyo chikanganiso chinowanzoitika: IPA haibvisi zvizere residue inonyungudika mumvura, uye mvura yoga haibvisi rosin. Nzira yakajairika:

• Batanidza chinochenesa neflux. Zvisaririra zvinonyungudika mumvura zvinoda kucheneswa mumvura; rosin nezvisaririra zvisina kuchena zvinopindura nemuchina wekubvisa flux kana IPA ine purity yakawanda.
• Shanduka zvinyoro nyoro. Bhurasho rakapfava rinodzivirira static rinosimudza zvakasara kubva pasi nepakapoteredza zvikamu zvemuviri; dzivisa kumanikidza mvura pasi pezvikamu zvausingakwanise kuomesa.
• Dry zvachose. Mvura yekuchenesa yakavharirwa pachayo inogona kuva nengozi yekuvimbika, saka bhodhi rinofanira kunge rakaomeswa zvizere, kunyanya pasi pezvikamu zvisina kumira zvakanaka.
• Tarisa kana zvichikosha. Kuti basa rive rakavimbika zvakanyanya, kuchena kunogona kusimbiswa nekuyedzwa kwete kufungidzira.

Mufekitori izvi zvinoitwa nehurongwa hwekuchenesa hwemvura kana hwezvinonyungudutsa hunoshandiswa nemaoko, ndosaka kuchenesa kwePCB kunopa mhedzisiro inogara iripo uye inosimbiswa kupfuura kuchenesa mabhenji — zvakakosha kana kuvimbika kwebhodhi kuchienderana nazvo.

5. Chii chinoitika kana ukasiya flux residue isiriyo

Kusiya marara emvura ari mubhodhi kunogona kukonzera kufamba kwemakemikari, kukura kwedendrite, uye ngura zvinotungamira mukubuda kwemvura, zvikanganiso zvinogara zvichiitika, kana mwedzi mishoma mushure mekunge bhodhi rasvika. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekukundikana inoita kuti kuchena kwemvura kuve dambudziko rekuvimbika kwete rekushongedza - uye ndosaka "kusachena" kuchingogara kwakachengeteka kana marara acho anyatsopora uye asina njodzi.

Maitiro acho ari nyore kushandisa. Active flux residue inofambisa simba zvishoma uye ine ionic; pasi pehunyoro uye voltage inoshandiswa, maion esimbi anofamba nepakati pemupata uri pakati pemaconductors uye anokura zvidimbu zvidiki zvinofambisa simba zvinonzi dendrites, izvo zvinogona kubatanidza fine-pitch pads uye kukonzera pfupi. Kunyangwe pfupi pfupi, residue inoderedza kudzivirira kwekudzivirira kwepasi, zvichigadzira kubuda kwemvura kunoshatisa ma nodes ane impedance yakawanda uye kuverenga kwema sensor. Njodzi inowedzera zvakanyanya ne spacing yakasimba, voltage yakakwira, uye hunyoro kana condensing environments - chaizvo mamiriro apo bhodhi risingakanganwiki zvakanyanya. Migumisiro miviri inoshanda inotevera: residue inofanira kubviswa bhodhi risati ravharwa pasi pe conformal coating , iyo yaizoribata pa circuit, uye kune zvigadzirwa zvine kuvimbika kwakanyanya kuchena kunosimbiswa nekuyedzwa pane kufunga. Kungwarira kwakafanana kunosvika pakuchenesa bhodhi rese mushure mekugadzirisa chero kupi, uko flux kubva pa hand-soldering iri chinhu chakajairika chakavanzika.

6. Maitiro eHighleap ekudzora kuyerera uye kuchena mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu

Highleap inodzora kuyerera nekuchena sechikamu chegadziriro yekubatanidza, ichisarudza kemikari yekuyerera nekucheneswa kuti ienderane nekirasi yako yekuvimbika uye kana chifukidziro chichitevera. Kana pasina kuchena, maitiro acho anogadziriswa kuitira kuti zvasara zvinyatsoporeswa uye zvive zvisina njodzi; kana chigadzirwa chichida, kucheneswa kunodzorwa kunobvisa zvasara uye bhodhi rinoomeswa zvakanaka.

Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana kubatanidzwa kwacho kuchisvika pakudzivirira. Highleap inobatanidza SMT PCB assembly ne downstream conformal coating kana mapuranga akatarisana nehunyoro, guruva, kana kusangana nemakemikari, ichichenesa pachine nguva kuitira kuti coating inamire. Nekuti matambudziko ezvimedu zvinowanzo dzokera kumashure kune mafambiro etsoka uye nzvimbo, ongororo yekugadzira usati wavaka inobatsirawo. Kana ukakumbira mutengo, tiudze zvinodiwa ne flux/cleanness, kana uchida coating, uye kirasi yekuvimbika kuitira kuti maitiro acho agadzirwe nemazvo kubva pakutanga.

7. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa nezvekuchenesa neFlux

Unogona here kusvira pasina flux?

Mukuita, kwete — simbi isina chinhu inooxida uye solder haizonyorovese zvakanaka. Hauwanzo wedzera flux yoga pabasa rekutanga nekuti waya yesolder yatove neflux mukati mayo; pakuiswa pamusoro pechinhu uye pakugadzirisa, flux yekuwedzera inowanzo diwa.

Ko flux residue inofambisa mvura here?

Zvisara zvisina kuchena zvakacheneswa hazvifambisi mvura uye hazvipindi mvura zvakanyanya, ndosaka zvichigona kusiiwa panzvimbo yazvo. Zvisara zvinoshanda kana kuti zvakacheneswa zvishoma, uye zvisara zvinonyungudika mumvura, zvinofambisa mvura zvishoma uye zvinogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura kana ngura kana zvikasabviswa.

Ndinogona here kubvisa PCB ne isopropyl alcohol?

Ehe kune rosin uye masara asina kuchena — isopropyl alcohol ine pureness yakakwira (90%+) nebhurashi inoshanda zvakanaka. Haibvisi mvura inonyungudika zvakakwana, iyo inoda mvura isina ionized, saka enzanisai cleaner nerudzi rweflux.

Sei paine zvisaririra zvichena pabhodhi rangu mushure mekunamira?

Zvisaririra zvichena kana kuti zvine goko zvinowanzoreva kuti mvura yapiswa zvakanyanya, mushonga wekuchenesa usina kukodzera wakashandiswa, kana kuti zvakasara zvinonyunguduka mumvura zvakasiyiwa zvoita sezvisina kunaka. Zvinofanira kucheneswa, sezvo zvichigona kuratidza kuti mvura yasara inoshanda pane kuti mvura yasara isina njodzi.

Kuyerera kwesimbi kunopera here?

Ehe — solder inoyerera uye inoyerera nemhepo inoyerera nemhepo inodonha nekufamba kwenguva sezvo kemikari ye activator ichikura, uye solder paste inonyanya kugara kwenguva pfupi mufiriji. Old flux inonyorova zvisina kunaka uye inogona kusiya zvasara zvakaoma kuchenesa, saka inofanira kutsiviwa.

Kubuda kwemvura isina kuchena kwakachengeteka here kusiya kwenguva refu?

Kana maitiro acho akarurama uye zvasara zvanyatsopora, hongu — zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvirambe zviripo nekusingaperi. Njodzi yacho inoonekwa kana zvasara zvisina kupisa zvakanyanya kana zvakawandisa, kana mumamiriro ekunze ane voltage yakawanda, fine-pitch, kana hunyoro, uko kuchenesa kunova sarudzo yakachengeteka.