Solder Paste vs Solder Flux: Misiyano mikuru muPCB Assembly

ziviso

Hunhu hwekusonesa hunoratidza kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa chega chega chemagetsi. Asi chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuvhiringidzika pakuungana kwePCB chinosanganisira zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha: solder paste uye solder flux. Mainjiniya nemapoka ekutenga vanowanzo bvunza kuti sei mamwe maitiro achida solder paste nepo vamwe vachida flux chete. Mhinduro haisi yekutsiva, asi mukunzwisisa kuti zvinhu izvi zvinoshanda zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda muhurongwa hwekusonesa.

Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura musiyano uripo pakati pe solder paste ne solder flux, mabasa avo, uye mashandiro azvinoita pamwe chete mukugadzira PCB dzehunyanzvi.

Chii chinonzi Solder Paste?

Tsanangudzo uye Basa Rinokosha

Solder paste chinhu chakagadzirwa ne microscopic solder alloy particles dzakasungirirwa mu flux medium. Inoshanda sechinhu chikuru chinobatanidza mu surface mount technology (SMT) reflow soldering. Solder paste inoita mabasa maviri akakosha panguva imwe chete: inopa metallic filler iyo inoumba electrical ne mechanical bond, uye inopa chemical activity inodiwa kuti iite kuti inyorove zvakanaka. Kugona uku kwe dual kunoita kuti solder paste ive dombo repakona reSMT assembly lines dzemazuva ano.

Kuumbwa kweSolder Paste

Chikamu che solder alloy chinowanzo kuve nema formula akavakirwa pa tin akadai seSn63Pb37 ekushandisa lead kana SAC305 (Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5) emaitiro asina lead. Sisitimu ye flux iri mukati me solder paste ine activators, solvents, uye rheological agents zvinodzora viscosity uye thixotropic maitiro. Ichi chikamu che integrated flux ndicho chinobvumira solder paste kugadzirira simbi nemakemikari panguva ye reflow cycle. Chiyero chesimbi ne flux—kazhinji 85-90% yesimbi nehuremu—chinokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro ekudhinda uye kuumbwa kwemajoini.

Basa reSolder Paste muSMT Assembly

Mukugadzirwa kweSMT , solder paste inoiswa pamaPCB pads kuburikidza nestencil printing. Zvikamu zvinozoiswa zvakananga pamapaste deposits, izvo zvinopa kunamira kwenguva pfupi panguva yekubata. Munguva yekudzokazve, paste inoshanduka kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekupisa: preheat inomutsa flux, soak inobvumira thermal equalization, reflow inonyungudutsa alloy kuti iumbwe majoini, uye kutonhora kunoita kuti kubatana kuome. Solder paste isimbi yekubatanidza, kwete kungobatsira pakugadzirisa.

Chii chinonzi Solder Flux?

Tsanangudzo uye Chinangwa

Solder flux ikemikari yakagadzirwa kuti ivandudze mamiriro ekusonerwa pasina kubatsira pakugadzirwa kwejoinhi yekupedzisira. Kusiyana nesolder paste, flux haina metallic solder content. Chinangwa chayo chega ndechekugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anobatsira kuti metallurgical bonding ibvise tsvina pamusoro uye kudzivirira oxidation panguva yekupisa. Flux inoita kuti solder—ingave kubva paste, waya, kana preforms—iyerere uye inyorovese simbi dzepasi zvinobudirira.

Mabasa emakemikari eSolder Flux

Flux inoita mabasa matatu makuru emakemikari panguva yekusanganisa.

• Chekutanga, inoderedza simbi dzinoita semakemikoro pamadziro nepamusoro pezvikamu, zvichiita kuti simbi yakachena ikwanise kubatana.
• Chechipiri, inoumba chipingamupinyi chinodzivirira kudzoka kweokisijeni sezvo tembiricha dzichikwira dzichienda kunzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwesolder.
• Chechitatu, flux inoderedza kushushikana kwepamusoro pe solder yakanyungudutswa, zvichikurudzira kuyerera kwe capillary uye kunyorovesa zvakakwana kwejointi interface.

Maitiro aya akakosha pasinei nenzira yekutumira solder inoshandiswa.

Mhando Dzakajairika dzeSolder Flux

Rosin-based flux inopa basa riri pakati nepakati uye inosiya masara asina njodzi, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kushandiswa muzvinhu zvakawanda zvemagetsi. Mvura inonyunguduka inobvisa oxide asi inoda kucheneswa zvakanyanya mushure mekunyungudutswa kudzivirira ngura. Mvura isina kuchena inogadzirwa kuti isasiye masara mashoma, asingaparadzi anogona kuramba aripo, kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwemasara huchisiyana zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwayo. Kusarudzwa kunoenderana nedanho rebasa rinodiwa, zvinodiwa pakuchena, uye zvinodiwa zvekuvimbika.

Misiyano mikuru: Solder Paste vs Solder Flux

Basa Rinoshanda

Musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pe solder paste ne solder flux uri muhurongwa hwazvo hwekushanda. Solder paste chinhu chakakwana chinosanganisa majoini chinoumba chimiro chejoini. Solder flux chinhu chinoita kuti pave nekubatana asi hachipi zvinhu zvinobatanidza kubatanidzwa kwacho. Chimwe chinovaka joini; chimwe chinogadzirira mamiriro ekubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwejoini.

Fomu remuviri uye Nzira yekushandisa

Solder paste inowanikwa sechinhu chakakora, chakakora chinoiswa kuburikidza nekudhinda nestencil, kuburitsa, kana jet printing panzvimbo dzakatarwa dzepad. Flux inowanikwa mumhando dzemvura, gel, kana paste uye inoiswa kuburikidza nebrashi, kupfapfaidza, kunyudza, kana kuburitsa nemazvo. Kunyatsoshandiswa kwe solder paste kwakakwira zvakanyanya sezvo vhoriyamu ye paste inosarudza zvakananga geometry yemajoini uye maitiro ekuumbwa kwebhora re solder.

Mupiro muKuumbwa kweMajoini

Kana solder paste ikadzoka, zvidimbu zvesimbi zvinobatana uye zvinoumba kubatana kusingaperi pakati pechikamu nepedhi. Kuyerera kuri mukati mepaste kunoshanduka kana kuendeswa kumucheto wejoini. Kuyerera kwega kwega, zvakasiyana, hakusiyi mupiro wechimiro—kunopwa kana kuramba kuri masara uku kuchibvumira solder inowanikwa kunze kuti igadzire bond. Musiyano uyu unokosha pakuverenga huwandu hwesolder kuti uwane kuvimbika kwejoini.

Yakajairika Kushandisa Nyaya

Kubatanidzwa kweSMT reflow kunoda solder paste senzvimbo yekushanda kwe solder ne flux. Kubatanidza nemaoko, kusanganisa mafungu emvura, uye kugadzirisa mashandiro e wire solder pamwe chete ne flux yakasiyana. Kubatanidza BGA reballing uye kugadzirisa zvikamu zvinowanzoda kushandiswa kwe flux yekuwedzera kunyangwe paine ma solder preforms kana spheres. Zvinodiwa pakuita zvinosarudza kusarudzwa kwezvinhu.

Ko Solder Paste Inogona Kutsiva Solder Flux Here?

Solder paste haigone kutsiva zvachose solder flux yega yega mumashandisirwo ese. Kunyange zvazvo paste iine sisitimu ye flux yakabatanidzwa, huwandu hwayo hwe flux hwakagadzirirwa mamiriro e single-pass reflow. Panguva yekugadzirisa, secondary reflow, kana mashandiro ane nzvimbo dzakaoxidized zvakanyanya, kugona kwe flux mukati me paste kazhinji hakukwani.

Kuyerera kwemvura kunogona kunge kwatove kwakashandiswa kana kuti kwakachinja panguva yekutanga kugadzirwa. Pasi pekugadzira panowanzo shandiswa mvura yakawedzerwa pamwe chete ne solder paste panguva yekugadzirisa BGA , kugadzirisa, uye kugadzirisa uko kunodiwa kuti pave nekunyorovesa kwakasimba.

Maonero ePadanho reMaitiro

Kugadzirwa kweprofile ye "Reflow profile" kunokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro e "flux" mukati me "solder paste". Nguva yakareba pamusoro pe "liquidus" inogona kupedza mashandiro e "flux" usati wanyorova zvachose. Kutenderera kwakawanda kwe "thermal", senge "double-sided flow" kana "rework heating", kunoderedza zvishoma nezvishoma kushanda kwe "residual flux".

Zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvinosanganisira kusanyorova zvakakwana, kuputirwa kwesimbi, uye kuvharwa kwemvura zvinowanzo dzokera kumashure kumatambudziko ekushanda kwemvura isina kukwana pane matambudziko ekugadzirwa kwesimbi. Kunzwisisa bhajeti rekupisa rinoshandiswa nemhepo inoyerera kunoita kuti mainjiniya akwanise kugadzirisa ma profiles uye kuona kuti kana paine chikonzero chekuisa mvura yekuwedzera, mvura inoyerera.

Kusanzwisisana Kwakajairika Musangano wePCB

Kusanzwisisana kwakawanda kuripo maererano ne solder paste ne flux. Kutenda kuti flux ingori mhando shoma ye solder paste kunokanganwa nezvekugadzirwa kwavo kwakasiyana zvachose. Kufunga kuti vhoriyamu yakakwana ye solder inobvisa kudiwa kwe flux hakuteereri zvinodiwa zvemakemikari kuti metallurgical bonding ishande.

Pfungwa yekuti hapana flux yakachena inosiya zvisaririra zvisina tsarukano haina kururama muhunyanzvi—magadzirirwo asina kuchena anosiya zvisaririra zvishoma, zvisingakanganisi pane kusavapo. Kuziva musiyano uyu kunotsigira sarudzo dziri nani dzemaitiro.

mhedziso

Solder paste ne solder flux zvine nzvimbo dzakasiyana muhurongwa hwezvinhu zvinosungirirwa. Solder paste inopa hwaro hwechisungo chega chega cheSMT kuburikidza nehurongwa hwayo hwakabatanidzwa hwe alloy ne flux. Solder flux inoshanda semubatsiri wemakemikari anogadzirisa nzvimbo kuti pave nekubatana kwakanaka pasina kubatsira pakuumbwa kwejoints. Kubatanidzwa kwePCB kunoshanda kunoda kunzwisisa kuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe chakakodzera riini—uye kana zvese zvichidikanwa. Nheyo yeinjiniya iri nyore: solder paste inotsanangura chisungo; solder flux inobvumira chisungo.