Mutengo weBhodhi reDunhu reCustom: Chii Chinorifambisa uye Maitiro Ekuricheka

Mari yakawanda yebhodhi redunhu rakagadziriswa inovharirwa usati watumira mafaira. Sarudzo dzekugadzira dzaunoita — kuverengwa kwezvikamu, nzvimbo yekutara, kupedzisa kwenzvimbo, chimiro chebhodhi — zvinosarudza kana bhodhi rako richitengeswa sebasa renguva dzose kana basa rekuita nemazvo. Mabhodhi mazhinji anouya semabasa ekunyatsogadzirisa angadai ari mabasa akajairwa ane zvigadziriso zvidiki.

Chii Chinopinda Mumutengo

Mutengo webhodhi remasekete emagetsi une zvikamu zviviri: kugadzira nekubatanidza. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuti ndeapi madhiraivha emari aunogona kudzora usati waaraira.

Zvisarudzo gumi zvekugadzira zvinowedzera mutengo wako

1. Mutengo we trace/nzvimbo yakamanikana pabhodhi rese. Traces nhatu pa3 mil pedyo ne dense IC dzinoisa bhodhi rese pamutengo we3 mil/3 mil. Kana traces idzodzo dzisingadzorwi ne impedance, kudzidzosera ku5 mil kunogoneka nguva dzose - uye kunochengetedza 20–35%.

2. Zvikamu zvina kana zviviri zvichikodzera. Zvikamu zvina zvinodhura 1.8–2.5× kupfuura. Kune magadzirirwo edhijitari anomhanya zvishoma, bhodhi rine zvidimbu zviviri rine kudira kwemhangura kwakanyatsonaka rinowanzo sangana nezvinodiwa zvakafanana zvekuchengetedza masaini. Kune magadzirirwo ePCB ane frequency yakakwira kupfuura 1 GHz, zvikamu zvina zvinowanzo ruramiswa.

3. Kudzora kupindirana kunoshandiswa pabhodhi rese. Kutsanangura "bhodhi rekudzivirira kupindirana" kunotanga kuongororwa kweTDR pane imwe neimwe panel. Kana paine maRF traces mashoma chete anodiwa, ganhurira maspec kune matraces ari mudhirowa yekugadzira - imwe yese inoshanda pamutengo wakajairika.

4. ENIG kana HASL-LF yakakwana. ENIG inodiwa pamapakeji eQFN, BGA, uye WLCSP. Kana BOM yako iine mapassive e0603/0402 chete, matransistors eSOT, uye maconnector ethrough-hole, HASL-LF yakakwana zvakakwana nemutengo wakaderera ne30–60%.

5. Ukobvu hwebhodhi husiri hwemhando yepamusoro. Chero chinhu chisiri 1.6 mm chinoda zvinhu zvakatsaurirwa uye ma "press runs" akasiyana. Shandisa 1.6 mm kunze kwekunge dhizaini yemuchina ichinyatsoda zvimwe.

6. Mipata isina kufanira uye ma cutouts. Mupata wega wega ipuratifomu yerouter inobhadhariswa zvakasiyana. Bvisa chero mupata kana cutouts isina basa. Mabhodhi erectangular anodhura zvishoma pane mapuranga ane magadzirirwo akaomarara.

7. 2 oz mhangura kwese kwese kana chikamu chemagetsi chete ndicho chinochida. Kuwedzera 2–3 high-current traces pa 1 oz kunowanzo kuve kwakachipa pane kusimudzira bhodhi rese kusvika 2 oz. Shandisa IPC-2152 kuverenga zvinodiwa chaizvo.

8. SMT ine mativi maviri pasina kuongorora zvinodiwa. Kutenderera kaviri kwemagetsi kunowedzera mari inosvika 30–40% pamutengo wekugadzira. Ongorora kana zvikamu zvechipiri — kazhinji ma LED, ma decoupling caps, uye test points — zvichigona kutamira kudivi rekutanga.

9. Ma-via akavharirwa asina kuvharwa kuti zvive nyore kushandisa. Aya anodhura 2–4× kupfuura ma-via akavhurika nekuda kwemaitiro akasiyana ekuboorera neakagadzirwa nelamination. Kune magadzirirwo eHDI PCB ane huwandu hwakanyanya hwema-routing haadzivisiki. Kune magadzirirwo akajairika, mazhinji anogona kutsiviwa nema-via akavhurika uye ma-jogs mapfupi.

10. Chimiro chebhodhi chinoita kuti mapaneru asashande zvakanaka. Bhodhi re rectangular rinorasa pasi pe15% yenzvimbo yepaneru. Bhodhi risingawanzoitiki rinogona kurasa 35–40% - uye iwe unobhadhara marara iwayo papaneru rega rega. Kurukura nefekitori nezvepaneru usati wapedzisa kugadzirisa purani isina rectangular.

7 Kutora Misungo Yekudzivisa

1. Stackup haina kutaurwa. Fekitori inochinja kuita zvinhu zveTg 130°C kana usina kutsanangura. Kana application yako ichida Tg 150°C uye ukaona mushure mekunge mabhodhi akundikana mumunda, unobhadhara kuti ugadzirise zvese. Gara uchitsanangura zvinhu zvelaminate, Tg rating, uye dielectric constant. Ona peji redu rePCB laminate zvinhu kuti uwane mareferensi.

2. Kupera kwepamusoro kunonzi "standard." Mafekitori akasiyana ane maitiro akasiyana ekugadzirisa - HASL-LF, ENIG, kana leaded HASL. Kana chigadzirwa chako chichida kutevedzera RoHS, "standard" inogona kureva kutadza kutevedzera mitemo. Gara uchidudza zvakajeka kupedzisa kwepamusoro.

3. Faira rekuboorera risina musiyano wePTH/NPTH. Mafekitori mazhinji anoisa maburi ese pachinzvimbo. Buri rekuboorera rakaiswa jira rinobatanidza sikuruu nechero mambure emhangura ari pedyo - kazhinji GND kana chiteshi chemagetsi. Munzvimbo yesimbi, izvi zvinogadzira mabhurugwa mapfupi painobatidzwa.

4. BOM isina nhamba dzezvikamu zvemugadziri. Hapana MPN inomanikidza muunganidzi kuti awane chero chinhu chinoenderana netsananguro. Munguva yekugoverwa, chikamu ichocho chinogona kudhura 3–5× mutengo wakajairika, unotumirwa kwauri. Isa maMPN uye imwe nzira inotenderwa yechinhu chimwe nechimwe. Kuti uwane rutsigiro rwekuwana zvikamu , taura nezvekukwana kweBOM padanho rekutaura.

5. Kusanzwisisika kwehuremu hwemhangura. Unosarudza 1 oz muPO; zvisaririra zvaive saizi tichifunga kuti 2 oz. Fekitori inovaka sezvakatsanangurwa; zvisaririra zvesimba zvinopisa zvakanyanya. Simbisa kuti huremu hwemhangura muPO yako hunoenderana nemaverengero aripo iye zvino emugadziri wako.

6. Mari dzekumhanyisa hadzikurukurwe pachine nguva. Nguva yakatarwa yekuisa bhodhi rine nhurikidzwa ina mazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe. Kumhanyisa kusvika kumazuva matatu kunowanzo wedzera 30–50%. Kumhanya zvakanyanya kusvika kumaawa makumi maviri nemana kunogona kuwedzera 100–200%. Gadza nguva dzekumhanyisa usati wapinda munjodzi yenguva - kwete mushure meizvozvo.

7. Kushandisa mutengo weyuniti yemuenzaniso kufungidzira mutengo wekugadzira. Prototype yezvikamu zvishanu pamadhora zana nemakumi masere pabhodhi rakasanganiswa inova $12–18 pabhodhi pamadhora mazana mashanu. Mari yekugadzirisa (stencil, programming, first-article) yakafanana zvisinei nehuwandu - inongopararira payuniti dzakawanda pachiyero chekugadzira. Wana mutengo wehuwandu hwekugadzira usati wapedzisa mutengo wechigadzirwa chako.

Maitiro Ekugadzira Mainjiniya eCAM Anoderedza Mutengo Usati Wagadzirwa

Mainjiniya eCAM vanogadzirisa mafaira ako eGerber vasati vatanga kugadzira. Chikwata cheCAM chine hunyanzvi chinoita zvinopfuura kungotarisa kana paine zvikamu zvisipo.

1. Kugadzirisa mapanelo. Kuronga mabhodhi ako papanelo yekugadzira kuti uderedze marara ezvinhu. Musiyano uripo pakati pe60% ne85% yekushandiswa kwepanelo paodha yemayuniti mazana mashanu ishoma ne40% - kudzikiswa kwemutengo wezvinhu zvakananga.

2. Kuchenesa mafaira eGerber. Mafaira evatengi anogara aine ma "drill hits" asina hunyanzvi (apo pad yakabviswa mu "revision" yakazotevera), rugwaro rwesilkscreen rwuri pasi pehukuru hwe "printable" hushoma, uye copper kubva mu "design revisions" dzekare. Kubvisa izvi kunochengetedza nguva ye "drill", nguva ye "print", uye mibvunzo yeQC pane imwe neimwe panel iri kushanda.

3. Kubatanidza saizi yechibooreso. Saizi nhatu dzemaburi pa0.95 mm, 1.00 mm, uye 1.05 mm dzezvinhu zvisina kukosha zvekuisa zvinoda shanduko nhatu dzezvishandiso. Kubatanidza kusvika pa1.00 mm hakuna simba rekushanda uye kunoderedza nguva yekubooresora pane imwe neimwe panel.

4. Kuenzanisa mhangura kudzivirira kupwanyika. Kusagovana mhangura zvisina kuenzana kunoita kuti mapuranga akotama panguva yekukweshana uye kuyererazve. Mabhodhi akakombama anokonzera kutadza kuisa SMT. Mainjiniya eCAM anowedzera kuba mhangura — madotsi madiki munzvimbo dzisina mhangura — kuti kugovana kuenzana kusati kwatanga bhodhi rimwe chete.

5. DRC usati wagadzira. Kuwana mhosva yekutyora mutemo muCAM hakuna muripo - inyaya yeGerber. Kuwana mhosva imwechete mushure mechinyorwa chekutanga kunodhura kudzokororwa kwakazara: kazhinji $300–800 uye mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi nemana pamuenzaniso we4-layer.

6. Kuisa coupon yekuedza Impedance. Kune mabhodhi ekudzivirira anodzorwa, TDR certification inoda coupon yekuedza pane panel. Kana dhizaini yako isina imwe, mainjiniya eCAM anoiisa munzvimbo yemarara. Pasina iyo, nzira chete yekusimbisa ndeyekurega bhodhi rekugadzira.

7. Kugadziriswa kwetabhu inoputika uye V-score. Kusaiswa zvakanaka kwetabhu kana kudzika kusina kunaka kweV-score kunopwanya majoini e solder panguva yekubvisa mapaneti. Kuita izvi nemazvo zvinoreva kuti mabhodhi anopatsanurwa zvakanaka — hapana kugadziriswazve mushure mekubatanidza.

Maitiro Ekugadzira Mainjiniya Anoita Kuti Mitengo Yekugadzira Iderere

1. Dhizaini yekuvhura mabhodhi ane ma "stencil aperture" akagadzirwa ne "mixed-density". Bhodhi rine ma "fine-pitch QFN pads" uye ma "large power inductor pads" rinoda ma "aperture ratios" akakura zvichienderana nerudzi rwe "component" - kwete ukobvu hwakafanana. Kuvhara ma "fine-pitch" akawanda kunoabatanidza; kuvhura ma "big pads" makuru kunoita kuti pave ne "dry joints". Kugadzirisa QFN yakavharirwa kunodhura $20-50 pachiitiko chimwe nechimwe, tisingaverenge njodzi ye "component" iri pedyo.

2. Kudzokorodza bhodhi kwakagadziriswa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya. Kudzokorodza bhodhi kunoshanda paavhareji kunogona kuderedza kupisa kwebhodhi rakasimba rine zvidimbu zvakawanda, zvichida kudzokorodza bhodhi kechipiri. Mainjiniya ekugadzira vanogadzira bhodhi idzva rega rega nemathermocouple pamiviri yeIC - kwete substrate - kuti vasimbise tembiricha chaiyo mukufamba kamwe chete.

3. Kubatanidza mafungu nekusarudza. Kubatanidza mafungu ne40–60% zvakachipa pazvikamu zvinopinda nepaburi pane kusarudza. Kunokundikana chete kana zvikamu zveSMT zviri pasi zvikakuvara. Kana mutengi akaisa sarudzo yekusanganisa pabhodhi panoshanda mafungu, kuchinja kuita wave kunoderedza mari zviri nyore.

4. Kuongorora nyaya yekutanga usati wapedza. FAI inobata zvinhu zvisiri izvo, zvikanganiso zvepolarity, uye matambudziko epaste volume pabhodhi rimwe chete - nyaya idzodzo dzisati dzadzokororwa pa500. Mutengo weFAI maminetsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu enguva yeinjiniya. Mutengo wekugadzirisazve zvese i5–20× mutengo wekutanga wekugadzira.

5. Kuronga kweAOI zvakanangana nebhodhi. Chirongwa cheAOI chakajairika chinoona kusarongeka kuri pachena asi chinokundikana zvishoma: chikamu chakarurama chiri mugwara risiri iro, mabhiriji mashoma pamapadhi e 0.4 mm, kudzoserwa kwe polarity ye LED. Mapurogiramu chaiwo ebhodhi, akanyorwa nenzira dzinozivikanwa dzekukundikana kwedhizaini iyoyo, anobata zvikanganiso zvakawanda pakutanga - kudzokororwa kushoma, mutengo wakaderera pabhodhi rega rega rinotumirwa.

6. Kugadzirisa kutevedzana kwezvikamu zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekudyisa uye kuderedza kufamba kwemusoro kunowedzera kugona kwekuisa zvinhu ne15–30% pamagadzirirwo akajairika. Pakushanda kwemayuniti chiuru, ndiko kudzikiswa kwakananga kwenguva yemuchina uye mutengo wekugadzira.

Chii Chinoongororwa neHighleap Usati Wanyora Mashoko?

Highleap Electronics inoongorora dhizaini yemutengi wese isati yasimbisa mutengo.

Mushumo weDFM pamafaira ako eGerber. Tinoongorora kana paine kutyorwa kuri pasi pemaficha, kusawirirana kwekugadzirwa kwechinhu neBOM yako, kuoma kwechinyorwa kunowedzera mutengo pasina kushanda, uye huremu hwemhangura hwakanyanya. Kana shanduko diki dzikatamisa bhodhi rako kubva pamutengo wepamusoro kuenda kumutengo wepamusoro, tinokuudza nekunyora usati wazvipira.

Kugadziriswa kweCAM pane odha yega yega. Kugadziriswa kwemapaneru, kusanganisa mabhora, kuyera mhangura, uye dhizaini yemakuponi ekuyedza ndizvo zvakajairika pane zvese zvakagadzirwa - kwete zvinhu zvepamusoro-soro.

Ongororo yeBOM uye kutarisa kuwanikwa kwechinhu. Tinosimbisa kuwanikwa kwechinhu tisati tasimbisa nguva yako yekutenga. Mutengo unofunga kuti zvikamu zvese zviripo asi zviviri zviri muchikamu chemavhiki gumi nematanhatu hausi mutengo chaiwo.

Kukurukurirana kwepanel ye maodha ezvikamu anopfuura mazana maviri. Tinokuratidza mwero wekushandiswa kwepaneru yechimiro chebhodhi rako uye tinoisa chiratidzo chekugadzirisa chero dhairekitori kungarivandudza. Kuvandudzwa kwe15% yegoho paodha yezvikamu chiuru kudzikiswa kwemutengo kunotora hurukuro yemaminitsi gumi.

Kuti uwane zvirevo uye kugona kwePCB , ona peji redu rekugadzira. Kuti uwane turnkey PCB assembly yakazara kusanganisira SMT, through-hole, uye functional testing, ona peji redu rekugadzira.

Tora Kufungidzira Kwemutengo weBhodhi reDunhu Rakagadzirwa Nemunhu

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Mutengo webhodhi redunhu rakagadziriswa unosvika papi?

Muenzaniso weFR4 une zvidimbu zviviri pazvikamu zvishanu (100 × 80 mm, HASL-LF, isina impedance inodzorwa) inowanzoita $15–40 pabhodhi. Bhodhi rine zvidimbu zvina rine ENIG uye impedance inodzorwa pahuwandu hwakafanana rinoita $60–150. Mabhodhi akaunganidzwa pazvikamu zvishanu zvemadhizaini emagetsi evatengi anotangira pamadhora masere kusvika makumi maviri pachikamu chimwe. Tumira mafaira ako eGerber neBOM — Highleap inodzosa mitengo mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana emadhizaini akajairwa.

Ndechipi chinjo imwe chete yedhizaini inoderedza mari zvakanyanya?

Kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwemachira. Kubva pa4-layer kuenda ku2-layer kunoderedza mutengo wekugadzira bhodhi risina chinhu ne45–55% pahukuru hwakaenzana — hapana shanduko yehurongwa inodiwa. Chinhu chechipiri chakanyanya kukosha ndechekurerutsa nzvimbo: 3 mil/3 mil kusvika 5 mil/5 mil mukati menguva yese kunochengetedza 20–35% pakugadzira, zvichingoda kuongororwa kwechimiro chete.

Sei mutengo weprototype yangu pabhodhi rimwe nerimwe uchidhura zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo wekugadzira?

Mari yekugadzirisa — kugadzira mastencil, kuronga kwekutora nekuisa, maitiro ekutanga — akafanana kunyangwe ukaraira mabhodhi mashanu kana mazana mashanu. Pamayuniti mashanu, kugadzirisa kunomiririra 80–90% yemari yeyuniti. Pamayuniti mazana mashanu, 10–15%. Usamboshandisa mitengo yemuenzaniso kuratidza economics yeyuniti yekugadzira.

Ndingaziva sei kana bhodhi rangu richida kudzorwa kwe impedance?

Chero zviratidzo zvinotakura zviratidzo zvinopfuura 100 MHz, ma differential pairs (USB, Ethernet, LVDS, PCIe), RF traces kuenda kuma antenna, uye high-speed serial interfaces (HDMI, MIPI) zvinoda izvozvo. Zviratidzo zvedhijitari zvinomhanya zvishoma, analog audio, power distribution, uye control signals dziri pasi pe50 MHz hazviwanzodaro. Kana usina chokwadi, zviise muchikumbiro chako chekuongorora DFM.

Mafaira api anodiwa neHighleap kuti mutengo uve wakarurama?

Kugadzira: Mafaira eGerber, faira reExcellon rekuboorera rine PTH/NPTH yakatarwa, layer stackup (layers, copper huremu, ukobvu, laminate), surface finish, uye target uwandu uye zuva rekutumira. Kugadzira turnkey: zvese zviri pamusoro apa pamwe neBOM ine nhamba dzezvikamu zvemugadziri, faira re centroid rekusarudza, uye drawing yekuunganidza. Kutumira kusina kukwana kunogona kuderedza mutengo chaiwo ne20–40%.