ENIG Ukobvu uye Black Pad: Gwaro rekugadzira PCB Finish

ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) iPCB surface finish inozivikanwa ne flat pads uye fine-pitch solderability, asi kubudirira kwayo kunoenderana nezvinhu zviviri izvo vatengi vanowanzo kanganwa: nickel negold thickness control, uye black pad prevention. Kunzwisisa miganhu iyoyo kunobatsira mainjiniya kusarudza kuti ENIG ndiyo finish chaiyo riini uye kuti mugadziri anofanira kuongorora chii vasati vagadzira.

Chii chinonzi ENIG Surface Finish?

ENIG inodzivirira mapedhi emhangura ebhodhi rapera uye inoita kuti rive pamusoro paro pakavimbika uye panogona kusanganiswa. Mhangura isina chinhu inokurumidza kusanganiswa, izvo zvinokanganisa kusanganiswa, saka bhodhi rega rega rinoda kusanganiswa. ENIG inogadzirisa izvi nezvikamu zviviri: nickel barrier inodzivirira mhangura, uye chivharo chegoridhe chakatetepa chinoita kuti nickel ikwanise kusanganiswa kusvika yaungana. Mugumisiro wacho inzvimbo yakati sandara, inogara kwenguva refu inokodzera magadzirirwo emazuva ano akaomarara.

Hunhu hukuru hweENIG

• Maumbirwo ane nhurikidzwa mbiri: nikeli isina magetsi pasi pegoridhe rakanyudzwa.
• Nzvimbo yakati sandara: kuenzana kwakanaka kwazvo kwepitch yakanaka uye kuiswa kweBGA.
• Hazvina mutobvu: yakakodzera kushandiswa kweRoHS soldering yemazuva ano.
• Hupenyu hurefu hwesherufu: inodzivirira oxidation kuti igare kwenguva refu.
• Mapedhi ane mabasa akawanda: inotsigira kusungirirwa, nzvimbo dzekubatana, uye kubatana kwewaya yearuminiyamu.

Musanganiswa iwoyo wekuti matanda acho akati sandara uye anogara kwenguva refu ndosaka ENIG iri sarudzo yakajairika pamabhodhi akaomarara, kusanganisira magadzirirwo akaomarara atinovaka ekubatanidza mapuranga akapfava . Mapedhi ayo akapfava anobatsira zvikuru pane asina kuenzana pakugadzika zvidimbu zvidiki.

Mashandiro ENIG Plating

ENIG yakagadzirwa nemakemikari, isina electroplating current, inova chimwe chezvikonzero nei ichiisa zvinhu zvakaenzana. Kunzwisisa matanho kunoratidza kuti mhando inowanwa kana kuti inorasika kupi.

Matanho makuru ekuita

• Kuchenesa uye kucheneswa kwechinhu: mhangura inocheneswa uye inogochwa zvishoma kuti inamatire.
• Kushanda: chinhu chinokonzeresa palladium chinodyara pamusoro kuti nickel ikwanise kuunganidzwa.
• Nickel isina magetsi: Maplate e nickel-phosphorus akasungirirwa zvakaenzana pamusoro pemhangura yese.
• Ndarama yekunyudzwa: goridhe rinobvisa pamusoro penickel yakatetepa, richivhara uye richiidzivirira.
• Sukurudza uye woomesa: Kuchenesa nokungwarira kunodzivirira marara nengura.

Goridhe harigari mujoini yekupedzisira yesolder; rinonyungudika panguva yekusolder, uye solder inobatana nenickel. Ndosaka mhando yenickel ichikosha zvikuru pakusimba kwejoint.

ENIG vs HASL vs OSP vs Kunyudzwa Sirivha

ENIG ndeimwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzemagadzirirwo akajairika. Pakati pazvo pane kuenzana kwekusatsetseka, mutengo, nguva yekushanda, uye zvikamu zviri kuunganidzwa.

Kuenzanisa kwekupedzisira kwekiyi

• HASL: mutengo wakaderera uye wakasimba, asi hauna kuenzana; wakaderera pakuita bhora rakanaka uye BGA.
• OSP: yakachipa uye yakati sandara, asi inogara kwenguva pfupi uye inogona kuyerera kamwe chete.
• Sirivha yekunyudza: yakati sandara uye inochinjika, asi inogona kusviba uye kukanganiswa nekubata.
• ENIG: yakati sandara, yakasimba, inochinjika zvakanaka, pamutengo wakakwira.
• Mutyairi wesarudzo: chinangwa chekutengeserana, nguva yakatarwa yekushandisa, bhajeti, uye kuvimbika.

Pakugadzira zvinhu zvine ruzha rwakanyanya zvakaita se laminate ine low-loss , finish yakaita seENIG kana sirivha inonyudzwa inobatsira kuchengetedza masaini achibuda zvakanaka nguva dzose.

ENIG vs ENEPIG: Misiyano Yakakosha

ENEPIG (Electroless Nickel Electroless Palladium Immersion Gold) inowedzera palladium layer pakati penickel negoridhe. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti layer yekuwedzera inowana marii.

Misiyano mikuru

• Rutivi rwekuwedzera: ENEPIG inoisa palladium pakati penickel negoridhe.
• Kudzivirira mapedhi matema: chivhariso chepalladium chinoderedza njodzi yekuora kwenickel.
• Wire bonding: ENEPIG inotsigira zvakanaka waya yegoridhe neyearuminiyamu.
• Mariro: ENEPIG inodhura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kwe palladium.
• Kushandiswa kwakajairika: ENEPIG inokodzera mashandisirwo akavimbika uye anobatanidza mabhondi akasiyana-siyana.

Kune akawanda mabhodhi makuru, ENIG yakakwana uye inodhura zvishoma. ENEPIG yakachengeterwa kuvimbika kwakanyanya kana zvinodiwa zvekubatanidza waya, senge mamwe mabhodhi ari mumutsara wedu weHDI.

Magadzirirwo eGoridhe neNickel Ukobvu (IPC-4552)

Hunhu hweENIG hunonyanya kutsanangurwa nekukora kwechikamu, uye IPC-4552 ndiyo inonyanya kutsanangurwa. Kuvakwa kwayo ndiko kunoita kuti majoini ave akavimbika uye adzokororwe.

Zvinangwa zvekukora kwekiyi

• Rutivi rwe nickel: kazhinji inenge 3–6 µm (120–240 µin) ye nickel isina magetsi.
• Rutivi rwegoridhe: chivharo chitete, chingangoita 0.05–0.1 µm (2–4 µin).
• Phosphorus yezvinhu: inodzorwa mu nickel kuti ienzanise kuramba ngura uye kugona kwayo kusundidzira.
• Kufanana: kufukidza kwakaenzana pamapedhi ese, makuru nemadiki.
• Standard: IPC-4552 inotsanangura uye inoyera kukosha uku.

Nickel shoma inogona kukonzera ngura; goridhe rakawanda rinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemajoini uye mari yakawanda. Kubata hwindo reIPC-4552 ndicho chinangwa chinoshanda, uye chinotariswa panguva yekuongorora kwakazara kwekugadzirwa.

Black Pad: Nzira Yekare yeENIG Yekukundikana

"Black pad" ndiyo dambudziko rinonyanya kukonzerwa neENIG. Kuora kwe nickel layer ndiko kunoita kuti majoini e solder asashande zvakanaka, uye idambudziko guru rekudzora mashandiro.

Zvinhu zvikuru nezve black pad

• Chii chiri: kuoxidation/ngura zvakanyanya kwenickel panguva yekuiswa kwegoridhe.
• Zvinotaridzika sei: nzvimbo ine rima ine nickel inoonekwa kana pfundo rikakundikana.
• Migumisiro: Mapfundo asina kusimba kana akavhurika anogona kupasa bvunzo yekutanga asi okundikana gare gare.
• Cause: goridhe rinonyudza zvine hutsinye zvakanyanya richirwisa miganhu ye nickel grain.
• Prevention: kemikari yekugezera zvakasimba, nguva, uye kudzora phosphorus.

Dema pad rinogona kudzivirirwa nekudzora maitiro, ndosaka kukura kwetambo yepurasitiki yemugadziri kuchikosha zvikuru pakuvimbika kweENIG.

Nguva Yekusarudza ENIG Yebhodhi Rako

ENIG haisi iyo inongoerekana yakwana bhodhi rega rega. Inowana mutengo wayo wakakwira mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.

Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekusarudza ENIG

• Fine-pitch uye BGA: Kusatsetseka kwakakosha kune mapedhi madiki, akakora.
• Kuchengetera kwenguva refu: Mabhodhi akaiswa asati agadzirwa anobatsirwa nehupenyu hwawo hwekuchengetedza.
• Press-fit uye vanhu vaunosangana navo: nzvimbo yakaoma, yakati sandara inokodzera zvinobatanidza uye maswitch pads.
• Kubatanidza waya yearuminiyamu: ENIG inotsigira kana zvichidikanwa.
• Mixed assembly: kupedzisa kumwe chete kunoshanda mabasa akawanda epad.

Kana bhodhi riri nyore, rinorema kupfuura nepakati, uye risingadhuri zvakanyanya, HASL kana OSP ingave sarudzo iri nani yehupfumi. Sarudzo yacho inofanira kutevedzera dhizaini, zvikamu, uye chinangwa chekuvimbika, icho chiri chinhu icho mainjiniya edu anotsigira kuburikidza nemasevhisi edu makuru ekugadzira.

ENIG paMabhodhi Akabatana uye Akasimba

ENIG isarudzo yakasimba yematunhu anochinjika uye akaomarara, uko kupfava kwayo uye kugara kwayo kwenguva refu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemagungano ekukombama.

Pfungwa huru dzekushandisa flex

• Kufukidzwa kwakatetepa uye kwakatwasuka: inokodzera zvinhu zvakanaka zvinowanikwa pa flex circuits.
• Kuvimbika kwekubatanidza: Mapedhi eENIG anobata paZIF uye panosangana bhodhi nebhodhi.
• Kurwisana kukanganiswa: inobatsira apo macircuit eflex anotarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
• kugarisana: inoshanda ne polyimide yakagadzirwa inoshandiswa mu flex builds.
• Kuchinjika kwenzwi rakatsetseka: inoenderana zvakanaka nemagadzirirwo eHDI-flex akakora.

Pazvigadzirwa izvi, tinoshandisa ENIG mumabhodhi edu anochinjika uye tinoasanganisa nemaitiro edu ekubatanidza mabhodhi anochinjika , kusanganisira magadzirirwo eHDI-flex . Kana muine mibvunzo pamusoro pemabhodhi anochinjika, timu yefekitori yedu inogona kupa mazano ekusarudza magadzirirwo ekutanga.

Mutengo weENIG Uchienzaniswa Nemamwe Mapedzisiro Epamusoro

ENIG iri pakati pemutengo wekupedzisira. Inodhura kupfuura sarudzo dzepakutanga asi iri pasi pegoridhe rakasimba, uye kune akawanda magadzirirwo akaomarara, kuvimbika kwainopa kunokosha.

Kuchinjana kwemitengo mikuru

• ENIG: inodhura pakati nepakati kusvika pamusoro ine mapedhi akati sandara uye akasimba.
• HASL: kupedzisa kwakachipa, asi kusina kuenzana pakukanda zvakanaka.
• OSP: mutengo wakaderera uye hupenyu hupfupi hwekuchengetedza.
• Sirivha yekunyudza: mutengo wepakati nepakati uye yakanaka.
• Ndarama yakaoma: inodhura zvakanyanya, inoshandiswa pakubatanidza zvinhu zvemucheto.

Kupera kwakakodzera kunoenderana nebhodhi, uye pabasa rakaoma rema multilayer rinosarudzwa pamwe chete ne stackup panguva yekuronga kwedu ma multilayer board akaomarara.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Chii chinonzi ENIG?

ENIG inomiririra Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold. Inotsanangura kupedzisa kwezvikamu zviviri: chidziviriro chenickel chisina electro pamusoro pemhangura, chakafukidzwa nechikamu chegoridhe chakatetepa chinochengetedza nickel ichigona kusunganidzwa.

Ko solder inobatanidzwa negoridhe here kana nickel muENIG?

Kusvika ku nickel. Chivharo chegoridhe chakatetepa chinonyungudika mu solder yakanyungudutswa panguva yekubatanidzwa, uye jointi chaiyo inoumbwa pa nickel layer. Ndosaka kunaka kwe nickel kuchikurudzira kuvimbika kwejointi.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakajairika zve ENIG thicknesses?

Pa IPC-4552, nickel inowanzova 3–6 µm (120–240 µin) uye goridhe rinenge 0.05–0.1 µm (2–4 µin). Kubata ma ranges aya kunoenzanisa kuramba ngura, kugona kusundidzira, uye mutengo.

Chii chinokonzera black pad mu ENIG?

Dema pad inyaya yekuora kwe nickel layer inokonzerwa nedanho regoridhe rinonyudzwa zvakanyanya richirwisa miganhu ye nickel grain. Inodzorwa nekunyatso geza, nguva, uye phosphorus.

Ndinofanira kusarudza rini ENIG pane HASL?

Sarudza ENIG kana uine zvikamu zve fine-pitch kana BGA, uchida nzvimbo yakatsetseka ye coplanar, unoda kugara kwenguva refu, kana kuti uchida kupedzisa pad ine mabasa akawanda. HASL yakanaka kumabhodhi ari nyore, anorema kupfuura nepakati, uye anodhura zvishoma.

ENEPIG iri nani pane ENIG here?

ENEPIG inowedzera palladium layer inovandudza kuramba kwe black-pad uye inotsigira dzimwe nzira dzekubatanidza waya, asi inodhura zvakanyanya. Kune akawanda mabhodhi ENIG yakakwana; ENEPIG yakachengeterwa zvinodiwa zvekuvimbika zvakanyanya kana kuti zvinosanganiswa.

Ko ENIG inogona kushandiswa pamaPCB anochinjika here?

Ehe. ENIG inoshanda zvakanaka pamatunhu anochinjika uye akaomarara, uko kupfava kwayo, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuramba ngura kunokodzera zvinhu zvakanaka uye kubatana kweconnector pamagetsi anokotama.