PCB yeHard Drive: Basa, Maitiro Ekukundikana, uye Kugadzira

PCB yedhisiki yakaoma ibhodhi regirini rakasungirirwa pasi peHDD ye3.5″ kana 2.5″. Rinomhanyisa mota, rinoisa misoro, rinotonga nzira yekuverenga, uye rinotaura nehost kuburikidza neSATA - uye nekuti chikamu chayo chakagadziriswa zvakasiyana kune iyo drive imwe chete, haugone kugadzirisa dhisiki rakasviba nekubatanidza pabhodhi kubva kune imwe modhi yakafanana. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura chaizvo zvinoitwa nebhodhi, nei swap yakatwasuka ichiwanzokundikana, maficha ekugadzira anoita kuti mabhodhi aya ave akaoma, uye kuti Highleap Electronics inovaka sei maPCB nema assemblies emhando yekuchengetera.

1. Chii chinoitwa nePCB pahard drive?

PCB iri pahard drive ibhodhi remagetsi redhiraivha, uye inoita mabasa mana: inotenderedza maplate nemota isina brushless spindle, inofambisa read/write heads nevoice-coil actuator, inogadzirisa masaini madiki eanalog kubva kuheads kuburikidza ne preamp ne read channel, uye inobata SATA (kana SAS) interface uye cache kune host computer. Muchidimbu, maplates anochengeta mabits asi PCB ndiyo inoshandura mabits iwayo kuita diski inoshanda iyo operating system inogona kuona.

Panyama, bhodhi reHDD remazuva ano rine system-on-chip huru (controller, inosanganisa hard-disk controller, microprocessor, uye read channel), DRAM cache chip, motor-driver IC inoshandura ma currents akakwira kuenda ku spindle ne actuator, uye serial flash kana ROM holding firmware diki. Chinokosha ndechekuti, mamwe ma calibration uye adaptive data - ma parameter anogadzirisa bhodhi kuti rienderane nema magnetic characteristic chaiwo e heads nema plates ayo - anogara mu flash iyoyo uye mu controller. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti chikamu chinotevera chikoshe zvakanyanya.

2. Unogona kuchinja PCB yedhisiki yakaoma kuti uwanezve data here?

Kwete — kuchinjana PCB kubva kune donor drive yakafanana neyako kazhinji hakudzore data rako, uye zvinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuipa. Madhiraivha emazuva ano anochengeta adaptive calibration yedhiraivha (inowanzonzi "adaptives") mu serial flash chip pabhodhi uye mukati me controller, uye izvi zvinofananidzwa nemisoro nemaplate edhiraivha imwe chete. Donor board ine adaptives dzisiri idzo, saka kunyangwe PCB yakafanana nemuviri ichatadza kuverenga maplate nemazvo, uye kushandisa mota driver isina kuenderana kunogona kumanikidza heads.

Kana nyanzvi dzichiedza kuchinjana bhodhi, tsika yakajairika ndeyekutumira ROM/flash chip yedhiraivha yekutanga kubhodhi revanopa kuitira kuti zvigadziriso zvakakodzera zvifambe nazvo - basa rekugadzirisazve rakapfava, kwete kuchinjana ne plug-and-play. Kune data rinokosha, nzira yakachengeteka irabhoritari yekuongorora data pane kuedza. Kana kufarira kwako kuri trace yakakuvara kana pad yakasimudzwa pabhodhi rauri kugadzirisa, iro dambudziko rakasiyana rinogadziriswa nemaitiro ekugadzirisa trace ePCB , uye kugadzirazve bhodhi re multilayer risina gwaro ndiro basa re multilayer PCB reverse engineering . Chero nzira, chidzidzo ndechekuti bhodhi reHDD rakabatana zvakasimba nedrive yaro uye harisi chikamu chakajairika.

3. Chii chinoita kuti HDD PCB iome kugadzira

MaPCB edhiraivha akaomarara ari kuda kugadzirwa nekuti anobatanidza masaini eSATA anomhanya zvakanyanya, ma analog front ends anonzwa, mota inotyaira ine simba guru, uye ma controller eBGA akapfava pabhodhi diki, rinowanzova nematanho akawanda. Rimwe nerimwe reaya rinokwevera dhizaini kune kugona kwakasiyana kwekugadzira, uye bhodhi rekuchengetedza rinofanira kugutsa ese panguva imwe chete:

• Kufambisa kwemota nekukurumidza kwakadzorwa-kudzorwa. SATA inomhanya sema "differential pairs" pa "multi-gigabit rates", saka "differential traces" inoda "definition impedance" yakatarwa ne "stackup" - basa rinoenderana ne "tight" zvinodiwa zvekudzora kudzorwa kuwanikwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu.
• Kuunganidzwa kwezvikamu zvakawanda. Kuparadzanisa mafungu emagetsi ane ruzha kubva kumasaini epreamp akapfava uye interface inomhanyisa kazhinji zvinoda a multilayer pcb nendege dzepasi nedzemagetsi dzakatsaurirwa.
• Kuungana kweBGA kwakapfava. SoC inodzora inowanzova BGA yakapfava, iyo inogona kuiswa nekuongororwa zvakavimbika chete netambo yehunyanzvi yeSMT uye X-ray.
• Kupedzisa kwepamusoro kwakavimbika kune vanobatana. Makona emucheto nemapadhi ekubatanidza anoda kupedzisa kwakasimba uye kwakatsetseka, ndosaka maitiro akaita seaya ENIG pamusoro pekupedzisira inowanikwa pamabhodhi ekuchengetera zvinhu uye evatengi.

Hunhu ihwohwo hunoonekwawo mumaPCB emazuva ano emagetsi evatengi , uko mabhodhi madiki, anomhanya zvakanyanya, ane masaini akasiyana-siyana ariwo akajairika pane kungosiyana.

4. Nei maPCB edhisiki redhisiki asingashande (uye maitiro ekugadzira achipesana nazvo)

MaPCB edhiraivha anowanzo kundikana nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemagetsi zvakanyanya - kuwedzerwa kwesimba kana kutadza kushanda kweTVS diode ichibvisa IC yemutyairi wemota - uye kubva mukuneta kwekupisa kunopwanya majoini emasolder kwemakore ekupisa. Mutyairi wemota ndiye anowanzo kuva nenjodzi nekuti anochinja ma currents makuru uye anomhanya zvakanyanya, saka kukwira kana kuti marginal solder joint ipapo ndiyo inouraya madhiraivha akawanda nguva refu ma plates asati apera.

Kugadzira nzira dzekutadza idzi kunonyanya kukosha pakubata simba rakasimba uye kuungana kweruzha. Nzira yemagetsi yakachena ine dziviriro yakakodzera inochengetedza kumhanya kusvika pamutyairi; kuderedzwa kwakakwana kwemhangura nekupisa pasi pemaIC anopisa kunoderedza kushanduka kwekushisa; uye majoini emhando yepamusoro - akasimbiswa pane kufungidzira - anodzivirira kuneta kwekupisa. Pfungwa mbiri dzekupedzisira idzodzo sarudzo dzekugadzira senge dzekugadzira, ndosaka kubata marginal footprint kana thermal-pad pattern mu pre-build manufacturability review inobatsira nguva isati yasvika vhoriyamu. Mushure mekubatanidzwa, AOI neX-ray zvinosimbisa kuti majoini anoona kuvimbika kwenguva refu akanaka chaizvo.

5. SATA, SAS, uye zvinodiwa zvemabhodhi ekuchengetedza zviratidzo

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera data dzakadai seSATA neSAS dzinoshanda sema "high-speed differential pairs", uye kusangana ne "signal integrity" yadzo ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kudiwa pa "storage board". SATA inoshanda pa "multi-gigabit data rates" pamusoro pe "single differential pair" pa "direction", nepo SAS ichikwidza mitengo yakakwira uye inowanzoonekwa muma "enterprise drives" - uye pakumhanya ikoko, "trace geometry", kwete kungoratidzwa chete, ndiyo inosarudza kana "link" yacho ichishanda.

Matanho matatu ekugadzirisa anosarudza kubudirira. Differential pair inofanira kunge iine definitive impedance (kazhinji 100 ohm differential) yakaiswa ne trace width, spacing, uye dielectric thickness, ndosaka bhodhi risingagone kugadzirwa pasina fixed stackup. Zviratidzo zviviri zvepair yega yega zvinofanirwa kuenderana nehurefu kuitira kuti zviratidzo zvisvike pamwe chete, sezvo skew pakati pazvo inoderedza differential signal. Uye high-speed pairs dzinofanira kutaridzwa kune continuous ground plane uye dzinoendeswa kure nemotor-drive currents dzine ruzha, ndicho chikonzero chinoshanda chekuti mabhodhi aya aende multilayer. Kusvika pane impedance target zvinoenderana nemugadziri akabata geometry yakatarwa, musimboti wechero controlled-impedance build ; kuita zvisirizvo kunoratidzika se link errors kana drive inoenderera mberi kusvika pakumhanya kunonoka. Izvi zvirambidzo zvakafanana zvinotonga mamwe ma fast interfaces, saka discipline inochinjirwa zvakananga kune chero multilayer high-speed design.

6. Magadzirirwo anoitwa maPCB nemaPCBA eHighleap mukuchengetedza zvinhu

Highleap inogadzira mabhodhi ekuchengetedza nekubatanidza kugadzirwa kwe multilayer inodzorwa-impedance ne fine-pitch, X-ray-verified assembly — musanganiswa chaiwo unoda bhodhi reHDD-class. Kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwe multilayer PCB , stackup inovakwa kuti ichengetedze SATA differential impedance uku ichiparadzanisa ruzha rwemotor-drive kubva ku sensitive analog signals, ine surface finish yakasimba ye connector nenzvimbo dzekubatana.

Kudivi rekubatanidza, turnkey assembly inovhara kuwanikwa kwezvikamu kubva kumachaneli ane mvumo, kuiswa kweBGA zvakanaka, uye AOI pamwe neX-ray inspection kuitira kuti majoini econtroller akavanzika atariswe, kwete kufungidzira. Kune dhizaini itsva yekuchengetera kana dhizaini yedata, kusimbisa kuvaka nePCB yemuenzaniso inokurumidza kumhanya usati wayera kunodzivisa kutakura dambudziko remagadzirirwo muvhoriyamu. Paunokumbira mutengo, govera huwandu hwema layer, zvinangwa zve impedance zvema high-speed pairs, controller package, uye zvaunotarisira kuti mutengo uratidze bhodhi chaiyo.

7. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve PCB Yedhiraivha Yakakasharara

PCB iri kupi pa hard drive?

Inoiswa pasi pedhiraivha, inowanzo batwa nezvikuruu zvishoma, divi rechikamu chayo rakatarisa mukati rakananga kubhawa. Unoibvisa nekusunungura zvikuruu izvozvo wobvisa chinobatanidza chidiki chinoibatanidza nemota nemusoro.

Ko maSSD ane maPCB akafanana nema hard drive here?

Ehe, asi zvakasiyana. SSD iPCB ine controller, DRAM, uye NAND flash chips uye haina mota kana zvikamu zvinofamba, saka bhodhi rayo harina spindle kana actuator drive — kunyangwe ichiri kushandisa controlled-impedance high-speed routing kuti ishande.

Ndingawana sei PCB yemupi wedhiraivha yakaoma inoenderana nayo?

Bhodhi remupi we data harifanirwe kungoenderana nedhiraivha chete asi kazhinji kugadziriswa kwebhodhi uye nhamba yekodhi yebhodhi yakadhindwa paPCB. Kunyangwe zvakadaro ROM yebhodhi rekutanga kana flash chip inowanzo fanirwa kutamisirwa kune mupi we data, nekuti data rekugadzirisa data rakasiyana nedhiraivha yako.

PCB yedhisiki yakaoma inogona kugadziriswa here pachinzvimbo chekutsiviwa?

Dzimwe nguva — chinhu chakatsva chakadai seTVS diode kana trace yakakuvara chinogona kugadziriswa nenyanzvi, izvo zvinowanzo kuve zvakachengeteka pane donor swap nekuti inochengetedza magetsi ekutanga edhiraivha akagadziriswa. Kukuvadzwa kwetrace nepad kunogona kugadziriswa; controller yakakundikana kazhinji haigadziriswe.

Chii chinonzi chip iri paPCB yehard drive inochengeta firmware?

Ichi chip chidiki che serial flash kana ROM chine chikamu che firmware yedhiraivha uye adaptive calibration yayo. Nekuti adaptive idzodzo dzakafanana nedhiraivha chaiyo, ichi chip ndicho chikamu chinotamiswa nematekiniki ekugadzirisa data kana vachiisa bhodhi revanopa.

Sei PCB yangu yekunze ine USB-to-SATA chip?

Madhiraivha ekunze uye anotakurika anowedzera bridge chip inoshandura interface yeSATA yedhiraivha kuita USB. Kana dhiraivha yakadaro ikakundikana, bhiriji dzimwe nguva rinogona kudziviswa nekubatanidza dhiraivha isina chinhu zvakananga kuburikidza neSATA, inova danho rinowanzoitwa pakudzoreredza data.