Dhizaini yePCB Yekukurumidza Yekuburitswa Kwekugadzirwa

Kugara kuri kudiwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi yemhando yepamusoro mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, kubva kumagetsi evatengi kuenda kundege, kunoda kuvandudzwa kweanokurumidza uye akaomarara akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi (PCBs). Kuzadzisa izvi zvinodiwa zvepamberi, dhizaini yePCB inofanirwa kubatanidza compact uye nehungwaru hwepamusoro-kumhanya dhizaini misimboti. Ichi chinyorwa chinodonhedza mukati mekuomesesa kweyepamusoro-kumhanya PCB dhizaini, kugadzirisa nuances nematambudziko uchiongorora nzira dzakasiyana siyana kuona kuvimbika uye kushanda zvakanaka kwePCBs ako.

Peji rino nderekuburitswa kwekugadzirwa: stackup notes, impedance targets, fabrication tolerances, uye DFM checks. Kuti uwane nzira yekufambisa, ongorora differential pair routing ; kuti uwane matching theory and trace geometry, shandisa impedance matching uye Highleap's controlled impedance PCB capability peji.

Kunzwisisa High-Speed ​​Design

Usati wanyura mune zvakatsanangurwa zveyepamusoro-kumhanya PCB dhizaini, zvakakosha kutsanangura izvo zvinoratidzira dhizaini yekumhanya. Munzvimbo yemasekete, masaini pane yakakwira-kumhanya bhodhi shanduko pakumhanya uko kutendeseka kwechiratidzo kunogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya ne impedance uye mamwe ma paramita ebhodhi.

Kazhinji, kune masaini eRF uye mamwe ma-high-speed maapplication, kutendeseka kwechiratidzo kunogona kukanganisika kana uchishanda panenge pa50 MHz kana pamusoro. Mutemo unoshanda wechigunwe ndeyekutarisa chiratidzo se "yakakwira-kumhanya" kana nguva inotora kuti chiratidzo chifambe munzira kureba kupfuura nguva inotora kuti chiratidzo chishanduke kubva kumusoro kuenda pasi (kana kudzika kusvika kumusoro. )

Kugadzira yakakwira-kumhanya maPCB kunounza akati wandei matambudziko, anosanganisira:

1. Radiation EMI: Emanations ye electromagnetic interference (EMI) kubva kune transmitters, converters, magetsi emagetsi, uye zvimwe zvikamu.
2. EMI Absorption: Kubatwa neEMI kutorwa kubva kumabhodhi ari pedyo kana zvishandiso.
3. Signal Degradation: Inogona kukanganisa chiratidzo muzviitiko zvekusaenderana kusiyanisa mapeya, tambo refu dzekutumira, kana kusakwana kudzivirira.
4. Impedans Matching: Kuve nechokwadi chakakodzera impedance yekufananidza kudzivirira kutarisisa kumashure kune kwakabva.
5. Kuramba: Kuderedza kubatanidza kusingadiwe pakati pemakondakita akaganhurirwa, zvichikanganisa kupararira kwechiratidzo.
6. Parasitic Capacitance: Kuderedza parasitic capacitance inogona kuunganidza kana isina kunyatsotarisirwa.
7. Harmonic Kukanganisa: Kugadzirisa kukanganiswa kweharmonic kunogona kutungamira kune frequency inochinja inokanganisa kutapurirana uye kugamuchira masisitimu.
8. Common Mode Noise: Kubata neyakajairwa modhi ruzha runobva mukurasika capacitance pakati pematerminal.
9. Surface Tracking: Kudzivirira kutariswa kwepamusoro mune yakakwirira-voltage maapplication apo nzira iripo inogona kuoneka kuburikidza nekudzikisira insulation.

Pasinei nematambudziko aya, dhizaini yepamusoro-soro yePCB inogovera misimboti neyakajairwa PCB dhizaini, kusanganisira kufunga kwedhijitari, analogi, simba, uye yakasanganiswa-chiratidzo matekinoroji. Zvakare, kutevedzera dhizaini yekugadzira (DFM) mitemo inoramba yakakosha. Dhizaini yekumhanya-mhanya haifanire kuregeredza maitiro akakosha eyakajairwa PCB dhizaini asi kuti uvake paari kuti uwane mibairo yakakwana.

Kumisikidza Yako Yepamusoro-Speed ​​Layer Stackup

Imwe yeakakosha maficha eyepamusoro-kumhanya PCB dhizaini iri kumisikidza iyo stackup yekutsigira yakakwirira-kumhanya, RF microstrip, uye stripline routing. Yakafanira stackup gadziriso yakakosha pakuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika.

Heano maitiro akakosha ekumisikidza yako yepamusoro-yekumhanya layer stackup:

• Impedans Control: Shandisa iyo impedance Calculator paunenge uchironga iyo stackup kumisa inodzorwa trace wides kudzikisa impedance mutsauko.
• Reference Planes: Misa ndege dzereferenzi pamitsetse yakatarisana kuti ipe nzira yakagadzikana yekudzoka yezviratidzo uye chengetedza symmetry mune stackup.
• Kudyidzana nePCB Mugadziri: Bata pamwe nemugadziri wako wePCB pakutanga kwemaitiro ekugadzira kuti uite sarudzo dzine ruzivo maererano nemidziyo uye stackup. Ita shuwa kuti dielectric constants yakagadzikana kune yakakwira frequency, shandisa yakaderera-profile mhangura, uye shandisa solder masking kuti uderedze iyo dissipation factor.

Iyo yakanyatso kurongeka stackup ndiyo hwaro hwekuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika uye kuderedza EMI mune yakakwirira-kumhanya PCB.

Kugadzira Yepamusoro-Kumhanya kubva kuSchematic

Kunyange iyo schematic ichiwanzo kutariswa kushomeka mukumhanya-kumhanya PCB dhizaini, inoita basa rakakosha mukuburitsa dhizaini chinangwa uye kuve nechokwadi chakabudirira marongero. Chirongwa chakanyorwa zvakanaka chinogonesa kurongeka kwakapfava uye kunosimudzira kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwekushanda kwedunhu.

Heano nhungamiro yekugadzira yakakwira-kumhanya maPCB kubva kune schematic maonero:

• Kuyerera Kunonzwisisika: Shandisa mapepa akawanda sezvinodiwa kuronga uye kugovera dunhu zvine musoro, kuve nechokwadi chekuyerera kwakajeka kwezvikamu.
• Signal Paths: Tsanangura zvakajeka nzira dzechiratidzo, kusanganisira nzvimbo yezvikamu zvakakosha, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza, ruzivo rwekufambisa kune vakasiyana-siyana, uye zvipingamupinyi zvekutsvaga kureba uye mitsara inodzorwa.

Chirongwa chakarongeka uye chinodzidzisa chinoisa nhanho yekubudirira kwepamusoro-kumhanya PCB dhizaini nekutaurirana dhizaini chinangwa zvinobudirira.

Kugadzira Bhodhi Rako

Munyika yanhasi yemagadzirirwo emagetsi anomhanyisa, kuisa bhodhi rako rakadhindwa redunhu (PCB) haisisiri nzira yekuregerera kune masaini anononoka. High-speed madhizaini anoda kutarisisa kurongeka uye marongero kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika uye kuita. Muchikamu chino, isu tichaongorora zvakakosha kufunga uye akanakisa maitiro ekuisa yako yepamusoro-kumhanya PCB.

Kunamatira PCB Dhizaini Zviito

Usati wanyura mune zvakatsanangurwa zveyepamusoro-kumhanya dhizaini, zvakakosha kusimbisa kukosha kwekuomerera kune yakakosha PCB dhizaini maitiro, kusanganisira dhizaini yekugadzira (DFM) uye dhizaini yebvunzo (DFT) nheyo. Aya misimboti anovimbisa kuti PCB yako inogona kugadzirwa uye kuyedzwa zvakavimbika. High-speed dhizaini inofanira kuvakira pamusoro peaya ekutanga maitiro pane kuafuratira.

Kuparadzaniswa kweAnalog uye Digital Circuitry

High-speed PCB marongero anowanzo sanganisira musanganiswa weanalogi uye dhijitari wedunhu. Analog circuitry inoshanda pane inoenderera voltage renji uye inonyanya kunzwa ruzha uye kukanganisa. Kuti uchengetedze kutendeseka kwechiratidzo, zvakakosha kuparadzanisa analogi uye madhijitari zvinobudirira.

Funga mazano anotevera ekuparadzanisa analog uye digital circuitry:

• Functional Grouping: Zvikamu zveboka nebasa razvo, kupatsanura analogi uye zvikamu zvedhijitari kudzivirira kupindirana.
• Kuiswa kweNoisy Components: Isa zvinhu zvine ruzha, zvakaita seAnalog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), pakati pebhodhi kuti uderedze maitiro azvo pamaseketi anonzwisisika analog.
• Kusefa Techniques: Shandisa maitiro ekusefa anoshanda, kunyanya kana uchibata nemabhodhi ane zvinokurumidza kushandura zvikamu, kuderedza kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi (EMI).

Aya marongero anobatsira kuona kuti analog uye masaini edhijitari haakanganise mumwe nemumwe, kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika uye kuderedza kuderera kwekuita.

Component Placement uye Trace Length Optimization

High-speed PCBs inowanzoda chaiyo chikamu chekuiswa uye yakagadziridzwa kureba kwekudzikisa kudzikisa kunonoka kuparadzira chiratidzo. Kuiswa kwechikamu kwakafanira kunoderedza chinhambwe icho masaini anomhanya-mhanya anofanirwa kufamba, zvichisimudzira kutendeseka kwechiratidzo.

Funga zvinotevera zvinongedzo zvekuiswa kwechikamu uye kutsvaga kureba optimization:

• Schematic Guidance: Tarisa kune dhizaini yekuona mambure akakosha, semaki pachirongwa. Isa pamberi pekubatanidza kwakananga kune aya masaini akakosha.
• Tuning Trace Lengths: Govera nzvimbo yekumisikidza yakayerwa kureba kuti uwane hunhu chaihwo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti nguva dzekuparadzira chiratidzo dzinoenderana.
• Signal Type Grouping: Zvikamu zveboka zvichibva pamhando dzechiratidzo chavo, kufambisa nzira inobudirira uye kuderedza kureba kwenzira yechiratidzo.
• Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kweRadiating Elements: Isolate inopenya zvinhu, senge antennas, kudzivirira kukanganisa nezvimwe zvikamu uye chiratidzo chechiratidzo.

Aya maitiro anobatsira kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwechiratidzo uye kuderedza njodzi yekuderedzwa kwechiratidzo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti masaini ekumhanya-mhanya anopararira sezvakarongwa.

Crosstalk Mitigation

Crosstalk, iyo inoreva kusingadiwe magetsi ekubatanidza pakati pepedyo masaini maratidziro, chinhu chakakosha kunetseka mukumhanya-kumhanya PCB marongero. Inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwechiratidzo uye kukanganisa kutendeseka kwechiratidzo.

Kuti uderedze crosstalk, funga zvinotevera matekiniki:

• Yakakwana Component Spacing: Iva nechokwadi chekupanana kwakakwana pakati pezvikamu, kunyanya kana mitsetse yechiratidzo chepamusoro-soro iri pedyo. Nzvimbo yakakwana inobatsira kuderedza inductive uye capacitive coupling.
• Maitiro ekufunga: Teerera maitiro ekufambisa, kuve nechokwadi chekuti masaini echiratidzo haayambuka ndege dzakapatsanuka. Routing parallel high-speed signal mitsara ine nzvimbo yakakwana inobatsira kudzivirira crosstalk.
• Thermal Management: Pakumhanya kwepamusoro kwekuchinja, nyaya dzekupisa dzinowedzera kuwanda. Shandisai nzira dzekutonhodza dzinoshanda dzezvikamu zvinonyanya kupisa.

Nekushandisa matekiniki aya, unogona kuderedza crosstalk uye kuchengetedza kutendeseka kweakakwira-kumhanya masaini paPCB yako.

Saizi Yekutarisisa kune Consumer Devices

Zvishandiso zvevatengi, senge nharembozha uye maIoT zvishandiso, zvinowanzove zvakaomesesa saizi zvinomanikidza. Paunenge uchigadzira maPCB eiyi compact madivayiri ane yakakwirira-kumhanya wedunhu, kunyatsoronga kuronga kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti kusarudzika kusingakanganisi kutendeka kwechiratidzo.

Funga nezvemazano anotevera ekugadzira yakakwira-kumhanya maPCB mumakompakiti evatengi zvishandiso:

• Trace Width Calculation: Verengai inodiwa yekutevera hupamhi pachine nguva kuti uone kuti mitsara yechiratidzo inosangana nezvinodiwa zve impedance ichikwana mukati mebhodhi nzvimbo shoma.
• Kupanana Pakati Pezvikamu: Wedzera imwe nzvimbo pakati pezvikamu kuti uderedze crosstalk, kunyangwe mune compact dhizaini.

Kuenzanisa saizi yezvipingamupinyi zvezvishandiso zvevatengi pamwe nekudiwa kwekuita kwepamusoro-soro kunoda kuronga zvine hungwaru uye kutarisisa kweyekuteedzera zviyero uye kuiswa kwechikamu.

Simba uye Ground Layout

Kurongeka kwesimba uye zvikwangwani zvepasi zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuvimbika kwepamusoro-kumhanya PCB magadzirirwo. Zvikamu zvinoda kugadzika magetsi kugovaniswa zvinofanirwa kuiswa zvine hungwaru, uye kungwarira kunofanirwa kutorwa kuti kuderedze kubhuroka kwepasi uye maspikes emagetsi.

Heano makuru ekufunga nezvesimba uye pasi dhizaini mune yakakwirira-kumhanya dhizaini:

• Bypass Capacitors: Isai bypass capacitor padhuze nepini dzekugovera dzemagetsi makuru-anopedza Integrated Circuits (ICs). Kuswedera uku kunoderedza kukanganiswa kwepasi bounce uye simba spikes.
• Inoenderera Ground Ndege: Ita shuwa kuti mitsara yekumhanyisa-yekumhanyisa haifambisi kupatsanurwa musimba uye ndege dzepasi. Kuchengetedza inoenderera pasi pasi kwakakosha pakupa nzira yakavimbika yekudzoka kwezviratidzo.

Simba rinoshanda uye dhizaini yepasi yakakosha kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika uye kuderedza ruzha mumaPCB anomhanya.

Kazhinji, kugona hunyanzvi hwekuronga PCB nekukurumidza kunosanganisira kuronga nokungwarira, kutevedzera maitiro akanakisa, uye kunzwisisa kwakadzama matambudziko akasiyana anokonzerwa nemagadzirirwo ekumhanya kukuru. Nekupatsanura macircuitry e analog ne digital, kugadzirisa nzvimbo yezvikamu uye kureba kwetrace, kuderedza crosstalk, kufunga nezvezvirambidzo zvehukuru mumidziyo yevatengi, uye kushandisa dhizaini yakasimba yesimba nepasi, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye kushanda kwemaPCB ako ekumhanya kukuru. Dhizaini yekumhanya kukuru inzvimbo iri kuchinja, uye kuramba uchishanda nematekinoroji matsva uye nzira dzekugadzira kwakakosha kuti uwane kugona mumagetsi ekumhanya kukuru.

Routing yeHigh-Speed ​​Signals

Kufambisa masaini ekumhanya kwakanyanya kunoda kunyatsorongeka uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvakasimba. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda pakufambisa masaini ekumhanya kukuru, zvinosanganisira kufananidza masaini ekureba, kudzora impedance , uye kuderedza mwaranzi yeEMI.

Chimbofunga zvinotevera zvinongedzo zvekufambisa masaini ekumhanya-mhanya:

• Akaparadzana Signal Types: Rongedza mhando dzemasaini akasiyana pane akaturikidzana kuti uwedzere nzvimbo pakati pezvikwambo uchichengeta hurefu hwekuronda hupfupi sezvinobvira.
• Differential Pairs: Chengetedza mapeji akasiyana mukati mekushivirira kwavo kwakatarwa kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika.
• EMI Mitigation: Deresa EMI mwaranzi nekuchengeta yakakwira-kumhanya zviteshi zvipfupi uye kure kubva kune mamwe maitiro. Ipai ndege yepasi yakakwana yenzira dzekudzoka kwechiratidzo.
• Impedans Control: Ita shuwa kuti ma trace haawane shanduko mu impedance inokonzerwa nekusiyana kwetrace wide, vias, kana stubs.
• Crosstalk Reduction: Dzivirira crosstalk nekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakakwana pakati pekumhanya-mhanya uye kudzivirira kureba kwakafanana.
• Trace Tuning: Shandisa maturusi ekufambisa epamusoro kugadzirisa kureba, kusanganisira nzira yenyoka pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, kuti uwane hurefu hwechinangwa.

Yepamberi PCB dhizaini software, senge OrCAD PCB Dhizaini, inopa akakosha maficha uye dhizaini dhizaini cheki (DRCs) kubatsira mune chaiyo uye inoteedzera nzira yemasaini ekumhanya-pamusoro.

Kushandisa PCB Dhizaini Zvishandiso

Kugadzira maPCB anomhanya-mhanya kunogona kuve basa rakaoma uye rakaoma, rinoda kushandiswa kwepamusoro PCB dhizaini software. Zvishandiso zvakaita seOrCAD PCB Dhizaini inopa yakazara sutu yezvimiro kutsigira yakakwirira-kumhanya dhizaini, kusanganisira yekuenzanisa uye yekuongorora kugona kuenzanisira uye kukwidziridza kuita kwedunhu.

Shandisa PCB maturusi ekugadzira ku:

• Model uye ongorora maseketi pamberi dhizaini kuona uye kugadzirisa zvinogona kuitika.
• Nzira dzekusiyanisa pairi, kureba kwekuenzanisa, uye gadzira yakakwirira-kumhanya topology.
• Ita macheki emitemo kuti uve nechokwadi chekutevedzera mirairo yekugadzira.
• Simulate magetsi ekugovera network (PDN) uye thermal profiles.
• Simbisa dhizaini kuburikidza nekuenzanisa uye kuyedzwa.

Nerubatsiro rwePCB dhizaini maturusi, unogona kukwenenzvera yakakwirira-kumhanya PCB dhizaini maitiro uye kuwana yakavimbika uye inoshanda mhedzisiro.

mhedziso

Kubata yakakwira-kumhanya PCB dhizaini kwakakosha pakuzadzisa izvo zviri kukura zvezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvepamberi mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Nekunzwisisa iwo nuances epamusoro-kumhanya dhizaini uye kuomerera kune akanakisa maitiro, anosanganisira akangwarira layer stackup kumisikidza, schematic kujeka, chaiyo marongero, uye nzira yekuvimbika kwechiratidzo, vagadziri vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye kushanda kwePCBs yavo inomhanya.

Uyezve, kushandiswa kwePCB yekugadzira maturusi epamusoro kunopa vagadziri simba rekuenzanisira, kutevedzera, uye kusimbisa magadzirirwo avo, zvinozotungamira kune akabudirira ekumhanya-mhanya maPCB anosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemagetsi emazuva ano. High-speed PCB dhizaini inzvimbo ine simba inoramba ichishanduka neinofambira mberi tekinoroji, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuti vagadziri vagare varipo uye vachijairira kumatambudziko matsva nemikana mukutsvaga kugona mumagetsi ekumhanya.

Mainjiniya vanowanzo simbisa nyaya iyi pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwePCB yelaminate ine low-loss uye AlN nealumina PCB pavanenge vachigadzira PCB kana PCBA yakavimbika.