Kuronga Kwepakati Pakusiyana kweKurongwa kwePCB Yekukurumidza

ziviso

Yakasiyana pairing routing inomiririra nzira yakakosha mukumhanyisa PCB dhizaini dhizaini, uchishandisa maviri anopindirana masaini maratidziro kuendesa data uchichengetedza yepamusoro kusadzivirirwa kweruzha uye chiratidzo chekuvimbika. Mune masisitimu emazuva ano emagetsi, mapeya akasiyana akakosha kune yakakwira-kumhanya nzvimbo dzinosanganisira USB 3.x, PCIe, HDMI, Ethernet, DDR memory, uye SerDes application.

Kurongeka kwakakodzera kwe differential pair kunokanganisa zvakananga signal integrity (SI) uye electromagnetic interference (EMI) control, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira PCB ine kumhanya kwakanyanya uko data rates inodarika 100 MHz uye edge rates inowedzera kuva nehasha.

Zvinokosha zveDifferential Pair Routing

Chii Chinonzi Differential Pairs?

Mapaya akasiyana ane maviri masaini anoteedzera anotakura anopindirana-imwe yakanaka uye imwe isina kunaka-anoshanda pamwechete kufambisa chiratidzo chimwe chete chine musoro. Dunhu rinogashira rinodudzira musiyano wevoltage pakati pezvitsva zviviri izvi kwete mhedziso yevoltage yeimwe trace inoenderana nepasi.

Iyi nzira yekusaina yekusiyanisa inopa kusadzivirirwa kune yakajairwa-modhi ruzha, magetsi ekupa mutsauko, uye electromagnetic kupindira iyo yaizokanganisa zvakaenzana matanho ese.

Nei Akasiyana Pairi Akakosha muKumhanya Kwepamusoro PCB Kurongeka

Mukushandiswa kwebhodhi remaseketi rinomhanya zvakanyanya , ma "differential pairs" ane mabhenefiti akati wandei pane "single-end signaling". Anopa kudzivirirwa kweruzha nekuramba kupindira kwe "common-mode", anoderedza kuburitswa kwemagetsi kuburikidza nekuyerera kwemagetsi kwakaringana, uye anogonesa mwero wedata wakakwira nekuvandudzika kwechiratidzo.

Iyo yakasarudzika hunhu inobvumira kudzika kwemagetsi kushanduka uku uchichengetedza ruzha rwakakwana, zvichibatsira mukudzikiswa kwesimba rekushandisa uye nekuvandudza kuvimbika kwehurongwa.

Makiyi Dhizaini Mafungidziro eKusiyana Pair Routing

Trace Spacing uye Coupling

Kupatsanurwa pakati peanosiyanisa peya anoteedzera inotaridza kusimba kwekubatanidza uye mutsauko we impedance maitiro. Mutemo unogamuchirwa zvakanyanya we3W unoratidza kuchengetedza nzvimbo shoma yakapetwa katatu yehupamhi hwekutsvagisa pakati pezviviri zvakasiyana uye masaini ari padyo kuti uderedze crosstalk. Nekudaro, mukati meiyo misiyano pairi pachayo, kubatana kwakasimba kunodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuparidzirwa kwakaringana uye kukwidziridzwa kwakajairika-modhi yekuramba ruzha.

Peji rino ndiro gwara rekutungamira masaini akasiyana. Kuti uwane zvinyorwa zvekuburitswa kwekugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa, shandisa dhizaini yePCB inokurumidza kugadzirwa ; kuti uwane dzidziso yeimpedance uye kufananidza kunoshanda, verenga kufananidza impedance mukugadzirwa kwePCB inokurumidza ; kuti uwane ongororo yakafara, tanga neongororo yePCB inokurumidza.

Intrapair spacing inowanzobva pa 0.1mm kusvika 0.2mm, zvichienderana nekunangwa kwakasiyana impedance uye zvipingamupinyi zve stackup. Kubatana kwepakati kunowedzera kubatanidza asi kunogona kuunza matambudziko ekugadzira, nepo nzvimbo yakawandisa ichideredza kushanda kwekubatanidza uye inowedzera kukanganiswa kwekunze.

Impedans Control

Kudzora kweimpedance yekuchinjana kunoda manejimendi chaiyo ye trace geometry, dhizaini ye stackup, uye sarudzo yePCB yezvinhu zvinomhanya zvakanyanya . Impedance dzekuchinjana dzinotangira pa85Ω kusvika pa100Ω, uye 90Ω dziri standard kune akawanda ma high-speed interfaces. Kuverenga kweimpedance yekuchinjana kunosanganisira upamhi hwetrace, nzvimbo, ukobvu hwe dielectric, uye relative permittivity yezvinhu zve substrate.

Kudzora impedance yemazuva ano mumaPCB anomhanya zvakanyanya kunoda kuronga kwakanyatsogadzirwa kwe stackup nehukuru hwe dielectric hwakadzorwa uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu. Zvinhu zve dielectric zvinorasikirwa zvishoma zvine ma dielectric constants akagadzikana mu frequency ranges zvakakosha pakuchengetedza hunhu hwe impedance hwakafanana mu bandwidth yesignal.

Length Matching

Kureba kuenzanirana kunovimbisa kurongeka kwechinguvana kweakasiyana masaini maviri, kudzivirira skew-induced chiratidzo kuderedzwa. Kureba kunogamuchirika kusapindirana kushivirira kunoenderana nekusimuka kwechiratidzo nguva uye masisitimu ekugadzirisa nguva, kazhinji kubva ku ± 5 miriyoni yehukasha yekumhanya-mhanya dhizaini kusvika ± 10 miriyoni kune mamwe maapplication akasununguka.

Kunyatsoenderana kureba kunoda hunyanzvi hwekuita nzira dzinosanganisira nyoka tuning zvikamu, zviri nani zviri kure nemasekete anonzwisa analog kuti uderedze crosstalk. Iyo tuning zvikamu zvinofanirwa kuchengetedza mutsauko impedance maitiro uchiwana inodiwa kureba kugadzirisa.

Kuburikidza Nekushandiswa muMaviri Akasiyana

Vias suma impedance discontinuities uye parasitic mhedzisiro inogona kukanganisa chiratidzo chekuvimbika mukusiyana kwepairi nzira. Imwe neimwe kuburikidza inopa capacitive kurodha uye inductive parasitic zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuparadzira chiratidzo uye impedance yekufananidza. Kuderedza kuburikidza nekuverenga kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekuronga uye kushandisa mapofu kana kuvigwa nzira pazvinenge zvichidikanwa kunobatsira kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika.

Kana vias zvisingadzivisiki, kushandisa kuburikidza nekusona matekiniki uye kuchengetedza symmetric kuburikidza nekuisa kune ese matrack ari maviri emusiyano peya inobatsira kuchengetedza chiyero chechiratidzo uye kuderedza kutendeuka kwemodhi pakati pekusiyanisa neakajairika modes.

Mhedzisiro yeKusiyana Pair Routing paSI uye EMI

Kuvandudza Chiratidzo Chekuvimbika

Yakakodzera musiyano pairi nzira inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza yakakwirira chiratidzo chemhando. Iyo yakaenzana dhizaini yekusiyanisa kusaina inoderedza zvakajairwa nyaya senge kuratidza, crosstalk, uye nguva skew, nepo ichipa zvirinani kusadzivirirwa kweruzha kana zvichienzaniswa nemasaini-apera masaini.

• Noise immunity: Zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvinoramba ruzha rwekupa magetsi uye kubhururuka kwepasi.
• Kudzorwa impedance: Kubatana kwakasimba kunobatsira kuchengetedza kusagadzikana uye kunoderedza kukanganisa.
• Lower skew: Kuenzana-kureba nzira kunoderedza nguva kusawirirana pakati pezviratidzo.
• Kupokana neSSN: Vaviri vakasiyana vanoita zvakanaka vachipesana neruzha rwekuchinja panguva imwe chete uye system-level kukanganisa.

Muchidimbu, mapeji akanyatsogadzirwa akasiyana anovimbisa kufanotaura, kukanganisa-kusina kutapurirana, izvo zvakakosha kune yakavimbika-yekumhanya masisitimu.

Kuderedza Electromagnetic Interference

Yakaenzana mutsauko pairi zvakare inobatsira kudzikisa EMI, seyakaenzana uye yakatarisana mafungu mune yega yega nhanho kudzima minda yemagetsi. Iyi dhizaini nzira yakakosha pakuwana yakasimba EMC kuteedzera mune yakakwirira-kumhanya PCBs.

• Kudzima nzvimbo: Kuyerera kwazvino kunopesana kunodzikisa kuburitswa kweradiated uye kunoitwa.
• Dhizaini yendege yepasi: Kuenderera mberi pasi pasi pezviviri zvakasiyana zvinopa nzira yakagadzikana yekudzoka.
• Kunzvenga kupatsanurwa: Dzivirira kufamba nepakati nepakati pandege kuti uderedze masosi asingatarisirwe emwaranzi.
• Inofanotaurwa EMC maitiro: Kutungamira nzira yekudzoka kwakaringana kunoderedza kuburitswa kusingatarisirwe.

Muchidimbu, kupatsanura vaviri nzira haingodzikisi kuburitswa kwemagetsi asi zvakare inovimbisa kutevedza zvinodiwa neEMC zvemagetsi emazuva ano.

Maitiro Akanyanya Kusiyanisa Pair Routing

Kuita kusiyana kwepairi nzira zvinobudirira kunoda kutevedzera yakarongwa seti yemisimboti:

1. Ronga Pakare Panguva yeFloorplanning

• Tsanangura mikoridho yenzira dzemapeya akasiyana pakutanga kwegadziriro.
• Chengetedza mapeya ari kure nenzvimbo dzine ruzha senge tambo dzewachi kana nzvimbo dzekuchinja magetsi.

2. Chengetedza Inopindirana Trace Geometry

• Shandisa yunifomu yekutsvaga hupamhi uye spacing kudzora impedance.
• Ita shuwa kuti parallelism uye yakasimba coupling kuchengetedza chiratidzo chiyero.

3. Shandisa Gentle Routing Transitions

• Dzivisa kukotama kwakapinza; shandisa yakatsetseka radius curves pachinzvimbo.
• Kana shanduko dzichidikanwa, shandisa symmetrical gadziriso kune ese maronda kuti uderedze kutendeuka kwemodhi.

4.Chengetedza Return Return Path Kuenderera mberi

• Chengetedza mapeya akasiyana pane imwe ndege yepasi yakasimba.
• Dzivisa kuyambuka kupatsanurwa kwendege, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa impedance uye kuwedzera EMI.

5. Optimize Layer uye Via Usage

• Sarudza maseru ane fungidziro impedance yemapaya akasiyana.
• Shandisa vias zvishoma uye mune symmetrical pairs kuderedza parasitic mhedzisiro.

Nekutevera mutsara dhizaini dhizaini - hurongwa, chengetedza geometry, nzira mushe, chengetedza nzira dzekudzoka, uye optimize stackup - iwe unova nechokwadi ese ari maviri chiratidzo kutendeseka (SI) uye electromagnetic kuenderana (EMC) mukumhanya PCB dhizaini.

Zvakajairika Kukanganisa uye Nzira Yokunzvenga Nadzo

Kunyange zvakarongwa zvakarongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvigadziriso zvinogona kukundikana kana zvipingamupinyi zvakajairika zvikafuratirwa. Iwo anotevera kukanganisa ndiwo akanyanya kukosha kudzivirira mukumhanyisa PCB dhizaini:

1. Kureba Kusaenderana

• Kukanganisa: Mapaya akasiyana ane hurefu hwakasiyana kupfuura kushivirira kwehurongwa anosuma nguva skew uye kushatisa chiratidzo chemhando.
• Solution: Nyorera hurefu chaihwo hwekufananidza uchishandisa nyoka dzinoteedzera kana tuning zvimiro kuenzanisa kunonoka kuparadzira.

2. Zvisingaenderani Trace Geometry

• Kukanganisa: Kusiyana kwepakati kana hupamhi kushandura mutsauko impedance uye kushungurudza chiratidzo chechiyero.
• Solution: Chengetedza kuronda hupamhi uye yunifomu yepakati munzira yese yenzira kuti uchengetedze kusagadzikana.

3. Kuyambuka Plane Splits

• Kukanganisa: Kutenderera nendege dzakapatsanurwa dzinokanganisa kudzoka, kugadzira impedance discontinuities uye EMI njodzi.
• Solution: Ronga iyo stackup nekuchenjerera uye chengetedza inoenderera ndege dzekutarisa pasi pese mutsauko.

4. Yakawandisa Via Kushandisa

• Kukanganisa: Multiple vias anowedzera parasitic inductance uye kuramba, izvo zvinoderedza kukwirira-kumhanya kuita.
• Solution: Deredzai kuburikidza nekuverenga nekugadzirisa dhizaini shanduko uye, pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, shandisa symmetrical kuburikidza nevaviri kuchengetedza chiyero.

Nekuziva uye nekudzivisa zvikanganiso izvi zvina — kureba kusingaenderane, jometri isingawirirani, kupatsanurwa kwendege, uye yakawandisa vias-vagadziri vanogona kuona kuti mutsauko wenzira inoburitsa yakavimbika chiratidzo chekuvimbika (SI) uye yakasimba yemagetsi inoenderana (EMC).

Nyaya Muenzaniso: Yakasiyana Pair Dhizaini mu USB 3.0 uye PCIe

USB 3.0 SuperSpeed ​​akasiyana pairi inoda 90Ω ± 10% mutsauko impedance nehurefu hunoenderana mukati me ± 5 miriyoni. Iwo akakwira data mareti (5 Gbps) inoda kutarisisa kuronda geometry, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, uye kuburikidza nekugadzirisa. Strategic routing inochengetedza kutendeseka kwechiratidzo uku ichigashira yakaomesesa yekubatanidza nzvimbo inowanzoitika mukushandisa kwe USB.

Mashandisirwo ePCIe ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya nedata rates inosvika 32 Gbps muGen5 implementations. Kukwanisa kuenderana nehurefu kunosimba kusvika ±2 mil kana kupfuura, uye kuburikidza ne optimization kunova kwakakosha kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwesignal mumigwagwa yakawanda. Tekinoroji dzemhando yepamusoro dze simulation uye modelling dzinosimbisa mashandiro edhizaini usati wagadzira PCB nekukurumidza kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa zvinoenderana.

mhedziso

Yakasiyana nzira mbiri mukumhanya kukuru PCB dhizaini inopfuura kungoita dhizaini - chirango chinotaridza kuti sisitimu inochengetedza sei kutendeseka kwechiratidzo uye inodzora kukanganiswa kwemagetsi. Kuwana budiriro kunoenderana nekunyatsotarisisa kuzvinhu zvakaita sekutsvaga nzvimbo, impedance kuenderana, kureba kwekuenzanisa, uye kungwarira kuburikidza nekushandisa.

Kana yaitwa nemazvo, dhizaini yekusiyanisa inoburitsa mabhenefiti anobatika: yakasimba ruzha kusadzivirirwa, kuderera kweEMI kuburitsa, uye yakavimbika chiratidzo chekuita mune yanhasi yepamusoro-kumhanya, yakakwirira-density application.

Highleap Electronics inopa yakazara yekumhanyisa PCB dhizaini uye kugona kugadzira kunosanganisira:

• Yepamberi impedance kudzora uye kusiyanisa vaviri nzira optimization
• Kunyatsoenderana kwehurefu uye kuongororwa kwekuvimbika kwechiratidzo
• Yakaderera-kurasikirwa kwezvinhu kusarudzwa uye stackup dhizaini
• Via optimization uye advanced drilling matekinoroji
• Kuongororwa kwakadzama uye kuvimbiswa kwemhando yepamusoro-kumhanya maapplication
• EMI/EMC kutevedzera kusimbiswa uye dhizaini rutsigiro

Chikwata chedu chine ruzivo rwekugadzira zvinhu chinoshanda pamwe chete nevatengi kuti vagadzirise nzira dzekuchinjisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa uku vachichengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari. Kana muchitsvaga rutsigiro rwePCB rwakavimbika uye rutsigiro rwekugadzira, taurai nesu nhasi kuti mukurukure nezveprojekiti yenyu uye kuti tione kuti tingabatsira sei kuunza dhizaini yenyu mukugadzirwa nechivimbo.

FAQ

1. Chii chakanakira impedance yekusiyanisa nzira mbiri?

Iyo yakanakira mutsauko impedance inoenderana neiyo chaiyo application uye interface standard. Zvinangwa zvakajairika zvinosanganisira 90Ω ye USB 3.x uye akawanda maSerDes maapplication, 100Ω yeEthernet, uye 85Ω kune mamwe maDDR ekushandisa. Chinokosha kuchengetedza kuenderana uye kusangana neinongedzo yechinangwa mukati mekushivirira kwakatsanangurwa, kazhinji ± 10%.

2. Kusapindirana kwehurefu kwakadii kunogamuchirwa mumaviri akasiyana?

Inogamuchirwa kureba kusawirirana kunosiyana nekumhanya kwechiratidzo uye zvinodiwa nehurongwa. Pakushandisa zviri pakati nepakati (< 1 GHz), ± 10 miriyoni inogona kugamuchirwa. Madhizaini ekumhanya kwepamusoro anowanzoda ± 5 mil kana kuomarara, nepo akanyanya-kumhanya maapplication (> 10 Gbps) anogona kuda ± 2 mil kana kuenzanisa zvirinani kuchengetedza nguva yekutendeseka.

3. Vaviri vaviri vanogona kuyambuka ndege dzakapatsanurwa muPCB marongero here?

Vaviri vakasiyana vanofanirwa kudzivirira kuyambuka ndege dzakapatsanuka pese pazvinogoneka, sezvo izvi zvichigadzira nzira yekudzoka discontinuities uye impedance mutsauko. Kana zvisingadzivisiki, kusona capacitors pedyo nekuyambuka kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza kudzoka ikozvino kuenderera mberi, kunyange nzira iyi inoda kunyatsoongorora uye inowedzera chikamu chemari.

4. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakanakira differential pair routing mukumhanya PCB?

Zvinhu zve dielectric zvinorasikirwa zvishoma zvine ma dielectric constants akagadzikana zvinofarirwa pa high-speed differential pairs. Zvinhu zvakaita se specialty low-loss laminate series, Isola I-Speed, kana equivalent low-loss laminate low-Dk/low-loss laminates zvinopa kushanda kwakanaka kwazvo kwe high-frequency. Sarudzo yezvinhu chaiyo inoenderana nehuwandu hwe frequency, bhajeti rekurasikirwa, uye kutarisirwa kwemari yekushandisa.