Yakadzama Yakadzama yeKiyibhodhi PCB Technology

ziviso

MaPCB zvinhu zvakakosha mumidziyo yese yemagetsi kiibhodhi, kubva kumakombuta kiibhodhi kusvika kune zviridzwa. Ivo vanopa hwaro hwekukwira uye kubatanidza akasiyana switch, masensa, controller uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoumba iyo keyboard system. Iyo PCB inoturikira makiyi emushandisi mumasaini anopindirana ekuisa kune yakabatana mudziyo.

Ichi chinyorwa chinopa tarisiro yakazara yeakasiyana maficha ekhibhodi PCB tekinoroji. Iyo inovhara marudzi akasiyana ekhibhodi PCBs, yakakosha dhizaini kufunga, nzira dzekugadzira, sarudzo dzezvinhu uye zvikamu zvinosanganisirwa mukuvaka akavimbika uye anoshanda keyboard maPCB akagadzirirwa chaiwo maapplication. Chinangwa ndechekushongedza mainjiniya edhizaini neruzivo rwakadzama kuti vabatanidze tekinoroji yePCB tekinoroji muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.

Chii chinonzi Keyboard PCB?

A keyboard PCB inoreva yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi gungano rinoshanda sehwaro hwemagetsi kiibhodhi mudziyo. Iyo PCB dzimba uye inobatanidza ese ma switch, sensors, microcontrollers, majoini uye zvimwe zvinoshanda / passive zvikamu zvinogadzira iyo keyboard system.

Kana mushandisi akadzvanya kiyi pane kiyibhodhi, inomhanyisa switch inoenderana yakaiswa paPCB pazasi. Uku kuvharwa kweswichi kunoonekwa neiyo keyboard's control electronics uye inoshandurwa kuita masaini akakodzera ekupinza ayo anotaurirwa kune yakabatana host system iyo keyboard inosanganisirwa nayo.

Keyboard PCBs akagadzirwa muhukuru hwakasiyana-siyana uye marongero zvichienderana nerudzi rwekibhodhi application uye fomu zvinhu zvinodiwa. Yakazara-saizi komputa kiibhodhi maPCB anogara anopfuura zana makiyi nepo compact mobile keyboard PCBs inogona kunge iine asingasviki makumi mana makiyi mudiki tsoka.

Keyboard PCB Paramenters

Mhando dzeKibhodhi PCBs

Kune akati wandei marudzi ekhibhodi maPCB akagadzirirwa akasiyana maapplication:

Mechanical Keyboard PCB - Inoshandiswa mumakiyibhodhi emakanika anoshandisa switch yega yega yekiyi pane rabha dome membranes. Izvi zvinobvumira mhando dzeswitch dzakagadzirwa kuti dzishandiswe pakuwedzera mhinduro yekubata.

PCB yeKiyibhodhi yeMitambo - Yakagadzirirwa mitambo ine zvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo dzeRGB backlighting dzinogadziriswa, makiyi macro uye matrices ekuchinjana magiya.

Laptop Keyboard PCB - Yakasimba, yakatetepa uye yakagadzirwa kuti ishandiswe mukati memakombiyuta elaptop nelaptop.

Ergonomic Keyboard PCB - Magadzirirwo akagadzirwa neErgonomic kuti zvigoneke kuisa ruoko rwechisikigo uye kufamba kwekunyora kuderedza kuneta.

PCB yeKiibhodhi Inochinjika - Yakagadzirwa pamidziyo mitete, inochinjika inobvumira kiibhodhi kutenderedzwa/kukotamiswa zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kunotakurika.

Wireless Keyboard PCB - Isa kubatana kusina waya senge Bluetooth kuti ubatanidzwe nemidziyo yekugamuchira isina waya chaiyo.

Kiyibhodhi yeNhamba PCB - Inosanganisira chikamu chekiyibhodhi yenhamba chete yezvirongwa zvemari/POS zvinoda kuiswa kwedata renhamba.

Multimedia Keyboard PCB - Ine makiyi akagadzirirwa kudzora mashandisirwo emultimedia, akadai sekutamba/kumbomira, kudzora vhoriyamu nezvimwewo.

Sarudzo inotsamira pane fomu factor, kushanda, interface uye kushandiswa nharaunda zvinodiwa.

Dhizaini Mafungiro eKibhodhi PCBs

Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kutariswa paunenge uchigadzira yakakwana keyboard PCB:

• Saizi uye Magadzirirwo - Iyo keyboard saizi uye kiyi dhizaini inofanirwa kuenderana ergonomic, fomu factor uye application zvinodiwa.
• Shandura Rudzi -Iyo yerudyi yemuchina chinja mhando inopa inodiwa tactile mhinduro, yekumanikidza mbiri uye inonzwika kudzvanya inofanirwa kusarudzwa.
• Chinja Matrix Layout -Optimal switch matrix routing inoderedza ghosting uku ichideredza wiring kuoma.
• inowanikwa -Kusarudzwa kweiyo hardwired (PS/2, USB) kana isina waya (Bluetooth, RF) keyboard interface tekinoroji.
• Kudzorera -Kubatanidzwa kwe-per-kiyi RGB akatungamirira backlighting yekuvhenekera uye aesthetics.
• Onboard Controllers -Microcontroller kugona kubata keyboard mamiriro, backlighting, macros nezvimwe.
• EMI Shielding -Kusanganisirwa kweakavharirwa ekudzivirira akavharirwa uye gaskets ekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi.
• Customization - Tsigiro yekuchinja-inopisa-kuchinja, mamwe makiyi makiyi uye mushandisi programmability.

Kunyatsofunga nezvema parameter aya kunoguma nePCB keyboard yakanyatso kurongedzerwa kune yainoda kushandisa uye zvinodiwa zvekushandisa.

Mechanical Swichi Anoshandiswa muKibhodhi PCBs

 

Mechanical kiyibhodhi anoshandisa ega ega ega ega ega ega pasi pekiyi kiyi achipesana nerabha dome membranes mumakiyibhodhi akachipa. Aya ma switch anouya mumhando dzakasiyana achipa akasiyana tactile mhinduro uye anonzwika siginecha. Common mechanical switches dzinosanganisira:

• chitubu - Inodzosera kiyi kunzvimbo yekuzorora mushure mekudzvanywa. Simba rechitubu rinotara kupikisa kana simba rekuita rekiyi.
• nhengo -Kufambisa chikamu chakasungirirwa kune kiyipu inotsvedza kumusoro / pasi kugadzira uye kutyora magetsi.
• Leaf chitubu -Inoita inofamba inobata nedzinde kuti ipedze magetsi ekuchinja dunhu.
• Housing -Inobata zvinhu zvekuchinja pamwe chete uye inopa kugadzikana kwemichina.
• Contacts -Mapadhi akamisikidzwa paPCB ayo anofambisa anobatana anobatana nawo kana switch yavhara.

Kusiyanisa zvemukati zvemuchina switch inobvumira kugadzira akasiyana maprofiles kubva kuchiedza uye mutsara kune inorema uye nekudzvanya actuation.

Mechanical Switch Types dzeKibhodhi PCBs

Keyboard PCBs inogona kugarisa marudzi akasiyana emakanika kiyi switch. Zvikamu zvikuru ndezvi:

Linear Switches – Kufamba zvakanaka kwemutsetse pasina kubata kana kudzvanya mhinduro panguva yekushanda. Sarudzo dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira Cherry MX Red, Dema, Sirivha, Nature White nezvimwewo.

Maswichi ekubata - Anopa bump yekubata asi hapana kudzvanya kana ruzha runonzwika panzvimbo yekushanda. Mienzaniso yeswichi idzi ndiCherry MX Brown, Clear, Grey, Nature White.

Clicky Switches - Inoratidza bump inobatika pamwe nekudzvanya kwakasiyana-siyana pakumhanya. Maswitch anowanzo shandiswa pakudhinda ndeeCherry MX Blue, Green, Nature White, naKailh Box White.

Maswichi Akanyarara - Akagadzirwa kuti abudise ruzha rushoma kunyangwe kana ruzha rwazara mushure mekushanda. Anoshanda munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzehofisi. Cherry MX Silent Red/Dema maswichi akanyarara ane ruzha anozivikanwa.

Vashandisi vakasiyana vanosarudza mamwe makiyi ekuchinja mhando zvichienderana nekunzwa kwaunoda, ruzha uye kutaipa ruzivo. Kiyibhodhi PCBs inogona kugadzirwa kuti ishande neyakasiyana siyana iripo yehunyanzvi mechanical switch.

Mechanical Switch Mounting Styles Anoshandiswa muKeyboard PCBs

Mechanical switch anouya mumataera maviri ekutarisa - 3 pini uye 5 pini - inoraira mashandisiro avanoita nePCB:

Maswichi matatu ePin - Iine mapini maviri ekubatanidza magetsi uye rimwe rekuisa. Inoda rutsigiro rwekuwedzera rweplate kana maPCB akakora kuti igare yakasimba.

Maswichi mashanu ePin - Isa mamwe mapini maviri epurasitiki ekutungamira ekuenderana uye kugadzikana kana akasungirirwa zvakananga kuPCB pasina ndiro.

Kune mabhodhi-akaiswa kiyibhodhi, chero mhando inoshanda sezvo ndiro ichipa mechanical rutsigiro. MaPCB anopisa anochinjika anowanzo shanda chete nemapini matatu.

Mapini ekuwedzera anogona kudimburwa kana 5 pini switch ikashandiswa mune matatu pini keyboard PCB application. Iyo yekutarisa haina kukanganisa chinja magetsi kana tactile maitiro.

Basa reMahwendefa muKibhodhi PCBs

Plates isimbi (aluminium, simbi) kana epurasitiki (polycarbonate, acrylic) mapepa anokwira pamusoro pePCB uye pazasi pema switch:

• Ivo vane cutouts iyo imwe neimwe kiyi switch inobuda kuburikidza ichichengeterwa mundiro.
• Ndiro dzinopa kuomarara kwechimiro uye kuramba kurwisa shanduko yekuchinja pasi pekudzvanya kwakanyanya.
• Ivo vanove nechokwadi chekuchinja kurongeka uye kuenderana kwepakati pane iyo keyboard.
• Plates anoderedza kiibhodhi flex uye kunatsiridza kutaipa kunzwa.

Maputeti anosungirwa kumichina kuperera mundiro-yakaiswa switch kiyibhodhi. Mamwe makiyibhodhi akaiswa paPCB anogona kusiya mahwendefa kuti aderedze mutengo uye ukobvu.

Kuvaka Custom Keyboard PCB

Vanofarira zvemagetsi vanogona kugadzira nekuvaka yavo yavo kiyibhodhi maPCB:

Dhizaini Yechirongwa - Gadzira dhizaini yedhizaini yekhibhodi ine zvikamu zvakaita se microcontroller, switch, LEDs nezvimwewo.

Kurongeka kwePCB - Gadzira PCB chaiyo ine zvikamu zvakarongwa uye chinja matrix yakatsanangurwa.

Kodhi yeFirmware - Nyora kodhi yekutonga firmware uye kodhi yekudzora mwenje ye microcontroller.

Kugadzira Mifananidzo ye3D - Tevedzera nzvimbo yekhibhodi neplate muCAD software.

Kugadzirwa kwePCB - Tora PCB yakagadzirwa uye zvinhu zvayo zvinowanikwa.

Kugadzira - Zvikamu zve solder zvakaita se switch, controller, connectors paPCB yakagadzirwa.

Flashing Firmware - Ronga firmware yekudzora pa microcontroller.

Kuedza - Simbisa mashandiro ekhibhodi usati wabatanidza kekupedzisira.

Kubatanidzwa Kwenzvimbo Yakavharirwa - Unganidza kiibhodhi muchikamu chakadhindwa che3D kana chakagadzirwa nefekitori.

Kuvaka kiibhodhi yakajairwa kunopa mubairo mukuru asi kunoda dhizaini yakakosha, hunyanzvi hwekukodha uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira pamwe chete nekuwana kune inodiwa chikamu masosi uye masevhisi ekugadzira.

Zvikamu Zvinoshandiswa muKibhodhi PCBs

Izvo zvakakosha zvinoumba inoshanda keyboard PCB wedunhu zvinosanganisira:

Kupa Simba - Makiyibhodhi anoshandisa simba re +5V kana +3.3V rinopihwa pamusoro pechishandiso chavo chemagetsi (USB/wireless). Kudzora voltage yemubhodhi kunogonawo kuiswa.

Microcontroller - Iyi inogadzira makiyi ekudzvanya, inomhanya nemagetsi, inobata kutaurirana kwewaya/waya isina waya nezvimwewo. Mienzaniso yeMCUs ndeiyi: Atmega32, RP2040, Elite-C.

Maswichi - Maswichi emakanika akasiyana kana mabhii erabha anochinjika anoshandiswa pakuisa pfungwa dzemushandisi.

Switch Diodes - Inoshandiswa kudzivirira matambudziko emagetsi ekugadzirisa matrix ghosting zvichibvumira kudzvanya makiyi panguva imwe chete.

Ma LED Makuru - Isa ma LED eruvara rumwe chete kana ma RGB pasi pekiyi yega yega kuti uvheneke uye uwane mhedzisiro.

Zvinodzivirira Kudhonza - Zvinoshandiswa pakushandura zvinhu nenzira yakavimbika uye kudzivirira mafambiro enhema.

Dziviriro yeESD - Inodzivirira magetsi anochengetedza ganda kubva pakubuda kwemagetsi.

Kusefa MaCapacitor - Kunoderedza kukanganiswa kweruzha rwemagetsi pamitsetse yedata yekhibhodi.

Kutaurirana - Nzvimbo dzekubatanidza dzine waya dzakadai seUSB kana dzisina waya dzakadai seBluetooth dzekubatanidza nharembozha.

Kuenzanisa Standard vs Mechanical Keyboard PCBs

Pane mimwe misiyano inocherechedzwa pakati pebasic membrane-based keyboard PCBs versus mechanical keyboard PCBs:

• Kuchinja Mechanism -Membrane kiyibhodhi anoshandisa akadhindwa maseketi pane inochinjika membrane inochinjika kana ichidzvanywa. Mechanical keyboards ane ega ega ega ega ega kiyi.
• Tactile Feedback - Membrane kiyibhodhi ane mashoma etactile mhinduro ine yakapfava mushy kunzwa. Mechanical switches inopa chaiyo tactile uye inonzwika mhinduro ine crisp press.
• Chinja Customization -Mechanical kiyibhodhi inobvumira kushandisa akasiyana akasiyana siyana ekuchinja mhando pakuda kwemushandisi. Membrane keyboards inopa kushoma kugadzirisa kana chinja sarudzo.
• Lifespan -Magetsi ega ega akatemerwa 50+ miriyoni keystrokes. Membrane keyboards inopera mushure me 5-10 miriyoni yekutsikirira zvinotungamira mukukundikana.
• Signal Kugadziriswa - Membrane kiyibhodhi anoshandisa passive capacitive sensing matrix. Mechanical keyboards anoshandisa inoshanda dhijitari switching inoda madhiodhi.
• mutengo -Mechanical keyboard maPCB ane discrete switch inodhura kakawanda kupfuura membrane keyboard PCB magungano.

Akazara makiyibhodhi emakanika anopa hupenyu hurefu, kugadzirisa uye ruzivo rwemushandisi pamusoro pemembrane based dhizaini.

Yakajairwa Kiyibhodhi PCB Saizi

Keyboard PCBs dzinouya muhukuru hwakasiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemakiyi akasanganisirwa. Mamwe masaizi akajairika ndeaya:

• 40% - Ultra compact fomati ine alpha makiyi uye mamwe manyorerwo. Inoda Fn kiyi musanganiswa.
• 60% - Inosanganisira alpha makiyi, modifiers, miseve asi inoshaya basa uye nav makiyi. Yakakurumbira "poker" saizi.
• 65% - Yakafanana ne60% ine yakawedzera yakatsaurwa museve makiyi. Inoshandiswa mune mamwe malaptop.
• 75% -Ine alpha makiyi, modhifita uye makiyi ebasa asi pasina numpad.
• 80%/TKL -Tenkeyless isina numpad asi mamwe makiyi aripo.
• 100% - Yakazara-saizi bhodhi ine yakabatanidzwa numpad uye ese makiyi. Yakanyanya kuwanda PC fomati.

Madiki kiibhodhi PCB saizi anoshandiswa kuwedzera kutakurika uku iwo makuru achinatsiridza kugadzirwa. Mamiriro ekushandisa anotungamira kusarudzwa saizi.

Kugadzira iyo Keyboard PCB Layout

Iyo PCB dhizaini inoronga zvikamu uye nzira yekubatanidza kwavo kuti iite iyo keyboard reketi mune chaiyo yemuviri zvipingaidzo:

• POSITION COMPONENTS - Microcontroller, zvibatanidza, maswiti akaiswa mumapoka anoshanda uye akapatsanurwa zvakakodzera.
• MATRIX ROUTING -Optimized switch matrix yekubatanidza mitsara/columns inoona makiyi makiyi akavimbika.
• ONGORORA DUNHU - Hurefu hudiki hwepamusoro-kumhanya nzira dzeMCU.
• ISOLATION - Chengetedza ruzha rwemadhijitari kure kure neanalog anonzwira tsitsi.
• FORM FACTOR - Zvinzvimbo zvezvikamu zvinoenderana nekunze kwekuvharirwa kwekhibhodi.
• SERVICEABILITY - Mapoinzi ekuyedza akapihwa kusimbisa kushanda.
• KUSVIRA - High goho bhodhi rekugadzira imba maitiro akatariswa.

Yakanyatso kurongwa keyboard PCB marongero anoderedza kuomarara uye crosstalk asi ari nyore kugadzira uye kuunganidza muhukuru.

PCB Mhangura Kukobvu Sarudzo yeKibhodhi

Iyo PCB yemhangura ukobvu zvinoenderana neinodiwa ikozvino kutakura kugona:

• Yakajairwa kiibhodhi traces inongotakura yakaderera ikozvino masaini mazinga, saka 1 oz. mhangura (35 μm) inowanzoitika.
• Imwe nyanzvi RGB-backlit yemitambo kiyibhodhi inoshandisa inorema 2 oz. mhangura (70 μm) kubata yakakwirira LED mafungu pasina voltage madonhwe.
• Maximum inotenderwa PCB yekutsvaga hupamhi uye clearance zvakare inokonzeresa mukusarudzwa kwehuremu hwemhangura.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, 1 oz. mhangura inopa chiyero chakakodzera che conductivity maringe nekugadzirwa kwekeyboard PCB yakapihwa simba rawo rakaderera.

Chinja Kukwirisa Zvitaera mukhibhodi PCBs

Mechanical keyboard switch inoiswa paPCB uchishandisa angave majoini ekutengesa kana anopisa-chinjana masokisi:

Yakasungirirwa - Ma terminal e switch anosungirirwa zvakananga kuma PCB pads kuti abatanidzwe nemagetsi uye asimbise switch yacho nekanika. Inopa kugara kwenguva refu asi haibviswi.

Soketi Inopisa - Soketi ine musoro wepini inosungirirwa kuPCB uye mapini eswitch anobatanidzirwa musoketi iyi pasina kudikanwa kwekusonesa. Inobvumira kuchinjana maswitch asi masoketi anogona kupera kana maswitch akadzokororwa achiiswa.

Kupisa-kuchinjisa kiyibhodhi kunoda ndiro kuti isimbise kukwira kwekuchinja ukuwo makiyibhodhi akatengeswa anogona kusiya ndiro kana ukobvu kuri kumanikidza. Iyo inodiwa yekugadziridza kuchinjika inotungamira sarudzo pakati peyakatengeswa uye inopisa-chinja-chinja keyboard PCB zvivakwa.

Keyboard PCB Plate Material Sarudzo

Mahwendefa akaiswa kune keyboard PCBs anowanzo kugadzirwa achishandisa:

Aruminiyamu - Chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pakhibhodi. Chinopa kuomarara pahuremu hushoma. CNC yakagadzirwa nemachina nemazvo. Inogona kuomeswa nemavara akasiyana. Mutengo wakaderera.

Simbi Isina Zvisimbiso - Inopa kuomarara kwakanyanya kwemuchina asi inorema. Haina ngura yakawanda uye inogona kugadziriswa zvakanaka senge pendi inozadzwa.

Plate yeBrass - Maplate eBrass anozivikanwa nekunzwa kwawo kwakapfava kubva pasi kuenda kunze, zvichipa simba rekudzivirira. Anogadzira ruzha rwakaderera kana tichienzanisa nemaplate ealuminium uye anowanzo sarudzwa kuti aderedze ruzha. Maplate eBrass anogona kuwedzera huremu kukhibhodi nekuda kwekuwanda kwawo.

Kabhoni Fiber - Yakareruka uye yakasimba. Inotaridzika zvakanaka ine magumo akarukwa. Inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura aruminiyamu.

Acrylic - Sarudzo yepurasitiki inodhura zvishoma. Inobvumira nhungamiro dzemwenje yemupendero kana yakabatana nema LED asingatsvedzeri. Inochinjika zvakanyanya kupfuura maplate esimbi.

FR4 Plate – Maplate eFR4 anowanzo sarudzwa pamakiyibhodhi asina muripo nekuda kwekukwanisika kwawo kutenga. Anopa ruzha rwakasiyana uye toni yakadzika kana tichienzanisa nemaplate ealuminium. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti maplate eFR4 ane katsika kekuderedza ruzha rwekhibhodi, zvichiita kuti ideredze simba rayo.

Plate yeAcrylic - Maplate eAcrylic haawanzo kukurudzirwa kunze kwekunge akakora zvakakwana. Maplate eAcrylic matete ane njodzi yekutsemuka kana kupwanyika. Maplate eAcrylic makobvu anogona kugadzira ruzha rwakadzika serwemamwe maplate epurasitiki.

Polycarbonate - Imwe nzira yepurasitiki inogara kwenguva refu uye yakajeka yemhedzisiro yemwenje. Inopa mhinduro iri pakati nepakati.

Iyo inodiwa yemaitiro kuomarara, huremu, kusimba, mutengo uye zvizoro zvaunofarira zvinotungamira ndiro yekusarudza zvinhu paunenge uchigadzira keyboard PCB.

Kayboard PCB kugadzira maitiro

Kuedzwa kwe keyboard pcb

Package ye keyboard pcb

mhedziso

Keyboard PCBs inotenderedza akasiyana siyana matekinoroji akagadzirirwa nzvimbo yakawedzera yekushandisa inotora vatengi, maindasitiri uye niche madomasi. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa tarisiro yakazara yeakasiyana kufunga anosanganisirwa muinjiniya yakagadziridzwa keyboard PCB masisitimu zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Nekunzwisisa hukama hwakabatana huripo pakati pezvinhu zvePCB zvekhibhodi , sarudzo dzekuchinjana kwemechanical, marongerwo uye routing factors, kugona kwe microcontroller, sarudzo dze interface uye nzvimbo dzekushandisa; mainjiniya ekugadzira vanogona kuita sarudzo dzakangwara dzekugadzira mashandisirwo ekhibhodi anogadziriswa, anoshanda zvakanyanya uye akavimbika.