Maitiro Ekugadzira PCB: Kubva paKugadzira PCB neCAM Engineering kusvika paKugadzira neKugadzira
Mufananidzo 1. Ongororo yeMaitiro Ekugadzira PCB
Maitiro ekugadzira maPCB haatangi kana panel yakaputirwa nemhangura yasvika pamutsetse wemifananidzo. Mufekitori yePCB yehunyanzvi, kugadzira kunotanga kana data remugadziri rachinjwa kuita data rekugadzira rinodzorwa. Kushandurwa ikoko ibasa reinjiniya weCAM.
Mugadziri wePCB anotsanangura chinangwa chemagetsi, zvirambidzo zvemakanika, zvinangwa zvestackup uye nzvimbo dzekubatanidza zvikamu. Mainjiniya weCAM anoshandura chinangwa ichocho kuita hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, mapurogiramu ekudhirowa nekufambisa, data repaneru, mareferensi ekuongorora, makuponi eimpedance uye mirairo yekushanda. Izvo zvinobuda zvinoburitswa kuburikidza neERP yefekitori kana sisitimu yekuraira yekugadzira kuitira kuti dhipatimendi rega rega rekugadzira rishande kubva patsananguro imwe chete inodzorwa.
Gwaro iri rinotsanangura maitiro ese ekugadzira maPCB kubva mukugoverwa kweinjiniya kuburikidza nekugadzirira zvinhu, kugadzirisa mukati mechikamu, lamination, kuboora, plating, outer-layer imaging, solder mask, surface finish, profileing, electrical testing uye final inspection. Rinotsanangurawo zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa nevagadziri vePCB nezve CAM kuitira kuti mabhodhi avo afambe nekuongorora kweinjiniya nemibvunzo mishoma, kubvumirana kushoma uye nzira yakagadzikana yekugadzira.
Chii Chinobatanidzwa Mukugadzirwa kwePCB?
Maitiro ekugadzira mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa kushandurwa kwedata rePCB kuita bhodhi chairo rinozadzisa zvinodiwa zvemagetsi, mativi, zvinhu uye kuvimbika. Rinosanganisira zvinopfuura kungofungidzira nekunyora. Maitiro ekugadzirira kugadzirwa anowanzo kuve nezvikamu zvina zveinjiniya zvakabatana:
| Rutivi rweinjiniya | Mutoro mukuru | Typical output |
|---|---|---|
| PCB dhizaini | Inotsanangura kubatana kwedunhu, nzira yekufambisa zvinhu, nzvimbo, nzvimbo dzekubatanidza michina, zvinangwa zvekugadzirisa zvinhu, uye zvipingamupinyi zvekugadzira. | Data reGerber/ODB++/IPC-2581, mafaira ekudhirowa eNC, dhizaini yekugadzira, stackup, netlist uye manotsi ekugadzira. |
| Uinjiniya hweCAM neDFM | Inoongorora kugona kugadzirwa, inogadzirisa kusanzwisisika kwedata, inoshandisa muripo wemaitiro akatenderwa uye inogadzira data rakagadzirira kugadzirwa. | Mifananidzo yekugadzira, mapurogiramu ekudzidzira/kuronga, data repaneru, mareferensi eAOI, data rekuyedza, makuponi uye mibvunzo yeinjiniya kana zvichidikanwa. |
| Uinjiniya hwekugadzira / ERP-MI | Inotsanangura nzira yekushanda, zvinhu, michina, mirairo yakakosha, ongororo uye nzvimbo dzekutarisa dzekugamuchira. | Mufambi kana kuti MI, kurongeka kwebasa, kunyorwa kwezvinhu, manotsi ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinodiwa pakuongorora. |
| Kugadzira uye kusimbisa | Inovaka, inopedzisa uye inoedza PCB isina chinhu. | Mabhodhi asina chinhu akaburitswa akagadzirira kutumirwa kana kuunganidzwa kwePCB. |
Musiyano uyu unokosha nekuti tsananguro dzakawanda dzemagadzirirwo anoitwa maPCB dzinotanga ne "kudhinda chikamu chemukati." Mufekitori yePCB yeindasitiri, jira harifanirwe kusvika padanho iroro kusvika CAM yaona zvinorehwa nechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kana dhizaini yacho ichigona kugadzirwa, nzira ipi yekugadzira inoshanda uye kuti ndeipi data rakabhadharwa nzvimbo yega yega yebasa inofanira kushandisa.
Maitiro Ekugadzira PCB Pakutarisisa
Kuburitswa kwePCB dhizaini → kutora data → CAM normalization → DFM uye ongororo yekugona → mibvunzo yeinjiniya kana zvichidikanwa → stackup uye impedance review → CAM compensation → panelization uye tooling → ERP/MI process definition → magadzirirwo ezvinhu → inner-layer imaging → inner-layer etching → inner-layer AOI → layup uye lamination → drilling / laser drilling → desmear uye hole metallization → outer-layer imaging → copper plating and etching → outer-layer AOI → solder mask → legend → surface finish → profileing / routing / V-scoring → electrical test and dimensional inspection → final inspection and packaging → optional PCB assembly.
Nzira chaiyo inochinja zvichienderana nehuwandu hwema layer, kuburikidza nechimiro, huremu hwemhangura, sisitimu yezvinhu, kupedzisa kwenzvimbo uye zvinodiwa zvemakanika. Bhodhi reFR-4 rine ma layer maviri rinogona kudarika mashandiro akati wandei e multilayer, nepo bhodhi reHDI richigona kudzokorora lamination uye laser-drilling kakawanda.
Nei CAM Engineering iri Chibvumirano Pakati Pekugadzira nekugadzira PCB
PCB CAD inotsanangura zvinofanirwa kuitwa nechigadzirwa nemagetsi uye nekanika. Midziyo yekugadzira inoda ruzivo rwakasiyana: geometry yemuchina inobhadharwa, tsananguro dzezvishandiso zvekuboorera, ma "panels coordinates", process polarity, imaging data, coupon, ma tooling features, nzira dzekufamba nadzo, ruzivo rwekukora, ma "inspection references" uye manotsi akanangana neprocess. CAM engineering inovaka jira iroro rekushandura.
Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, CAM haifanirwe kutorwa se "Gerber check" yekupedzisira. Ongororo yeCAM ine hunyanzvi inobvunza kana dhizaini yacho ichigona kurarama nenzira yakakwana yekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, via inogona kunge iri pamutemo mumitemo yekugadzira yeCAD asi ichiri isina kukwana annular-ring margin mushure mekubvumidzwa kwekuboorwa uye mvumo yekunyoresa yafungidzirwa. Chiratidzo chinogona kusangana nehupamhi hwezita mudhizaini asi chinoda muripo we etch zvichienderana nehuremu hwemhangura uye maitiro akasarudzwa ekufungidzira/etching. Slot inoshanda nemechanically inogona kuda maitiro akasiyana nekuti yakaiswa plated, isina kurongeka, yakadzika-inodzorwa kana kuti iri pamucheto webhodhi.
Mainjiniya weCAM anofanira kuchengetedza chinangwa chemagetsi chemugadziri uku achishandura zviyero zvemagadzirirwo kuita zviyero zvekugadzira. Ndosaka fekitari yakanaka ichisiyanisa muripo wemaitiro nekuchinja dhizaini . Muripo wekugadzira unoitirwa kuwana chiyero chakapedzwa chemutengi mushure mekuchekwa, kuputirwa, kuchekwa kana kugadzirwa. Shanduko inokanganisa kubatana, saizi yegomba rakapedzwa, geometry inodzorwa-impedance, tsananguro yekunze kana chimwe chinodiwa chekushanda inofanira kutorwa semubvunzo weinjiniya, kwete kugadziriswazve chinyararire.
Danho 1: Kugadzira Data Package uye Chinangwa Chekugadzira
Hunhu hwemaitiro ekugadzira PCB hunokanganiswa zvakanyanya nehunhu hwepakeji yekuburitsa. CAM inogona kugadzirisa matambudziko ekugadzirisa, asi haigone kufungidzira zvakachengeteka chinangwa chekugadzira chisina kujeka. Pakeji yekuburitsa yakasimba ine data rinoverengwa nemuchina uye tsananguro pfupi yekugadzira.
| Data kana chinodiwa | Nei CAM ichichida | Kusanzwisisika kwakajairika kwekudzivirira |
|---|---|---|
| Mhangura, chifukidzo chesolder uye zvidimbu zve legend | Inogadzira mufananidzo wakagadzirirwa kuvaka wedivi rega rega uye wemukati mechikamu. | Mazita ezvikamu asina kujeka, ruzivo rwe polarity rwusipo, zvikamu zvakafanana kana kuti zvekare. |
| Mafaira ekuboorera eNC uye tafura yekuboorera | Inoparadzanisa PTH, NPTH, microvia uye zvinodiwa pakuboorera zvakakosha uye inoronga maburi akapedzwa nemidziyo yekugadzira. | Kushandisa chiratidzo chimwe chete pamaburi akaputirwa neasina kuputirwa kana dhayamita dzakapedzwa uye dzezvishandiso. |
| Rondedzero yebhodhi uye nhanho yenzira | Inotsanangura saizi dzakapedzwa, zvidimbu zvemukati, mipata uye maficha eprofile. | Mutsetse wakadzokororwa pazvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, magadzirirwo akavhurika, saizi dzinopesana kana kuti geometry yenzvimbo isina kujeka. |
| Mufananidzo wekugadzira | Inotaurirana ukobvu, kushivirira, kupedzisa, mhangura, manotsi emakanika uye maitiro akakosha. | Zvinyorwa zvinopesana nedata reGerber/drill kana zvinyorwa zvakakopwa zvisingashande pabhodhi. |
| PCB layer stackup | Inotsanangura huremu hwemhangura, kugadzirwa kwe dielectric, ukobvu hwakapedzwa uye dhizaini ye controlled-impedance. | Zviyero zve dielectric zvisina kutaurwa kana mugadziri anogona kugadzirisa zvinhu. |
| Tafura yekudzivirira inodzorwa | Inobatanidza chinangwa chega chega che impedance ne layer, trace geometry, reference plane uye tolerance. | Kutsanangura chinangwa asi kwete kuziva mambure akakodzera kana jiometri. |
| Ruzivo rweIPC kana ruzivo rwekugadzira rwakangwara | Inotsigira kuenzanisa kubatana uye inoderedza mukana wekuti kusanzwisisika kwemifananidzo kungave kukanganisa kwemagetsi. | Netlist yakagadzirwa kubva pakugadzirisa dhizaini yakasiyana. |
| Kupedzisa pamusoro uye kupedzisa kwakasarudzwa | Inosarudza nzira yekufambisa maitikiro uye inokanganisa kugona kwekusonesa, kurongeka, kupfeka kwekubatana uye kuenderana kwekubatanidzwa. | Kudanidzira ENIG pasi rose ukuwo uchitarisira minwe yakaoma isina kusarudzwa. |
| Zvinodiwa zvemakanika zvakakosha | Inobvumira CAM kutsanangura countersink, counterbore, controlled-depth routing, castellations, edge plating kana maficha epress-fit. | Kungopa chimiro chekudhirowa chisina dhayamita yekupedzisira, kudzika/ukobvu hwasara uye kushivirira. |
Gerber ichiri kushandiswa, nepo ODB++ neIPC-2581 zvichigona kutakura ruzivo rwakarongeka kana mugadziri nemugadziri vachivatsigira. Pasinei nefomati, kudzora kugadzirisa kwakakosha. Data remhangura, rekuboorera, rekudhirowa, rekurongedza uye renetlist zvese zvinofanirwa kutsanangura kugadzirisa kwakafanana.
Danho rechipiri: Kugadziriswa kwedata reCAM uye Ongororo yeDFM
2.1 Kugadzirisa data: kuvakazve tsananguro imwe chete yebhodhi yakavimbika
Basa rekutanga reCAM nderekuita kuti data rienderane mukati. Mayuniti, macoordinates, mavambo, kurongeka kwelayer, mirror state, polarity, aperture definitions, drill formats uye profile geometry zvinotariswa usati watanga kugadzira. Mainjiniya weCAM anoonawo data risina kushandiswa, maduplicate layers uye maficha angave akatumirwa kunze zvakasiyana neCAD systems dzakasiyana.
Apa ndipo panoshandiswa hunyanzvi hwekubvisa zvinhu. Kana injiniya weCAM asinganyatsonzwisisa zviri kuitika, njodzi yekuti nguva yeinjiniya inopedzerwa pakusiyanisa chinhu chakaitwa nemaune kubva kune chimwe chinhu chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika inoderera.
2.2 Kuongororwa kwekubatana uye hukama hwezvikamu
CAM inoenzanisa dhizaini yacho kuburikidza nezvidimbu zvemhangura, data rekuboorera, uye kana iripo, runyorwa rwevatengi. Chinangwa hachisi chekungowana maburi ari pachena kana mapfupi. Chinangwa ndechekuona hukama pakati pemapedhi negomba, kuburikidza nemagadzirirwo, kubatana kwepasi, ma antipads, mareliefs ekupisa uye hukama hwakagadzirirwa pakati pemhangura nemabasa emakanika.
2.3 Upamhi hwemutsetse, nzvimbo uye ongororo yehuremu hwemhangura
Upamhi hushoma hwemuchina wekufambisa uye nzvimbo pakati pezvinhu hazvigone kuongororwa pasina kuenzana nehukobvu hwemhangura uye nzira yekushanda. Sezvo mhangura ichirema, kuchekwa kunowedzera kuoma uye kuchekwa kwemativi kunokanganisa zvakanyanya magumo ekugadzira. Saka CAM inoongorora mutsetse/nzvimbo shoma pamwe chete nemhangura yepakutanga, mhangura yakapedzwa uye kana chinhu chacho chakaparadzaniswa kana kuti chiri mumunda wemhangura wakakora.
Vagadziri vanofanira kudzivisa kubata miganho yekugona kugadzira PCB senhamba yepasi rose inoshanda kune huremu hwese hwemhangura uye jira rega rega. Dhizaini inogadzirwa zvakanyanya inoshandisa kugona kwekugadzira kwakajairika kwechivakwa chakasarudzwa uye inochengetedza jiometri yakanyanya chete kana huwandu hwedunhu huchiita kuti zvive zvakakosha.
2.4 Mhete yeAnnular, kushivirira kuboorwa uye nzvimbo yekubvisa maburi kuenda kumhangura
Gomba rakapedzwa harina kukura kwakafanana negomba rekugadzira. Fekitori inofanirwa kuverengera kuiswa kwemhangura pamadziro, kushivirira kuboorwa uye shanduko yemaitiro. Saka CAM inoongorora chimiro chepad neannular-ring mushure mekunge gomba rekugadzira rashandiswa uye mvumo yekunyoresa.
Nheyo imwecheteyo inoshandawo pakuisa nzvimbo pakati pemaburi neconductor. Kuyerwa kweCAD kwakaitwa kubva paburi rakapedzwa kunogona kusaratidza njodzi yekugadzira. CAM inotarisa buri rekugadzira, muripo waro uye mhangura inofanira kusara mushure mekuboorwa, kuputirwa uye kunyoreswa. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kune magadzirirwo akaomarara akawanda, maburi anodzvanywa uye magadzirirwo ari pedyo nekugona kwemuchina wekugadzira ring.
2.5 PTH, NPTH, migero uye maburi asina kurongeka
Yakaputirwa nepakati pemaburi nemaburi asina kuputika haifanirwe kujeka mupakeji yekugadzira. CAM inogona kushandisa matanho akasiyana ekuboorera, mitemo yekuripa kana maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvePTH neNPTH. Nzvimbo dzakaputirwa nemaburi asina kuputika zvinoda kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa nekuti kugona kwayo kugadzira kunoenderana nejometri, mukana wekushandisa maturusi, nzira yekuputira, rin'i yeannular uye mhangura iri pedyo.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita semaburi akachekwa, maburi emucheto uye maburi ehafu akaputirwa zvinofanirwa kuzivikanwa zvakajeka. Zvinokanganisa marongerwo epaneru uye mapurofayiri nekuti chinhu chinofanira kuramba chakatsigirwa nekanika kusvika padanho rekugadzira rakakodzera.
2.6 Kugona kugadzirwa kwechifukidziro chesolder
CAM inoita ongororo yeDFM ye solder-mask inoenderana ne geometry yepad, upamhi hwedam, kushivirira kunyoresa, kuburikidza nekurapwa uye zvinodiwa pakugadzira. Kuvhura kwe solder-mask kunoita sekunge kwakanaka muCAD kunogona kuva dambudziko kana maburi maviri ari pedyo akabatana, kana dam re mask rakamanikana risingakwanise kubatwa zvakanaka kana kana via ikaburitswa munzvimbo inosungirirwa.
Vagadziri vanofanira kutaura chinangwa chekugadzirisa zvinhu pazvinenge zvichikosha: kuvhurika, kuvharwa, kuvharwa, kuzara ne resin uye kuvharwa, kana chimwe chimiro chinodzorwa. CAM haifanirwe kufungidzira kuti inogona kuvimbika zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvinhu kubva chete kana paine mukana uripo muchikamu che solder-mask.
2.7 Ongororo yengano nezviratidzo zvezvikamu
Rugwaro rwesilkscreen runotariswa kuti rwunoverengwa here kana kuti haruna kuenderana nemapedhi akafumurwa, nzvimbo dzekuyedza, minwe yegoridhe nedzimwe nzvimbo dzisingabvumidzwe neinki. CAM inogona kubvisa ngano isina kukosha kubva pamapedhi pasi pemutemo wekugadzira wakabvumiranwa, asi mamaki ekugadzira-akakosha anofanira kugadzirwa nekujeka kwakakwana pane kuvimba nekuchekwa otomatiki.
2.8 Mupendero webhodhi, V-score uye kubviswa kwenzira
Zvikamu, mhangura, mavia uye zvinhu zvakaputirwa pedyo nemupendero webhodhi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvichienderana nenzira yekubvisa mapanelisi. Kuisa V-scoring, kurongedza tab, maburi ezvitambi uye kurongedza CNC zvinogadzira mamiriro akasiyana emakanika. CAM inofanirawo kuziva kana mupendero webhodhi wakagadzirirwa kuva usina dielectric, wakaputirwa, wakaiswa mudenga kana kuti chikamu che connector/contact system.
2.9 Zvigunwe zvegoridhe uye kupedzisa kwakasanganiswa kwenzvimbo
Minwe yakasarudzwa yegoridhe yakaoma haisi "imwe PCB surface finish ." Inogona kuda kubatanidza ma plating akagadzirirwa uye nzira chaiyo yekushanda usati wabvisa kubatanidza kwenguva pfupi panguva yekuongorora. Kana dhizaini ikabatanidza minwe yegoridhe neENIG, OSP, immersion tin, immersion silver kana HASL pane imwe bhodhi, CAM inofanira kutsanangura nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa uye kurongeka kwekugadzira nemazvo.
Kana chigadzirwa chisingabvumidze kubatana kwechinguvana kweplating, muganho iwoyo unofanira kuziviswa nekukurumidza nekuti unogona kuchinja maitiro anokurudzirwa. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune zvinodiwa zve chamfer, kushivirira kureba kweminwe uye chero "munwe murefu/mupfupi".
2.10 Kuenzana kwemhangura nemhangura yasara
Mainjiniya eCAM anotarisawo kuti mhangura yakawanda sei inosara pachikamu chimwe nechimwe uye kuti mhangura inoparadzirwa sei mupaneru. Chimwe chinhu chinobatsira pakugadzira injinjini iresidual copper ratio:
Residual copper ratio = copper pattern area ÷ unit board area × 100%
Izvi zvinokosha nekuti lamination inzira yekuyerera kwe resin. Kuwanda kwemhangura kwakasiyana-siyana pazvikamu zviri pedyo kunogona kuchinja kudiwa kwe resin, ukobvu hwe dielectric yemuno uye kuenzana kwemuchina. Mabhodhi emhangura akakora anowedzera simba racho. Dhizaini ine nzvimbo huru dzisina mhangura pedyo nemhangura inorema ingada shanduko dze stackup, nzira dzekuenzanisa mhangura kana mamwe maitiro ekudzora.
Kune mugadziri wePCB, chidzidzo chiri nyore: kuenzana kwemhangura hakusi nyaya yekunaka chete. Kunokanganisa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kudzora ukobvu hwebhodhi, njodzi yekudonha kwemadziro uye, mune zvimwe zvivakwa, maitiro e dielectric akatenderedza zvivakwa zve impedance.
2.11 Impedance inodzorwa uye zvinhu zvinofambiswa nemhepo yakawanda
Impedance inodzorwa inofanira kuongororwa sesystem ye stackup pane nhamba ye trace-width. CAM ne process engineering zvinotarisa ukobvu hwe dielectric, ukobvu hwe copper, finished conductor geometry, reference-plane relationship uye chaiyo material system. Kune RF uye microwave designs uchishandisa zvinhu zvakaita se Rogers , Taconic, Arlon kana mamwe ma laminates asina kurasikirwa zvakanyanya, material-specific processing anogonawo kukanganisa kuchera, kugadzirira pamusoro, lamination uye dimensional behavior.
Kuburitswa kwedhizaini kwakachengeteka kunopa chinangwa chekupindira, kushivirira uye geometry yemagetsi, ukuwo zvichibvumira mugadziri kuti ape pfungwa yekugadziriswa kwakakodzera. Geometry yekupedzisira yekugadzira inofanira kusimbiswa isati yagadzirwa pane kufunga kuti CAD nominal trace width icharamba isina kuchinja.
Danho rechitatu: Kubhadharwa kweCAM, Panelization uye Data rekugadzira
Kana matambudziko eDFM agadziriswa, CAM inoshandura data rekugadzira zvinhu kuita data rekugadzira. Kugadziriswa uku kunoitwa nemaune, kwete kuchinja zvinhu zvisina tsarukano padunhu.
3.1 Kubhadhara kuvezwa nemifananidzo
Mhangura inobviswa yakatambanuka pamwe chete neyakatwasuka panguva yekucheka. Zvichienderana nehuremu hwemhangura uye maitiro ayo, mainjiniya weCAM anogona kutsiva maficha emuchina wekufambisa kuitira kuti zvidimbu zve trace nepedhi zvigare panzvimbo yazvakatarwa mushure mekutora mifananidzo, kuputira uye kutema. Maitiro ekugadzirisa anogona kusiyana pakati pezvikamu zvemukati nezvekunze nekuti nzira dzavo dzekugadzira dzinosiyana.
3.2 Kubhadharisa kuboorwa nekuputirwa kwepurasitiki
Pazvinhu zvePTH, chibooreso chekugadzira chinosarudzwa kuitira kuti gomba rakapedzwa rienderane nezvinodiwa nemutengi mushure mekugadziriswa kwesimbi nemadziro. Zvinhu zveNPTH zvinobatwa zvakasiyana nekuti hazvina kuitirwa kuti zvive nemhangura yakafanana. CAM inounganidzawo maturusi ekuboorera zvinobudirira uku ichidzivirira kushivirira kwakakosha uye zvinhu zvinodzorwa.
3.3 Solder-mask uye kugadzirisa legend
Nzvimbo dzinovhurwa dzinogadziriswa zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzira chifukidzo chesimbi uye kugona kunyoresa. CAM inoongorora madhamu mashoma, hukama hwemask-to-pad, mhangura yakafumurwa uye nzvimbo dzisina kurongwa. Ngano dzinogona kubviswa panzvimbo dzinovhurwa zvichienderana nemitemo yakatenderwa, nepo zviratidzo zvakakosha zvichifanira kuramba zviripo chaizvo panodiwa nemufananidzo.
3.4 Kuisa Panel muPanneau
PCB yemutengi inowanzogadzirwa mupaneru hombe yekushanda. CAM inosarudza kurongeka, huwandu hwearray, nzvimbo, rails, maburi ekushandisa, fiducials, makuponi, nzira yekuparadzanisa uye nzira yekuendesa zvinhu zvichibva pakushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira uye zvinodiwa pakusangana. Panelization inogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu, kugoverwa kweplating, kuomarara kwebhodhi, kugona kweV-score uye kubata otomatiki.
Kana mutengi akapa assembly array, CAM inofanira kuchengetedza chinangwa che assembly uye kuona kuti array yacho inoenderanawo nekugadzirwa. Kana fekitori yagadzira panel, zvinodiwa pa assembly zvinofanira kutariswa kana mabhodhi achizopinda zvakananga mukugadzirwa kweSMT.
3.5 Makuponi, maturusi uye zvinhu zvisiri zvechigadzirwa
Panera rekushanda rinogona kusanganisira makuponi e-impedance, zvinangwa zvekunyoresa, makuponi ekuyedza, maficha ekudzora maitiro uye maturusi. Izvi zviri kunze kwedunhu rapera asi chikamu chekudzora kugadzirwa. Nzvimbo yazvo inofanira kugadzirwa kuti imiririre mamiriro akakodzera ekugadzira pasina kukanganisa chigadzirwa kana kubviswa kwemapaneli.
3.6 Izvo CAM isingafaniri kuchinja chinyararire
CAM haifanire kushandisa nzira dzekugadzira zvinhu sechikonzero chekuchinja dhizaini yemagetsi yemutengi. Kuchinja saizi yegomba rakapedzwa, dhizaini yebhodhi, geometry ye impedance kunze kwemuenzaniso wekubhadhara wakabvumiranwa, kubatana, kucheneswa kwemhangura kunochinja mashandiro, kana mashandiro emakanika zvinofanirwa kukonzera mubvunzo weinjiniya. Nzira yekubvumidzwa inodzorwa chikamu chemaitiro ekugadzira ePCB akavimbika.
Danho rechina: Kuburitswa kweStackup Engineering uye ERP/MI Process
Kana data reCAM rava kugona kugadzirwa, fekitori inofanira kutsanangura kuti bhodhi richagadzirwa sei. Apa ndipo panotanga kugadzirwa zvinhu zvakawanda , kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, uye kurongwa kwemaitiro zvinova mirairo yepamutemo yekugadzira.
4.1 Ukobvu hwebhodhi rakapedzwa mhedzisiro yekuunganidza zvinhu zvakawanda
Ukobvu hwakapedzwa hausi huwandu hwemakatarogu nemitengo yeprepreg chete. Mainjiniya anofanirwa kufunga nezvekugoverwa kwemhangura, kuyerera kweresin, kuvakwa kwemhangura uye mupiro weukobvu hwemachira nekupera kana zvichidikanwa. Muenzaniso unobatsira ndewekuti:
Designed board thickness ≈ core thickness + dielectric thickness after lamination + copper-layer contributions + applicable surface/coating contributions
Pamabhodhi ane layer yakawanda, ukobvu hwe dielectric hunoshanda mushure mekudzvanywa hunoenderana ne prepreg system uye pattern yemhangura yakapoteredza. Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei residual copper ratio ichikosha panguva yekuongorora stackup.
4.2 Kuvaka matanda emadziro nezvinhu zvakakosha
FR-4 yakajairika, high-Tg FR-4, laminates dzinorasikirwa zvishoma, PTFE-based RF materials, metal-core materials uye rigid-flex constructions hadzina nzira imwe chete ye lamination. CAM ne process engineering zvinofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa nemutengi nechinhu chakasimbiswa uye nzira ye process. High-frequency hybrid buildings dzinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya nekuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinogona kuva nemafambiro akasiyana, divi uye kugadzirira pamusoro.
4.3 Mufambi weERP/MI anoshandura sarudzo dzeCAM kuita mirairo yefekitori
Mufambi weERP kana MI wefekitori anofanira kutsanangura seti yezvinhu, zvinodiwa nemhangura, nzira yekutora mifananidzo, kutevedzana kwelamination, mapurogiramu ekuboorera, nzira yekuisa plating, zvinodiwa zve solder-mask uye legend, kupedzisa kwenzvimbo, mirairo ye routing/V-score, mashandiro emakanika akakosha, nzvimbo dzekuongorora uye zvinodiwa zve electrical test.
Mabasa akakosha anofanira kunge akajeka. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo inodzorwa yakadzika kana sinki yekupoterera inofanira kunge iine chiratidzo chepurogiramu yakakodzera uye dhayamita/geometry inodiwa pamwe nekudzika kana ukobvu hwasara uye kushivirira. Maitiro ekusarudza nemunwe wegoridhe anofanira kutaura kutevedzana kwekusarudza kunodiwa uye kurongeka kwenzira. Kuvhara/kuvigwa kuburikidza nekuvaka kunofanirwa kutsanangura kuti kutenderera kwelamination kunogadzira chimiro chimwe nechimwe kuburikidza nechimiro.
Apa ndipo panoshanda CAM engineering iyo inova nzira yekugadzira zvinhu. Kana munhu anofamba mukugadzira zvinhu asina kujeka, vanogadzira zvinhu vanomanikidzwa kutsanangura chinangwa chavo vega. Maitiro akanaka anobvisa kusanzwisisika ikoko zvinhu zvisati zvaburitswa.
Danho rechishanu: Maitiro Ekugadzira PCB Danho nedanho
Mushure mekubvumidzwa kweCAM uye kuburitswa kweMI, kugadzirwa kwemuviri kunotanga. Kutevedzana kunotevera kunotsanangura maitiro akajairika ekugadzira PCB ine machira akawanda. Nzira chaiyo inosiyana zvichienderana nekugadzirwa.
Danho 1: Kugadzirira zvinhu uye kucheka mapaneru
Mativi akaputirwa nemhangura, foil yemhangura uye prepreg zvinosarudzwa zvichienderana nehurongwa hwakagamuchirwa. Kuzivikanwa kwezvinhu, huremu hwemhangura, ukobvu uye kurongeka kwenzvimbo zvinosimbiswa mapaneru asati achekwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwebasa. Ma laminate ane frequency yakakwira uye akasarudzika anogona kuda kuchengeterwa, kubatwa kana kugadziriswa kwepamusoro.
Danho rechipiri: Kufungidzira kwemukati mechikamu
Mufananidzo weCAM wemukati unotamisirwa kuphotoresist uchishandisa laser direct imaging kana imwe nzira yekufungidzira inotenderwa. Zvinangwa zvekunyoresa zvakavakirwa mudata reCAM zvinobatsira kudzora kurongeka kwelayer. Chinangwa ndechekugadzira pateni yeresist ichadzivirira mhangura inotarisirwa kuramba iripo mushure mekuchekwa.
Danho rechitatu: Kucheka kwemukati uye kudzivirira kubvisa
Mhangura isina kudzivirirwa inobviswa nemakemikari, zvichiita kuti patani yemukati memuchina wekufambisa iite. Muchina wekudzivirira unobva wabviswa uye panel inocheneswa. Maparamita ekucheka anodzorwa kuitira kuti geometry yemuchina wekufambisa ienderane neCAM yakabhadharwa pane kungoenderana neCAD nominal dimensions dzepakutanga.
Danho rechina: AOI yemukati
Kuongorora kwe otomatiki kwe optical kunoenzanisa layer yakachekwa ne CAM reference. Maburi, mashoti mapfupi, ma nick, ma protrusions nezvimwe zvikanganiso zve conductor zvinogona kuonekwa lamination isati yatanga, kana layer ichiri kuwanikwa. Iyi checkpoint inodzivirira kuti zvikanganiso zve inner-layer zvisavigwe zvachose mukati me multilayer board.
Danho rechishanu: Kugadziriswa kwebhondi, kurongeka uye kunyoreswa kwezvikamu
Matinji emukati anogadzirwa kuti abatanidzwe uye anoiswa prepreg ne copper foil zvichienderana nehurongwa hwakagamuchirwa. Kurongeka kwematinji uye kurongeka zvinodzorwa nokungwarira. Kune mabhodhi ane matinji akawanda, maitikiro ndipo panova ne electrical stackup inova chimiro chaicho.
Danho rechina: Kuisa jira mulamination
Dura racho rinodzvanywa pasi pedanho rekupisa nekumanikidzwa rinodzorwa. Prepreg resin inoyerera, inozadza nzvimbo dzakatenderedza mhangura uye inonamira kuti ibatane. Ma parameter ekudzvanya anofanira kuenderana nehurongwa hwezvinhu uye kuvakwa. Kuwanda kwemhangura, ukobvu hwe dielectric uye geometry yemhangura ine heavy-copper zvese zvinopesvedzera kuyerera kweresin uye maitiro ekupedzisira eukobvu.
Danho rechinomwe: Kusimbiswa kwekunyoresa uye kuchera
Mushure mekuchekwa kwesimbi, kunyoreswa kunogona kusimbiswa uchishandisa X-ray kana dzimwe nzira dzekufananidza usati wachekwa nemechanical drill. Kuchekwa kweCNC kunogadzira PTH, component uye maburi ekushandisa zvichienderana nechirongwa chekuchekwa chakabhadharwa. Kuchekwa neLaser kunoshandiswa kuma microvias muHDI constructions. Mapurogiramu akakosha anogona kushandiswa kuma countersinks, counterbores uye zvinhu zvakadzika zvakadzorwa.
Danho rechisere: Kugadzirira Desmear nekugadzira maburi pamadziro
Kuboorwa kwemuchina kunoburitsa pachena dielectric uye kunogona kusiya resin smear pa internal copper interfaces. Desmear ne maburi conditioner zvinogadzirira madziro emaburi kuitira kuti metallization inotevera igone kugadzira kubatana kwemagetsi kwakavimbika kune internal copper layers.
Danho rechi9: Kugadziriswa kwesimbi yemhangura isina magetsi uye ine maburi anopinda nepakati
Dura remhangura rakatetepa rinoiswa pamadziro egomba risingafambise mvura, zvichiita kuti mbeu igozogadzirwazve nemhangura. Danho iri rinoshandura gomba rakaboorwa kuita chivakwa chinogona kubatanidza zvidimbu nemagetsi mushure mekuputirwa.
Danho regumi: Kufungidzira kwekunze
Patani yekunze yakabhadharwa inotorwa mufananidzo papaneru. Zvichienderana nenzira yakasarudzwa yekugadzira, fekitori inogona kushandisa patani yekuputira kana imwe nzira yakakodzera. CAM polarity uye sarudzo yemaitiro zvinofanirwa kuenderana nenzira yaunoda yekuputira nekuputira.
Danho 11: Kuputira mhangura uye kuchekerera kwekunze
Mhangura inovakwa kana zvichidikanwa kuti iwane zvinodiwa neconductor uye maburi emadziro. Sisitimu yesimbi inodzivirirwa kwenguva pfupi inozogadziriswa kuitira kuti mhangura isingadiwe igone kubviswa. Mugumisiro wacho unobva wava patani yeconductor yekunze yapera.
Danho regumi nembiri: AOI yekunze
Mhangura yekunze yakapedzwa inoongororwa zvichienderana neCAM reference. Magadzirirwo emitsara mitete, maburi eBGA akakora uye shanduko dzemhangura dzinorema zvinoda mifananidzo yakagadzikana uye kuchekwa nekuti zvikanganiso panguva ino zvinokanganisa zvakananga kubatana kwapera.
Danho 13: Kuisa mask yesolder, kuiisa pachena uye kuiporesa
Masiki yesolder inotorwa nemufananidzo wemvura inoiswa, inotorwa kubva kuCAM solder-mask data, inogadzirwa uye inorapwa. Masiki iyi inodzivirira mhangura kubva mukuoxidation uye kudzora kana solder ichibvumidzwa panguva yekuunganidza. Kunyoresa CAM uye dhizaini yekuvhura kwakakosha pamadziro epitch, mavia uye nzvimbo dzakatarisana.
Danho rechi14: Ngano / silkscreen
Zviratidzo zvemareferensi, zviratidzo zvepolarity, malogo, makodhi emazuva nezvimwe zviratidzo zvakatenderwa zvinodhindwa kana kutorwa mifananidzo nedhijitari. Ngano yacho inofanira kuramba ichiverengwa pasina kusvibisa nzvimbo dzinogoneka kusungirirwa kana kubata.
Danho rechinomwe: Kupedzisa pamusoro
Mhangura yakaratidzwa inowana magumo akatarwa. Sarudzo dzakawanda dzinosanganisira ENIG, ENEPIG, OSP, HASL isina lead, sirivha yekunyudza, tin yekunyudza uye goridhe rakasimba rakasarudzwa. Kupera kwakakodzera kunoenderana nemaitiro ekubatanidza, pitch yezvikamu, zvinodiwa pakubata, zvinotarisirwa pakuchengetedza, mashandiro eRF uye mutengo.
Kupedzisa kwakasanganiswa kunoda kutevedzana kwakatarwa. Minwe yegoridhe, semuenzaniso, inogona kushandisa goridhe rakasimba rakasarudzwa nepo mamwe bhodhi achiwana rimwe finish rinogoneka kusungirirwa. CAM neMI dzinofanira kupatsanura nzvimbo idzodzo zvakajeka.
Danho rechi16: Kugadzira mapurofayiri, kuronga, kuisa mamakisi eV uye basa remakanika rakakosha
Kuronga kweCNC, kukora kweV kana kupwanya kunoparadzanisa geometry yechigadzirwa kubva pane yekugadzira. Maslots, maficha emucheto, machamfers, macastellations uye mashandiro akadzama anodzorwa zvinoenderana nedata remakanika uye nzira yekushanda. Kutevedzana kwacho kwakakosha kana chinhu chichifanira kuramba chakatsigirwa panguva yekuisa plating kana imwe operation yapfuura.
Danho 17: Kuedzwa kwemagetsi uye kusimbiswa kwe impedance
Kuongororwa kwemagetsi kwePCB kunosimbisa kuenderera mberi uye kuparadzaniswa zvichienderana ne netlist yakatenderwa kana data rekuyedza. Makuponi anodzorwa-anopindira anoyerwa kana zvichidikanwa. Chinangwa ndechekusimbisa kuti maitiro ekugadzira chaiwo akachengetedza network yemagetsi inotsanangurwa nedhizaini.
Danho rechi18: Kuongorora hunhu hwechitarisiko, hwekuona uye hwekupedzisira
Kuongorora kwekupedzisira kunoongorora saizi huru, maburi, chimiro, mamaki, chifukidzo chesolder, kupedzisa, basa rekugadzira nezvimwe zvinodiwa nevatengi. Kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa kana kupatsanurwa kwezvidimbu kunogona kushandiswa kusimbisa maitiro, kupihwa chitupa kana zvinodiwa zvekuvimbika zvakanyanya.
Danho 19: Kuchenesa, kurongedza uye kuburitsa
Mabhodhi anotenderwa anocheneswa, anodzivirirwa kubva mukubatwa uye kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza, akanyorwa kuti aonekwe zvakanaka uye anoputirwa zvichienderana nekugadzirwa uye zvinodiwa nevatengi. Panguva ino maitiro ekugadzira maPCB asina bhodhi apera.
Mufananidzo 2. Kufamba Kwemaitiro Ekugadzira PCB
Matavi Akakosha Ekugadzira PCB
Kuyerera kwekutanga kuri pamusoro apa ifuremu. Mabhodhi epamusoro anowedzera marobho ekugadzirisa kana zvidzoro zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa panguva yeCAM pane kuwanikwa pasi pechitoro.
HDI uye sequential lamination
Kugadzira maPCB eHDI kunogona kushandisa ma microvia asina kujeka, ma vias akavigwa, ma microvia akarongwa kana akarongwa uye zvivakwa zvinopinda mupad. Magadzirirwo aya anogona kuda kudzokororwa kwekugadzirwa kwe sub-board, lamination, laser drilling, metallization uye imaging. Mainjiniya weCAM anofanira kurongedza via yega yega kusvika padanho rakakodzera re lamination uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti stackup inogona kugadzirwa panyama nenzira yakatarwa. Kugona kweHighleap kugadzira HDI PCB kwakagadzirirwa magadzirirwo anoda rudzi urwu rwe connectivity structure inodzorwa.
Kugadzirwa kwePCB yemhangura ine mhangura
Kugadzirwa kwePCB yemhangura ine mhangura inorema kunochinja maitiro ekucheka kwemuchina, kuputira, kuzadza resin uye maitiro ekuisa lamination. Kusiyana kukuru kwekuwanda kwemhangura kwakaoma kudzvanya zvakaenzana, uye nzvimbo dzakatetepa dzinova dzakaoma kuchengetedza sezvo ukobvu hwemhangura huchiwedzera. Saka vagadziri vanofanira kukurukura zvinodiwa pari zvino, huremu hwemhangura uye geometry shoma pamwe chete pachinzvimbo chekuzvisarudza vega.
Kugadzirwa kweRF uye PCB yepamusoro-soro
Kugadzira PCB kwakajairika kunowanzo shandisa Rogers, Taconic, Arlon kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha, dzimwe nguva mu hybrid stackups ne FR-4. Kuboorwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kugadzirira pamusoro uye lamination zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo, uye impedance geometry inofanira kupedziswa ichipesana ne production stack chaiyo. Nechikonzero ichi, CAM/DFM ongororo inofanira kuitika usati wanyatsoomeswa neRF layout.
Rigid-flex PCB kugadzira
Kugadzirwa kwePCB kwakasimba kunowedzera zvinhu zvinochinjika, chifukidziro, chisungo chakasarudzwa uye nzvimbo dzekuchinja michina. Mainjiniya weCAM anofanira kuona miganhu yakasimba-kuchinjika, nzvimbo dzakakombama, geometry yemhangura, nzvimbo dzakavhurika chifukidziro, zvinodiwa zvekuomesa uye kutevedzana kwenzira dzekufambisa. Izvi zvinoshandura zvese tsananguro yechikamu uye kuyerera kwekugadzirwa kwemashini.
Zvinhu zvinodzora kudzika, sinki inogadziriswa uye simbi inogadziriswa
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinodzorwa nekudzika kwechinhu zvinofanira kutsanangurwa ne geometry, nzvimbo, kushivirira uye kudzika kwacho kusingatsananguriki. Dhirowa inoratidza chiratidzo chegrafiki chete haina kukwana pakuronga kweCNC kwakavimbika. Kana mutengi akataura ukobvu hwechinhu hwasara panzvimbo pekudzika kwechinhu, chinyorwa chekugadzira chinofanira kutaura zvakajeka kuti CAM ne machining zvinoshandisa referensi imwe chete.
Nzvimbo dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi, ma castellations uye mapuranga emucheto
Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisa kuputira kwemagetsi nekugadzira kwekupedzisira kwemechanical. CAM inofanirwa kusarudza kuti chinhu chacho chinoboorwa riini kana kuti chinofambiswa sei, kuti chinoramba chakabatana sei panguva yekuputira uye kuti mupendero wapera unoonekwa sei. Nzvimbo yazvo inogonawo kukanganisa kuumbwa kwepaneru uye dhizaini yekuputsika.
Zvinofanira Kuzivikanwa Nevagadziri vePCB Kuti Unyanzvi hweCAM Hukurumidze uye Huve Hwakachengeteka
Mugadziri haafanire kuva mushandi weCAM. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa sarudzo dzekugadzira dzinofanirwa kuitwa neCAM kunobatsira mugadziri kugadzira data rinosvika pakugadzirwa pasina mibvunzo yakawanda yeinjiniya.
| Sarudzo yekugadzira PCB | Zvinofanira kuongororwa neinjiniya weCAM | Maitiro ari nani ekugadzira/kuburitsa |
|---|---|---|
| Nzvimbo shoma uye zvisaririra | Kurema kwemhangura, maitiro ekucheka, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kana kuti zvakawandisa uye kugona kwekugadzira zvinhu mufekitori. | Shandisa kugona kwakajairika kwekuita zvinhu pese pazvinogoneka; chengetedza hunyanzvi hushoma hwenzvimbo dzakasimba zvechokwadi. |
| Kuburikidza nepedhi uye mhete ye annular | Kuboorera kwekugadzira, muripo wekuisa maplate, kushivirira kuboorera uye kunyoreswa kwezvikamu. | Dhizaini ine muganho wekugadzira, kunyanya pamachira emukati uye maburi ane chiyero chepamusoro. |
| Kubvisa buri kubva pamhangura kuenda paburi | Saizi chaiyo yekuboorera kugadzirwa uye kushivirira kwenzvimbo, kwete gomba rakapedzwa chete. | Yera nzvimbo dzakacheneswa uchishandisa fungidziro dzechokwadi dzekugadzira uye dzvanya kuti dzikwane kana kuti maburi akakosha. |
| PTH neNPTH | Kubhadhara kwakasiyana uye nzira yekufambisa maitiro. | Zviparadzanise zvakajeka mudata rekushandisa drill uye muzvinyorwa zvekugadzira. |
| Nzvimbo dzinoiswa maburi nemaburi asina kurongeka | Chimiro chakaputirwa/chisina kuputirwa, kugona kwekushandisa, mhete ye annular uye kutevedzana kwemaitiro. | Dimension yapera muganhu wenzvimbo yacho wobva wataura kana ichifanira kuputirwa. |
| Madhamu eSolder-mask uye kuburikidza nekurapwa | Kubvumidzwa kwekunyoresa, upamhi hwedhamu rinogadzirwa uye kana mavhairasi akavhurika, akavharirwa, akavharirwa kana kuti akazadzwa. | Taura mashandiro azvo kuburikidza nekurapwa zvakananga; usavimba nekuvhurika kweGerber netsaona. |
| Sikirini pamusoro pemapedhi | Kubviswa kweinki uye kuchekwa otomatiki. | Chengeta ngano yekuongorora kubatanidzwa kure nemapedhi emhangura akafumurwa uye anogona kusanganiswa. |
| V-score / nzira yekuronga | Kubva kumhangura kusvika kumucheto, kubviswa kwechikamu, ukobvu hwebhodhi, kutarisana kwemamaki uye kugadzikana kwearray. | Tsanangura nzira yekubvisa mapaneti uye chengetedza zvinhu zvinopfava/zvinorema zviri pedyo nemitsetse yakapwanyika. |
| Zvigunwe zvegoridhe | Kupedzisa kwekusarudza, kubatana kweplating, chamfer uye kutevedzana kwemaitikiro. | Tsanangura nzvimbo yakaoma-goridhe, chimiro cheminwe uye chamfer; taura zvirambidzo pakubatanidza kwepuratifomu kwenguva pfupi. |
| Kudzora impedance | Sisitimu chaiyo ye dielectric, mhangura yakapedzwa, trace compensation uye reference plane. | Ipa chinangwa/kushivirira uye tsvaga mambure; bvumira kugadzirisa stackup kana zvichibvira. |
| Mhangura inorema | Chinhu chekucheka, nzvimbo, kuzadza resin uye kuenzana kwemhangura. | Wedzera muganho wejometri uye dzivisa misiyano mikuru isingadzoreki yekuwanda kwemhangura. |
| Zvinhu zvinofambiswa nemhepo zvakanyanya | Kuwanikwa kwezvinhu, ukobvu, kuboora, kubatana uye maitiro ehukuru. | Kiya mhuri/zvinodiwa zvechinhu chaicho chete kana zvichidikanwa nemagetsi; kana zvisina kudaro bvumira zvinhu zvakaenzana zvakabvumidzwa nechibvumirano. |
| Kugadzira michina yakadzama | Maitiro ezvishandiso, nzvimbo yekutaridza, kudzika/ukobvu hwasara uye kushivirira. | Ipa mufananidzo wakazara uye tsananguro imwe chete, isina kujeka yehudzamu. |
| Bhodhi gobvu | Dielectric yakadzvanywa, kuvakwa kwemhangura, machira ekuputira uye kushivirira kuunganidzwa kwemagetsi. | Ratidza ukobvu hwakapedzwa uye kushivirira; rega mugadziri agadzire chivakwa chakadzama kuti chienderane nacho. |
| Kugoverwa kwemhangura | Chiyero chemhangura yasara, kudiwa kweresin, kuenzana kweukobvu uye njodzi yekudonha kwemvura. | Shandisa mhangura yakayerwa kana basa redunhu richibvumira uye ongororai misanganiswa yemhangura yakaderera/mhangura inorema nekukurumidza. |
Sei "kugadzirwa kusvika padanho repamusoro" kuchigona kukonzera matambudziko ekugadzira
Sisitimu yePCB CAD inowanzo miririra chinangwa chapera. Fekitori inofanira kugadzira mhedzisiro yacho kuburikidza nemaitiro anowedzera nekubvisa zvinhu. Kuisa maburi kunoderedza dhayamita yakaboorwa. Kucheka kunobvisa mhangura kumativi. Kuisa lamination kunochinja ukobvu hwe dielectric. Kurapa pamusoro uye chifukidzo chesolder zvinowedzera zvidimbu zvemuviri. CAM compensation iripo kuti ivhare mhedzisiro iyoyo.
Saka hukama hwemugadziri neCAM hunobudirira zvikuru hunoshanda kubva pane zvinodiwa zvakapedzwa pamwe chete nemhedzisiro yemaitiro . Mugadziri anofanira kutsanangura zvakajeka zvinofanira kunge zviri zvechokwadi mubhodhi rakapedzwa; mainjiniya weCAM anofanira kutsanangura data rekugadzirwa rakabhadharwa rinodiwa kuti ribudirire.
Mibvunzo Yakajairika yeCAM Engineering uye Nei Ichiitika
Mibvunzo yeinjiniya haisiyo nguva dzose humbowo hwekugadzira kwakashata. Ndiyo nzira yepamutemo yekudzivirira data risinganzwisisike kuti risave sarudzo dzekugadzira dzisingadzoreki. Zvikonzero zvakajairika zvinosanganisira kusawirirana pakati pedhirowa nedata reGerber, tsananguro isina kujeka yePTH/NPTH, saizi yegomba rakapedzwa rinopesana nehukuru hwepad, kusakwana kwekubvisa copper kubva pagomba kuenda kugomba kana copper-to-edge, chinangwa che impedance chisingaenderane ne stackup yakapihwa, nzvimbo isina kutsanangurwa yeplated, kukakavadzana kwesurface-finish, kugadziriswa kwemagadzirirwo akasiyana, kana chimiro chemakanika chisina ruzivo rwekudzika/kushivirira.
Mapoka ekugadzira anogona kuderedza nguva yekupindura nekupindura maEQ muzvikamu zvakafanana uye kuronga mareferensi anoshandiswa mupakeji yekugadzira uye nekudzosa imwe chete yakagadziriswa yakagadziriswa pane kutevedzana kwemapatches emafaira asina hukama.
Zvinobuda muCAM Zvinotungamira Fekitori yePCB
Mushure mekubvumidzwa, CAM inogadzira zvinopfuura "Gerber yekugadzira." Seti yakazara yedata rekugadzira inogona kusanganisira mafaira ekufungidzira emukati nekunze, mapurogiramu ekudhirowa akabhadharwa, mapurogiramu enzira, data reV-score, panel arrays, solder-mask uye data relegend, data reAOI reference, electrical-test netlists, impedance coupons, layer-registration targets, ma tooling features uye mafaira akagadzirirwa mashandiro chaiwo.
Mufambi weERP/MI anobatanidza mafaira iwayo nehurongwa hwakafanana. Dhizaini imwechete yePCB inogona kuda nzira yakasiyana zvichienderana nekuti inoshandisa maburi akajairwa here, ma-vias akavigwa/akavigwa, resin-filled via-in-pad, gold yakasarudzwa, edge plating, controlled-depth routing kana zvinhu zvakakosha. Ndosaka CAM nekuronga maitiro zviri mukati memaitiro ekugadzira PCB, kwete kunze kwayo.
Kubva paPCB Yakapedzwa kusvika paPCB Assembly
Kugadzirwa kwePCB kunogadzira bhodhi redunhu risina chinhu rakadhindwa. Kubatanidzwa kwePCB kunotanga mushure mekunge bhodhi risina chinhu rapasa kuongororwa kwekupedzisira. Kana kugadzirwa nekusanganiswa kwacho zvabatanidzwa, sarudzo dzeCAM dzinogonawo kutsigira kushanda zvakanaka kweSMT nekufunga nezvemapaneru, mafiducial, maburi ekushandisa, pamusoro pezvikamu uye kubviswa kwemapaneru.
Maitiro akajairika ekubatanidza PCB anosanganisira kuongorora kunouya, kudhinda nekuisa solder, SPI kana zvichidikanwa, kusarudza-nekuisa, kusanganisa zvakare, AOI, kuongorora X-ray yezvikamu zvakavanzika zvakaita seBGA/QFN, kupinza maburi nepakati uye kusanganisa mafungu/kusarudza/nemaoko sezvinodiwa, kuchenesa, kuronga uye kuyedza kushanda. Chirongwa chekubatanidza PCB chinogonawo kubatanidza kuwanikwa kwezvikamu uye kubatanidzwa kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
Kuchengetedza kugadzira nekugadzira mainjiniya kwakabatana kunonyanya kubatsira kune via-in-pad, fine-pitch BGA, press-fit connectors, selective finishes, edge connectors uye mapaneti dhizaini anofanira kupfuura nemumichina yeSMT inogadzirwa otomatiki.
Rondedzero Yekugadzira PCB Isati Yaburitswa Yevagadziri vePCB
- Simbisa kuti faira rega rega rekugadzira ndere dhizaini imwe chete.
- Ipa bhodhi rakajeka risina mativi akafanana kana anopikisa.
- Ziva PTH, NPTH, slots, microvias, blind vias uye burden vias zvisina kujeka.
- Taura saizi dzemaburi akapedzwa uye kushivirira kwemaburi akakosha.
- Tarisa rin'i ye annular uchishandisa realistic drill uye registration allowance.
- Tarisa nzvimbo dzakavhurika kubva paburi kuenda kumhangura uye mhangura kusvika kumucheto, kwete chete CAD DRC defaults.
- Gadzirisa mutsetse/nzvimbo yakaenzana nehuremu hwemhangura hwakasarudzwa uye tekinoroji yebhodhi.
- Tsanangura ukobvu hwebhodhi rapera uye kushivirira.
- Ipai muunganidzwa wezvinhu kana kuti bvumidzai mugadziri kuti ape imwe.
- Tsvaga mambure anodzorwa-anopinzwa, zvinangwa uye zvinotenderwa.
- Mamiriro ekugadzirisa: yakavhurika, yakavharirwa, yakavharirwa, yakazadzwa neresin/yakavharirwa kana zvimwe.
- Chengeta sikirini yesiriki kure nemapedhi anogoneka kuputirwa uye nzvimbo dzinosangana.
- Tsanangura kupedzisa kwepamusoro, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzegoridhe rakaoma kana nzvimbo dzakasanganiswa.
- Nzvimbo dzakaputirwa nehukuru, castellations, edge plating uye zvinhu zvakakosha zvemucheto.
- Tsanangura zvizere nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa mafambiro emvura, nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa mafambiro emvura uye nzira dzinodzorwa dzakadzika.
- Ongorora kuenzana kwemhangura pamagadzirirwo emhangura yakawanda uye mhangura inorema.
- Tsanangura zvinodiwa zveV-score, routing, tabs kana array inopihwa nevatengi.
- Ipa ruzivo rwenetlist/ruzivo rwepfungwa kana rwuripo kuti zvionekwe kuti kubatana kwacho kwakabatana sei.
- Bvisai machira emakanika akare, mamepu ekuboorera uye manotsi ekare ekugadzirisa kubva mupakeji yekuburitsa.
- Gadzirisa mibvunzo yeinjiniya yeCAM usati waburitsa data rekugadzira.
Maitiro Ekuchinja Kwemaitiro Ekugadzira PCB Nerudzi rweBhodhi
| Bhodhi mhando | Musiyano wekuita kukuru | CAM/pfungwa yekugadzira |
|---|---|---|
| Kaviri-mativi PCB | Hapana kurongeka kwema "cores" emukati ane ma "layer" akawanda; simbi inobatanidza mativi maviri emhangura. | Tsanangudzo yePTH/NPTH, mufananidzo wekunze, plating uye profile. |
| Multilayer pcb | Inowedzera inner-layer imaging/AOI, layup, lamination uye internal registration control. | Kuisa zvinhu muzvikamu, kuenzana kwemhangura, mhete ye annular uye nzvimbo yekubvisa maburi kubva padanho remukati kusvika padanho remukati. |
| HDI pcb | Inowedzera kugadzirwa kwe microvia ne laser uye kazhinji kacho kutenderera kwe lamination. | Kuburikidza nechimiro nekufamba kwe lamination, kugadziriswa ne-in-pad, mutsetse mutete/nzvimbo uye kunyoreswa. |
| PCB yemhangura inorema | Inoda kuchekwa kwakaoma, kuputirwa kwepurasitiki uye kudzora kuyerera kwemvura. | Mutsetse/nzvimbo vs huremu hwemhangura, huwandu hwemhangura uye kuzara kwelamination. |
| RF / microwave PCB | Inoshandisa masisitimu ezvinhu zvinorasikirwa zvishoma kana kuti zvakasanganiswa zvine simba remagetsi rakasimba. | Tsanangudzo yezvinhu, impedance inodzorwa, profile yemhangura uye kuenderana kwestackup. |
| Rigid-flex PCB | Inosanganisa masisitimu ezvinhu akaomarara uye anochinjika ane nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzekubatanidza uye nzvimbo dzekuchinja kwemechanical. | Muganhu wakasimba/unochinjika, nzvimbo yekufukidza, nzvimbo yekukombama, zvinosimbisa, nzira yekufambisa uye yekumonera. |
Kwakavakirwa Hunhu Hwakanaka Mukugadzirwa kwePCB
Kuvimbiswa kwemhando yePCB hakusi kuongorora kwekupedzisira kumwe chete. Inzira yekudzivirira nekusimbisa. CAM DFM inodzivirira geometry isingaenderane nezvinodiwa kuti ipinde mukugadzirwa. Inner-layer AOI inodzivirira makondakita asina kunaka kuti afukidzwe. Registration control inodzivirira layer-to-buri alignment. Plating control inodzivirira maburi-madziro. Outer AOI inobata zvikanganiso zvekondakita isati yasolder mask. Electrical equipment experienced test inosimbisa network. Final dimensional uye visual review inosimbisa kuti bhodhi rinosanganawo nezvinodiwa zvemakanika uye zvebasa.
Ndosaka maitiro ekugadzira maPCB akasimba kwazvo akagadzirwa achitenderedza nzvimbo dzekutarisa. Kuongorora kwega kwega kunofanirwa kuona mhando yezvikanganiso zvinogona kugadziriswa kana kugadziriswa panguva iyoyo pane kuvimba nemuongorori wekupedzisira kuti aone zvese mushure mekunge mutengo webhodhi watowanda.
Mashandisirwo Anoitwa Highleap muUinjiniya hwekugadzira PCB
Highleap Electronics inotsigira mabasa ekugadzira maPCB kubva pakugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, HDI, controlled-impedance, heavy-copper, high-frequency nezvimwe zvakagadzirwa zvepamusoro. Ruzivo rwekugona kweHighleap rwakaburitswa runosanganisira mabhodhi akaomarara anosvika makumi matanhatu uye kugona kweHDI kunosvika 2/2 mil yemagadzirirwo akakodzera; kugadzirwa chaiko kunoenderana nehuremu hwemhangura, stackup, kugoverwa kwezvinhu uye ongororo yeDFM.
Kune mainjiniya vanoongorora chivakwa, nzvimbo yekutanga inobatsira zvikuru haisi tafura inokwanisa kugadzika chete. Tumirai dhizaini yakazara kuitira kuti timu yeCAM ikwanise kuongorora dhizaini sehurongwa: kuvaka layer, line/space, madrill, annular rings, maburi egomba kusvika kumhangura, board edge, solder mask, surface finish, impedance, mechanical features uye panelization.
Kune mapurojekiti anoenderera mberi kunze kwebhodhi, Highleap inogona kutakura data rekugadzira rakaburitswa muPCB assembly kana muchirongwa chePCB assembly , ichichengetedza kugadzirwa, kuwanikwa kwezvikamu, kuunganidza uye zvinodiwa zvebvunzo pasi pebasa rimwe chete reinjiniya.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezvemaitiro Ekugadzira PCB
MaPCB anogadzirwa sei?
MaPCB emuindasitiri anogadzirwa nekushandura data rePCB kuita data rekugadzira CAM, kugadzira zvinhu zvakaputirwa nemhangura, kuisa mifananidzo uye kuchekerera ma conductor layers, kuisa laminating multilayer structures, kuboora nekuboora simbi, kugadzira ma layers ekunze, kuisa solder mask nekupedzisa surface, kuongorora bhodhi, kuriedza nemagetsi uye kupedzisa kuongorora kwekupedzisira. Mabhodhi epamusoro anogona kuwedzera laser drilling, sequential lamination, kuburikidza nekuzadza, selective plating kana special mechanical operations.
Chii chinonzi CAM mukugadzirwa kwePCB?
CAM, kana kuti computer-aid manufacturing engineering, ndiyo nhanho inoshandura data rePCB revatengi kuita data rakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa. Mainjiniya eCAM vanoita ongororo dzeDFM, vanogadzirisa data re layer ne drill, vanoshandisa muripo wekugadzira wakatenderwa, vanogadzira mapaneru nemidziyo, vanogadzira mafaira emuchina uye vanotsigira nzira yeERP/MI inoshandiswa nefekitori.
Ko CAM yakafanana neyakagadzirwa nePCB here?
Kwete. Dhizaini yePCB inotsanangura chinangwa chedunhu uye chigadzirwa. CAM engineering inogadzirira dhizaini iyoyo yemaitiro chaiwo ekugadzira. CAM inofanira kuchengetedza dhizaini inoshanda uku ichitarisa mifananidzo, etching, drilling, plating, lamination, solder mask, profiling uye zvinodiwa zvekuyedza.
Sei dhizaini ichigona kupfuura CAD DRC asi yokundikana PCB DFM?
CAD DRC inotarisa mitemo yakagadzirirwa nemugadziri. Factory DFM inotarisa dhizaini zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo ekugadzira akadai sehuremu hwemhangura, muripo wekuboorera, kushivirira kunyoreswa, chimiro chelamination, kugona kwe solder-mask, nzira yekuisa plating, panelization uye maitiro akakosha. Saka mutemo weCAD unogona kuva wemagetsi asi usina kukwana kubva pamaonero ekugadzira.
Sei mugadziri wePCB achichinja upamhi hwetrace kana saizi yekuboorera muCAM?
Vagadziri vanogona kushandisa muripo wakarongwa kuitira kuti bhodhi rakapedzwa risangane nehukuru hwaro mushure mekuchekwa nekuputirwa. Semuenzaniso, hunyanzvi hwekunze hunogona kuda muripo wekuputirwa, nepo chibooreso chekugadzira gomba rakaputirwa chinogona kusiyana negomba rakapedzwa nekuti mhangura inozoiswa pamadziro egomba gare gare. Shanduko dzekushanda kunze kwemuripo wekugadzira wakabvumiranwa dzinofanira kusimbiswa nemutengi.
Mafaira api andinofanira kutumira ekugadzira PCB?
Pakeji yakasimba yekuburitsa zvinhu inowanzo sanganisira data remhangura, solder-mask uye legend; mafaira ekuboorera eNC; bhodhi rekugadzira; dhizaini yekugadzira; layer stackup; finished thickness; copper requirements; surface finish; controlled-impedance requirements; special mechanical notes; uye netlist kana intelligent data set kana iripo. Mafaira ese anofanira kuratidza revision imwechete.
Chii chinokonzera mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro peCAM engineering?
Zvikonzero zvinowanzo sanganisira kugadziriswa kusingawirirane, mamiriro asina kujeka ePTH/NPTH, rin'i ye annular kana gomba kubva kumhangura kusvika kugomba, nzvimbo dzisina kujeka kana zvinhu zvakadzika zvakadzorwa, kusawirirana kwenzvimbo, zvinodiwa zve stackup/impedance zvisina kujeka, mhangura iri pedyo zvakanyanya ne routed edge uye zvinyorwa zvekugadzira zvisingawirirane nedata rekugadzira chairo.
Kugadzirwa kwePCB ndekwemaitiro ekugadzira PCB here?
Mumashoko akanyatsojeka, kugadzirwa kwePCB kunoita kuti bhodhi rive risina chinhu uye PCB assembly inoisa zvikamu pairi. Mukushanda kwekugadzira electronics, zvikamu zvinotevedzana zvecheni imwe chete yekugadzira. Kuzvibatanidza nekukurumidza kunobatsira kugadzirisa panelization, fiducials, kuburikidza nekurapa, kupedzisa pamusoro uye kubvisa mapanelization yeSMT uye through-hole assembly.
Tumira Dhizaini Usati Fekitori Yavaka Bhodhi
Maitiro ekukurumidza ekugadzira maPCB haasi iwo ane matanho mashoma ekugadzira. Ndiwo anobvisa kusava nechokwadi usati watanga kugadzira. Tumira Highleap data rako rePCB, stackup, zvinodiwa pakuboorera uye manotsi ekugadzira kuti uongorore CAM/DFM. Chikwata chedu cheinjiniya chinogona kuona matambudziko ekugadzira, kusimbisa nzira yekushanda uye kubatanidza kugadzirwa kwebhodhi risina chinhu zvakananga kuPCB assembly kana zvichidikanwa.
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Nzira yekuwana sei quote yePCBs
Rega timhanyire DFM/DFA ongororo yako uye tidzokere kwauri neshumo.
Unogona kurodha mafaera ako zvakachengeteka kuburikidza newebhusaiti yedu.
Isu tinoda ruzivo rwunotevera kuti tikupe iwe quote:
-
- Gerber, ODB++, kana .pcb, spec.
- BOM rondedzero kana iwe uchida kusangana
- uwandu
- Kuchinja nguva
Pamusoro pekugadzira PCB, isu tinopa huwandu hwakakwana hwemagetsi masevhisi, anosanganisira PCB dhizaini, PCBA (Yakadhindwa Circuit Board Assembly), uye turnkey mhinduro. Kunyangwe iwe uchida rubatsiro neprototyping, dhizaini yekusimbisa, kutsvagisa chikamu, kana kugadzirwa kwakawanda, isu tinopa yekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo rutsigiro kuti uve nechokwadi chekubudirira kweprojekiti yako. Kune masevhisi ePCBA, ndapota ipa BOM yako (Bhiri reZvinhu) uye chero mirairo yegungano. Isu tinopawo DFM/DFA ongororo yekukwidziridza zvigadziriso zvako zvekugadzira uye kusangana, kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakatsetseka kwekugadzira.