Kukosha kwePCB Solder Mask: Mhando, Zvishandiso uye Kufunga Nezvekugadzira

Chifukidzo chePCB chinopfumbira chinopfuura kungovhara chinodzivirira: chinodzora njodzi yekuvharira chifukidzo chesolder, oxidation yemhangura, nzvimbo yekuputira, musiyano wemavara, mhando yekusangana, uye kuvimbika kwebhodhi kwenguva refu. Highleap Electronics inoongorora mhando yemasikisi esolder, upamhi hwedhamu, kushivirira kwekuvhura, kuenderana kwepeji yepamusoro, zvinodiwa zvebhodhi rinochinjika kana rakaomarara, uye zvinodiwa zvekutarisa zvisati zvagadzirwa; ruzivo rwakabatana rwunofukidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemasikisi esolder uye kusarudzwa kwePCB pamusoro pekupedzisa .

Chii chinonzi PCB Soldermask?

PCB soldermask, inozivikanwawo sekuti solder resist kana solder stop, chinhu chakakosha chePCBs. Iyo yakatetepa, inodzivirira layer yepolymer zvinhu iyo inoshandiswa pamusoro pePCB, inoshanda sechivharo kurwisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, senge hunyoro, guruva, uye oxidation. Basa rekutanga re soldermask nderokudzivirira mabhiriji ekutengesa kubva pakuumbwa panguva yekugadzira, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumatunhu mapfupi uye kukanganisa kushanda kwese kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi.

Masiki yesolder inoshanda sedziviriro huru kubva mukuora uye oxidation yePCB dzako. Nekuderedza kudzikira kwekushanda uye kudzikira kwehupenyu hwekushanda kwemagetsi, ine mhedzisiro pamhando yePCB. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, mask yesolder inodzivirira kugadzirwa kwemabhiriji esolder nekugadzira chipingamupinyi panguva yekuungana pakati pemajoini akasungirirwa nezvimwe zvikamu zvinofambisa simba zvePCB. Masiki esolder haawanzo kuwanikwa pamaseketi akagadzirwa nemaoko, asi anogara achionekwa pamaPCB akavakwa akawanda uye akasungirirwa achishandisa michina yakaita semabhati esolder. Iyo solder mask iPCB layer yakasiyana mukugadzirwa kwePCB, yakafanana ne copper ne silkscreen layers.

Mhando dzePCB Soldermask Zvishandiso

Solder mask zvinhu zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuita kwese uye kuvimbika kwePCB. Mhando dzinoverengeka dze soldermask zvinhu zviripo, imwe neimwe iine hunhu hwayo.

Epoxy Liquid

Epoxy liquid soldermask ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya soldermask zvinhu muPCB indasitiri. Iyo ine maviri-zvikamu sisitimu, kazhinji inosanganisira epoxy resin uye yakaoma. Kana vakasanganiswa pamwechete, vanogadzira mvura inogona kuiswa pamusoro pePCB.

Mabhenefiti makuru e epoxy liquid solder mask ndeyekunamatira kwayo kwakanaka, kuramba makemikari zvakanaka, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari. Pamusoro pezvo, epoxy liquid inopa nzvimbo yakatsetseka, yakafanana, iyo yakakodzera zvikamu zve fine-pitch uye magadzirirwo akaomarara ePCB.

Dry Film

Dry film soldermask is pre-laminated, photoimageable material inowanikwa mumasheets kana rolls. Iyo inoumbwa neakatetepa layer yephotoactive polymer, yakasungirirwa pakati peinodzivirira polyester firimu uye yekuburitsa liner. Iyo yakaoma firimu inoshandiswa kune PCB pamusoro uchishandisa lamination process, iyo inonamatira iyo photoactive layer kune bhodhi.

Zvakanakira zveyakaoma firimu soldermask zvinosanganisira kunyoreswa kwakanyatso uye kurongeka, kugadziridzwa kwakanakisa kweiyo yakanaka-pitch zvikamu, uye kuderedzwa kwengozi yekusvibiswa panguva yekushandisa. Nekudaro, yakaoma firimu soldermask inogona kudhura uye isingachinjiki kana ichienzaniswa ne epoxy fluid, ichiita kuti isanyanya kukodzera kune mamwe maapplication uye PCB magadzirirwo.

Liquid Photoimamageable Soldermask (LPSM)

High-end soldermasks inoshandisa photolithography process, yakafanana neyo inoshandiswa mu photoresist exposure mu semiconductor kugadzira, pamwe nefirimu yakaoma kana soldermask yemvura. Iyo yakanyanya hupfumi yekushandisa nzira yeLPSM ndeyekupfapfaidza pamusoro pebhodhi kana kuishandisa senge epoxy. Asi, pane nzira inoshandisa lithography kutsanangura kuvhurwa kwe soldermask kwema pads, vias, uye maburi akanyatsojeka.

Nenzira yeLPSM, unofanira kushandura mafaira eGerber kuita maski emifananidzo maererano neakasarudzwa soldermask. Kuti ubvise guruva kubva kune soldermask rave rakaoma, iwe unofanirwawo kuchenesa zvakakwana bhodhi repanelization. Zvakare, shandisa iyo LPSM yemvura kupfekedza zvizere mapaneru ako.

MaPCB anofanirwa kuomeswa muovheni mushure mekuvharwa nemapanera asati aiswa pane yekuvandudza UV. Zvekare, usati wavhenekera UV mwenje paPCB yakaoma, gadzirisa mask yemifananidzo pamusoro payo. UV mwenje unoshandiswa kurapa iyo yakafumurwa LPSM zvinhu nepo solvent inoshandiswa kubvisa nzvimbo dzakavharwa kuti dzigadzire yakasimba soldermask layer.

PCB Soldermask Application Techniques

Maitiro akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa muPCB indasitiri yekushandisa soldermask, imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Sarudzo yehunyanzvi hwekushandisa soldermask zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sePCB dhizaini, vhoriyamu yekugadzira, uye zvakanangana nezvinodiwa. Heano mamwe akajairika soldermask application matekiniki:

Screen kudhinda

Mukudhinda pachidzitiro, inki ne solder paste zvinotamiswa uchishandisa chishandiso, senge mesh kana stencil, pamusoro pePCB kana mumaPCB vias nema microvias. Iyi inzira inodhura zvishoma uye iri nyore yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvidiki kusvika pakati nepakati. Zvisinei, inogona kusapa mwero wakafanana wekururama uye resolution yezvikamu zve fine-pitch uye magadzirirwo ePCB ane density yakakura.

Curtain Coating

Curtain coating yave kuwedzera kukurumbira sezvo maPCB akura zvakanyanya kuomarara nehupamhi hwetrack density uye diki track hupamhi. Iyo PCB yakaputirwa nemvura inogoneka (LPI) ichishandisa keteni-jasi maitiro sezvo ichipfuura nepakati pebepa reyakaderera-viscosity inki inowira nepakati diki. Iyi nzira inoderedza soldermask kurasikirwa kwezvinhu uye inogona kushandisa zvinhu nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Nekudaro, zvinogona kuguma ne "mumvuri," zvichikonzera mutsauko mukukobvu kwekuputira.

Spray Coating

Kupfapfaidza kupfekedza kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwepfuti yekupfapfaidza kana nozzle kugovera soldermask zvinhu zvakaenzana paPCB. Inopa chaiyo kutonga pamusoro pe soldermask application, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera maPCB ane zvimiro zvisina kujairika kana dhizaini yakaoma. Yakafanira nozzle kureba, pfapfaidzo patani, uye viscosity yezvinhu zvakakosha kune chero application.

Electrostatic Spray Coating

Electrostatic spray coating inzira yakasarudzika inochaja iyo soldermask zvinhu nemunda wemagetsi. Iyo yakachajiswa zvinhu inokwezvwa kune dzakadzika nzvimbo dzebhodhi, kugadzira yunifomu uye chaiyo coating. Iyi tekinoroji inopa yakanakisa kurongeka uye kufukidzwa, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakakwira-density PCB. Nekudaro, inogona kudhura zvakanyanya uye inoda hunyanzvi michina.

Imwe neimwe soldermask application tekinoroji ine yakasarudzika mabhenefiti uye painogumira, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuti usarudze nzira yakakodzera kune yako chaiyo PCB purojekiti zvinodiwa. Nekunzwisisa kugona uye kutengeserana-yega yega tekinoroji, unogona kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo dzinova nechokwadi chemhando yepamusoro uye kushanda kwePCB yako solder mask.

PCB Soldermask Dhizaini Kufunga

Kugadzira PCB kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha, uye soldermask inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kushanda kwakakodzera uye kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Kana uchibatanidza soldermask muPCB dhizaini yako, zvakakosha kuti utarise zvinhu zvakati wandei, sekusarudza zvinhu, ukobvu, kushivirira, uye zvinodiwa zvemvumo. Heano mamwe akakosha ekugadzirisa dhizaini:

Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu

Sarudza soldermask zvinhu zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakadai sekugadzikana kwekupisa, makemikari kuramba, kushanduka, uye magetsi ekudzivirira. Ongorora PCB yako kushanda nharaunda uye zvinodiwa kuti usarudze akanyatsokodzera zvinhu. Bvunza nemugadziri wako wePCB kuti unzwisise zviripo soldermask zvinhu zvingasarudzwa uye kuenderana kwavo nedhizaini yako chaiyo.

Soldermask Ukobvu

Ukobvu hweiyo soldermask layer hunogona kukanganisa kuita kwePCB kwese. Tevera IPC nhungamiro ye soldermask ukobvu kurudziro. Bvunza nemugadziri wako wePCB kuti uone kukwanisika kwe soldermask ukobvu hwekugadzira kwako uye kugadzira maitiro.

Tolerances uye Kunyoresa

Soldermask kushivirira uye kunyoreswa kunobata basa rakakosha mukurongeka kwakaringana kweiyo soldermask layer ine iri pasi pemhangura mitsetse uye mapads. Shandisa zvakakodzera soldermask dhizaini mitemo uye tolerances kwakavakirwa PCB mugadziri wako kugona. Sanganisira fiducial mamaki kana kurongeka maficha mune yako PCB dhizaini kuti ifambise kwakaringana soldermask kunyoresa panguva yekugadzira.

Soldermask Clearances uye Openings

Tsanangura kubvumidzwa kwe soldermask uye kuvhurika zvichienderana nechikamu padhi saizi, zvinodikanwa zvekutengesa, uye kushivirira kwekugadzira. Sanganisira mamwe mazaruro ebvunzo mapoinzi, fiducial mamaki, kana zvimwe zvinoshanda zvinodiwa sezvinodiwa.

Nekunyatsofunga izvi soldermask dhizaini dhizaini, unogona kukwidziridza PCB yako dhizaini yekuita, kuvimbika, uye kugadzira. Kushanda padhuze nemugadziri wako wePCB uye kunzwisisa zvavanogona uye zvavasingakwanisi kuchakubatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo mukati memaitiro ese ekugadzira, zvichizoguma nechigadzirwa chepamusoro chekupedzisira.

PCB Soldermask Kuongorora uye Kudzora Kwemhando

Kuve nechokwadi chemhando uye kuenderana kweiyo soldermask layer paPCB kwakakosha pakushanda kwebhodhi uye kuvimbika. Kuti zvizadzise izvi, zvakakosha kuita ongororo yakakodzera uye matanho ekudzora kunaka panguva yekugadzira. Heano mamwe akakosha maficha ekutarisa soldermask uye kutonga kwemhando:

Kuonekwa Kwekuona

Kuongorora kwekuona inhanho yakakosha pakuongorora kunaka kweiyo soldermask layer. Ita kunyatsoongorora kwekuona kwe soldermask layer kuti uone chero hurema huri pachena kana nyaya. Shandisa maturusi ekukudza, akadai semamaikorosikopu kana magnifying lenzi, kuongorora maumbirwo-akanaka uye nzvimbo dzine hunyoro.

Automated Optical Inspection (AOI)

Kuongororwa Kwemaziso Otomatiki (AOI) inzira yepamusoro yekuongorora inoshandisa makamera ane resolution yepamusoro uye software yekugadzirisa mifananidzo kuti ione otomatiki zvikanganiso zviri mu soldermask layer. Shandisa AOI panguva yekugadzira kuti ubate zvikanganiso zve soldermask nekukurumidza, zvichideredza njodzi yekugadzirisa zvakare kana kupwanya. Gadzirisa marongero nematanho eAOI kuti uve nechokwadi chekuonekwa kwakarurama kwezvikanganiso uku uchideredza kunaka kana kuipa kwenhema.

Kuedzwa kweMagetsi

Kuongororwa kwemagetsi chinhu chakakosha chekutonga kwemhando iyo inosimbisa mashandiro uye mashandiro ePCB, kusanganisira kushanda kweiyo soldermask layer. Ita bvunzo dzemagetsi paPCB kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka uye kutevedzera dhizaini yakatarwa. Shandisa bvunzo dzemagetsi kuti usimbise kushanda kweiyo soldermask layer, senge yayo yekuvharisa zvinhu uye kuramba kuparara kwemagetsi.

Zvakajairwa PCB Soldermask Nyaya uye Kugadzirisa

Kuziva uye kugadzirisa zvakajairika soldermask nyaya kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda uye kuvimbika kwePCB dzako. Heano mamwe akajairika PCB soldermask nyaya uye gwara rekugadzirisa nekudzivirira:

Soldermask Misalignment

Soldermask misalignment inoitika kana soldermask layer isina kunyatsoenderana nezviri pasi pemhangura maficha, zvinogona kutungamira kune solder bridging kana kuratidzwa. Wongorora dhizaini yako yePCB kune yakakodzera soldermask kushivirira uye kurongeka maficha, senge fiducial mamaki. Shanda nemugadziri wako wePCB kuona uye kugadzirisa chero nyaya dzekunyoresa panguva yekugadzira soldermask application.

Insufficient Coverage

Kuvharirwa kusina kukwana kunoreva nzvimbo dziri paPCB uko soldermask layer isingavharidzire zvakaringana nzvimbo dzakatarwa, ichisiya mitsetse kana mapedhi achioneswa kusvibiswa kana kukora. Ongorora iyo soldermask layer yeunifomu ukobvu uye kuvharika, kugadzirisa chero kusawirirana mukuita kwekushandisa. Ongorora dhizaini yako yePCB kune yakakodzera soldermask clearances uye kuvhurwa, kuve nechokwadi kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa nemugadziri wako.

Soldermask Delamination

Soldermask delamination ndiko kupatsanurwa kweiyo soldermask layer kubva kuPCB pamusoro, iyo inogona kukanganisa bhodhi rekudzivirira kwemagetsi uye kugadzikana kwemichina. Ita shuwa kugadzirira kwepamusoro uye kucheneswa pamberi pe soldermask application kukurudzira kunamatira kwakanyanya. Monitor tembiricha profiles panguva soldering maitiro kudzivirira yakawandisa kupisa kuratidzwa izvo zvinogona kutungamira delamination.

Soldermask Bubbles kana Voids

Soldermask bubbles kana voids ihomwe yemhepo kana mapeji mukati me soldermask layer, iyo inogona kukanganisa magetsi ekudzivirira zvimiro uye kutaridzika kwePCB. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvinogona kukonzerwa nemhepo yakavharirwa panguva yekushandiswa, kurapwa kusina kunaka, kana nyaya dzezvinhu.

Shandisa maitiro ekushandisa soldermask kuti uderedze kupinda kwemhepo, sekugadzirisa viscosity kana kushandisa akawanda matete akaturikidzana. Monitor kurapa paramita, senge tembiricha uye nguva, kuve nechokwadi chakazara uye chinoenderana kurapwa kweiyo soldermask zvinhu.

Nekugadzirisa nyaya idzi dzakajairika soldermask uye kuita matanho ekudzivirira, unogona kuwedzera kunaka uye kuvimbika kwePCB dzako.

mhedziso

PCB soldermask chinhu chakakosha munyika yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, kupa dziviriro kubva kune zvakatipoteredza, kudzivirira mabhiriji ekutengesa, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwese kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvigadzirwa zve soldermask, mashandisirwo azvo, uye zvakanakira nekuipira kwakakosha kune vanogadzira PCB nevagadziri.

Mafungiro akadai soldermask mavara, maitiro ekushandisa, maitiro ekugadzira, nzira dzekuongorora, uye zvakajairika kugadzirisa matambudziko zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro uye kunaka kwePCB. Nekuita zvisarudzo zvine ruzivo uye nekutevera maitiro akanakisa, unogona kukwidziridza soldermask muPCB magadzirirwo ako, zvichitungamira kune zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvakavimbika zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.