Karukureta yePCB Trace Resistance: Maitiro ekuverenga Trace Resistance uye Voltage Drop

Chidimbu chega chega chemhangura chine resistance, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwevoltage uye kupisa izvo zvinogona kukanganisa dhizaini yakanaka. Karukureta yekudzivirira kutsvedza inoshandura upamhi, ukobvu hwemhangura, kureba, uye tembiricha kuita maohms chaiwo anowedzera chidimbu. Gwaro iri rinopindura mibvunzo chaiyo - maitiro ekuverenga PCB trace resistance, resistance yemhangura ye 1 oz, maitiro ekuicheka - uye rinoratidza kuti Highleap Electronics inoita sei kuti chidimbu chaunodhirowa ndicho chidimbu chaunovaka.

1. Unoverenga sei PCB trace resistance?

Verenga PCB trace resistance neR = ρ × urefu ÷ (upamhi × ukobvu), kana kupfuura ingowedzera kuramba kwesimbi yemhangura nenhamba yemasikweya (urefu ÷ upamhi). Ose anopa mhinduro imwe chete - nzira yemasikweya inokurumidza. Kuramba ρ chinhu chinoramba chiripo chesimbi yemhangura (anenge 1.7 × 10⁻⁸ ohm-mita patembiricha yemumba), uye nzvimbo yepakati pechikamu ine upamhi hwakapetwa neukobvu hwemhangura.

Nzira pfupi yekubatanidza masikweya yakakosha kuiisa mukati: kuramba kweshiti kunoenderana chete neukobvu hwemhangura, huwandu hwemasikweya hungori hurefu hwakakamurwa nehupamhi, saka:

Kuramba kwekutevera ≈ kuramba kwepepa × (kureba ÷ upamhi)

Ndosaka chitsama chirefu, chakamanikana chiine simba guru uye chipfupi, chakafara chiine simba shoma - uye nei kuwedzera huremu hwemhangura kaviri (1 oz kusvika 2 oz) nehafu yesimba, nekuti chikamu chepakati chinopetwa kaviri. Saka huremu hwemhangura ndicho chinhu chikuru, ndosaka magadzirirwo emagetsi anosvika paPCB yemhangura inorema kana simba richida kudzikira. Kudzokorora maitiro anoita maPCB traces kunoita kuti zvimwe zvese zvive nyore kushandisa.

2. Chii chinonzi kuramba kwe 1 oz copper trace?

Mhangura ye1 oz ine resistance yepepa inosvika 0.5 milliohm pachikwere, saka chitsama chakareba kagumi kupfuura upamhi hwayo (gumi zvikwere) chingangoita 5 milliohm isati yasvika tembiricha uye kuburikidza nemigumisiro. Mhangura yakakora inoderedza izvi zvakaenzana - 2 oz mhangura ingangoita 0.25 milliohm pachikwere - nekuti resistance inoenderana nenzvimbo yakayambuka.

"Makwere" iyuniti isina unit ratio (hurefu hwakakamurwa nehupamhi), ndosaka nhamba imwechete yekudzivirira sheet inoshanda kune chero chinhu chiri muhuremu hwemhangura iyoyo. Kuti ubve pamativi kuenda paohms, wedzera nekudzivirira sheet kwemhangura yako; kuti ubve paohms kuenda pakudzikira kwevoltage kana kupisa, wedzera magetsi. Nhamba iyoyo yekudzivirira sheet, yakabatana nehuwandu hwemakwere, yakakwana kuti uwane fungidziro dzinokurumidza dzinotungamira sarudzo dzakawanda dzemarongero.

3. Muenzaniso wakashanda: kuramba kwetrace, kudonha kwevoltage, uye simba

Kune 50 mm kureba, 0.5 mm upamhi mu 1 oz copper inotakura 2 A, resistance inosvika 50 milliohms, kudonha kwevoltage i100 mV, uye simba rakabviswa i0.2 W. Heino kuverenga kwakazara:

• Zvikwere: kureba ÷ upamhi = 50 ÷ 0.5 = 100 masikweya.
• nemishonga: Zvikwere zana × ~0.5 mΩ/sikweya ≈ 50 milliohms.
• Kudonha kwemagetsi: kuramba × simba remagetsi = 0.050 Ω × 2 A = 0.1 V (100 mV).
• Simba rakapera: magetsi² × kuramba = 2² × 0.050 = 0.2 W yekupisa.

Pagwara re3.3 V, kudonha kwe100 mV kunenge 3% - kazhinji kunogamuchirika, dzimwe nguva hazvibvumirwi. Iye zvino wedzerai trace kusvika 2 mm: masikweya anodonha kusvika 25, kuramba kusvika 12.5 mΩ, kudonha kwevoltage kusvika 25 mV. Trace yakafara kane kana inopa kuramba kwakaderera kane kana - kutengeserana kukuru kunoratidzwa nekarukureta, uye sarudzo yekuita usati wapedza kuronga, kwete mushure mekunge bhodhi rapisa. Kune njanji dzine simba repamusoro-soro, injinjini yesimba remhangura inorema inochengetedza kuramba uye kupisa zvichiongororwa.

4. Ko kusasimba kwezvishandiso zvinoshanduka here nekupisa uye zvishandiso?

Ehe - kuramba kwemhangura kunokwira ne0.4% pa °C, saka chimedu chinomhanya ne40°C pamusoro pekupisa kwemukamuri chine kuramba kwakawanda ne16% kupfuura kukosha kwacho kwekutonhora, uye chimwe nechimwe chiri munzira chinowedzera zvishoma. Nekuti kuramba kwacho kwakawedzera kunoitawo kupisa kwakawanda, kupisa nekuramba zvinosimbisana pakupisa, kunopisa. Zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva:

• Kushivirira matombo. Kugadzira kunodzikisa zvisaririra zvese zvishoma kana zvichienzaniswa nezvawakadhirowa, zvichisimudzira kuramba; mhangura inorema inowedzera kushivirira uku.
• Nzira. Nzira inosvetuka pakati pezvikamu inoungana kuburikidza ne resistance, saka pakushandura kwemagetsi ane simba guru shandisa kudira mhangura uye kuburikidza nekusona kuderedza kukosha kwakabatana.
• Kuputira. Mhangura yekunze yakagadzirwa inosanganisira kuputira, saka ukobvu chaihwo hunogona kudarika huremu hwefoil yechigadziko.

Pamabasa mazhinji, fungidziro yenzvimbo dzekupisa-mukamuri inenge iri pedyo zvakakwana kuti isarudze; kana paine simba rakasimba kana dhizaini yekuona, peta tembiricha uye kuburikidza nekudzivirira, uchiiona sechikamu chekutonga kwePCB kwekupisa.

5. Maitiro ekuderedza PCB trace resistance

Deredza kuramba kutevedzera matinji nekuwedzera kutevedzera matinji, uchishandisa mhangura inorema, kupfupisa nzira, kushandura mambure emagetsi kuita copper pour kana plane, uye kutenderedza mavias pakuchinja kwelayer. Lever yega yega inoshanda nekuti kuramba kunoenderana nekuramba kwesheet times squares: wedzera kana kukora kuwedzera cross-section, pfupisa kuti ucheke squares. Mukurongeka kwekurova:

• Mhangura inorema – 2 oz kana 3 oz inocheka kuramba kwakaenzana muhupamhi hwakaenzana.
• Mavara akafara kana kuti maduru - ndege inonyatsoita semuchina wakafara zvikuru, usingapindi simba zvakanyanya.
• Kuronga nzira pfupi - masikweya mashoma, kushomeka kwekudzivirira uye kudonha kushoma.
• Mavhiza akafanana - ma-vias akawanda pakuchinja kwechikamu chechikamu anopatsanura resistance ye-via.

Kana zviratidzo zvichikurumidza kwete simba guru, chikamu chakabatana ndechekudzora simba pane kuramba - chinangwa chakasiyana, masvomhu akasiyana.

6. Kuramba kucharamba kuripo here mushure mekugadzirwa?

Kuramba kwakaverengerwa kunongoshanda chete kana chirauro chakagadzirwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwacho, uye kuchekwa pamwe nekuputirwa kunochinja kukosha kwacho zvishoma - kazhinji zvishoma, asi zvakakwana kukosha pabhajeti remagetsi mashoma kana chirauro chaunovimba nacho semutengo chaiwo. Kana upamhi hwacho hwakakosha, simbisa chinangwa chekugadzira nemugadziri wako.

Kuongorora kwekugadzira usati wagadzira kunoratidza kuti simba rako, huremu hwemhangura, uye nzira yauri kushandisa zvinogoneka uye kuti geometry yapera inowira kwaunoda. Highleap inozotakura bhodhi kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwemhangura yakakora uye kuunganidza, nesarudzo dzemhangura ine simba shoma uye kuyerwa kwekutanga kana dhizaini inoenderana nekudzivirira kwakati kana kudzikira kwemagetsi. Paunokumbira mitengo, sanganisira huremu hwemhangura, njanji uko kudzikira kwemagetsi kwakakosha, uye chero kuderera kwaunovimba nako.

Taura bhodhi rangu remagetsi

7. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa nezvekudzivirira kuteverwa kwezvishandiso

Unoverenga sei PCB trace resistance?

Shandisa R = ρ × kureba ÷ (upamhi × ukobvu), kana kuwedzera simba resimbi yemhangura (inenge 0.5 mΩ/sikweya ye 1 oz) nenhamba yemasikweya (urefu ÷ upamhi). Ose anopa mhedzisiro yakafanana.

Chii chinonzi kuramba kwe 1 oz copper trace?

Inenge 0.5 milliohm pa sikweya imwe neimwe. Chidimbu chimwe chete chakareba kagumi kupfuura upamhi hwacho saka chinenge 5 mΩ mu 1 oz copper, isati yasvika tembiricha uye kuburikidza nemigumisiro.

Kuramba kwezvimedu zvinoshanduka here nekupisa?

Ehe. Kudzivirira mhangura kunokwira ne0.4% pa °C, saka chimedu chinopfuura tembiricha yemumba chinomira zvakanyanya kupfuura kutonhora kwacho.

Ndingaderedza sei kusakwanisa kubatwa nezvirwere zvishoma?

Wedzera mutsetse, shandisa mhangura inorema, pfupisa nzira, shandisa copper pour kana plane kuti uwane simba, uye fambisa mavias akawanda pakuchinja kwelayer.

Highleap inogona here kugadzira mabhodhi emagetsi emhangura asingadziviriri simba rakawanda uye anorema?

Ehe. Highleap inopa mhangura inorema yenzira dzesimba dzisingapindi simba zvakanyanya, kuburikidza nemazano ekuchinja kwezvikamu, uye kuyerwa kwekutanga kana dhizaini ichitsamira pakuramba kwakananga kana kudonha kwevoltage.