Karukureta yePCB Trace Width: Maitiro ekugadzira Saizi yeTraces yeCurrent, Voltage Drop, uye Impedance

Upamhi hwetrace hunotaridzika nyore asi zviri nyore kukanganisa: hwakatetepa uye trace yesimba inopisa zvakanyanya kana kuderedza voltage yakawandisa; yakafara zvakanyanya uye unotambisa nzvimbo kana kukanganiswa kweimpedance. Karukureta yetrace width inopa nhamba yekutanga inodzivirirwa, asi kuziva zvekuidya ndiko kunoparadzanisa bhodhi rakavimbika kubva kune iro rinokundikana kana mutoro wapera. Gwaro iri rinopindura mibvunzo chaiyo - kuti upamhi hupi hwemagetsi akapihwa, emukati vs ekunze, maitiro ekugadzira saizi ye50-ohm traces - uye inoratidza kuti Highleap Electronics inoita sei kuti upamhi hurambe huripo pakugadzirwa.

1. Karukureta yePCB trace width inoshanda sei?

Karukureta yePCB trace width inoshandisa fomura yeIPC-2221 kuti ishande ichidzokera shure kubva pakukwirira kwekupisa kunobvumirwa, huremu hwemhangura, uye layer kusvika pahupamhi hwetrace hushoma. Current ndiyo inonyanya kupinza - nzvimbo inodiwa inokwira zvakanyanya nayo - nepo kuwedzera kwekupisa kusinganyanyi kukosha, saka kutevera tembiricha yakakwira inobvumirwa kunotenga simba shoma. Zvinopinda:

• zvemazuvano - huwandu hwemagetsi anoenderera mberi huchatakurwa netrace.
• Kukwira kwekushisa kunobvumidzwa - 10°C chinangwa chinochengetedza; 30°C inowanzo ratidzwa mumienzaniso. Kukwira kwepasi kunoreva chiratidzo chakafara.
• Huremu hwemhangura – kazhinji 1 oz kana 2 oz; mhangura inorema inotakura simba rakafanana nerakafara zvishoma.
• Rutivi (rwekunze kana rwemukati) - zvisaririra zvemukati zvinoda kupetwa kaviri nehupamhi hwemagetsi akafanana.

Zvinyorwa zviviri zvedudziro zvinodzivirira zvikanganiso: fomura iyi yakavakirwa padata rekuyedza kusina kurongeka uye ine tariro yekuisa mabhodhi chaiwo akazara, saka wedzera mukana panzira dzemagetsi dzinoenderera mberi; uye mhedzisiro yacho ishoma, kwete chinangwa - hapana kukuvadzwa kunowanikwa mutrace yakakura yesimba, asi kukuvadzwa chaiko mutrace yakamanikana. Kana upamhi hunodiwa hukasashanda, kukwira kuPCB yemhangura inorema kunowanzova kwakachena. Zvakakosha zvekuti traces dzinotakura sei magetsi zvinorarama muPCB iyi trace primer.

2. Ndinoda upamhi hwakadii hwetrace pa 1, 3, kana 5 amps?

Pa 1 oz mhangura iri pachikamu chekunze che 10°C inokwira zvakanaka, 1 A inoda 0.5 mm (20 mil), 3 A inoda 1.8 mm (70 mil), uye 5 A inoda 3.3 mm (130 mil). Chati yakazara inzvimbo yekutanga yakavakirwa paIPC-2221, kwete kutsiva kuverenga uchienzanisa netembiricha yako; zvisaririra zvemukati mechikamu zvinoda kupetwa kaviri:

Upamhi hunokura nekukurumidza nemagetsi. Kupfuura maamps mashoma, chiratidzo chimwe chete chinova chisingashande uye copper pour, plane, kana copper inorema ndiyo mhinduro chaiyo - ma high-current rails haafanirwe kushandiswa pamatanho matete, ndipo panoshandiswa mainjiniya e heavy copper-capacity kuti agare achitonhorera.

3. Upamhi hwemukati vs hwekunze: nei zvisaririra zvemukati zvakafara

Chiratidzo chemukati chinoda kupetwa kaviri upamhi hwechiratidzo chekunze kuti chitakure magetsi akafanana, nekuti chakaiswa mulaminate uye hachigone kuburitsa kupisa mumhepo. IPC-2221 inoshandisa ma constant akasiyana pazviitiko zviviri izvi nekuda kwechikonzero ichi - chiratidzo chekunze chinotonhorera ne convection mumhepo, nepo chiratidzo chemukati chichidzivirirwa nekupisa uye chinochengeta kupisa kwakawanda pahupamhi hwakaenzana.

Mugumisiro unoshanda ndewekuti upamhi hwakasimbiswa hwechikamu chekunze hunogona kupisa zvakanyanya kana mambure akafanana akaendeswa pane chikamu chemukati chebhodhi rine zvidimbu zvakawanda. Paunofambisa simba pakati pezvikamu, saizi yechikamu chemukati uye parallel multiple vias pakuchinja kwega kwega kuitira kuti shanduko yechikamu isave dambudziko guru.

4. Maitiro ekuita saizi ye50-ohm controlled-impedance trace

Saizi ye50-ohm trace kubva pane stackup, kwete kubva pa current calculator: upamhi hwayo hunoenderana nehukobvu hwe dielectric huri pasi payo, huremu hwemhangura, uye dielectric constant ye laminate. Masaini ekumhanya kwepamusoro uye RF anoshandiswa saizi ye impedance - kazhinji 50 ohm single-end, kana differential pairs pachinangwa chakaita se90 kana 100 ohm - uye current-based width haishande.

Migumisiro miviri inotevera. Chekutanga, haugone kusarudza upamhi hunodzorwa ne impedance hwakasiyana; hwakavharirwa kune stackup, saka stackup inomhanyisa inofanira kusarudzwa isati yasvika trace geometry. Chechipiri, mugadziri wezvinhu anofanira kuvaka geometry iyoyo nemazvo kuti impedance ibude nemazvo, zvinoreva kuti marongero anodzorwa ne impedance anofanira kubvumirana nemunhu wese anogadzira bhodhi, achishandisa nzira chaiyo yekugadzirisa impedance.

5. Zvikanganiso zvePCB zvakajairika zvehupamhi hwetrace

Zvikanganiso zvinowanzo shandiswa pahupamhi hwetrace ndekushandisa upamhi hwedefault pane zvese, kuregeredza chirango cheinner-layer, kukanganwa kudonha kwevoltage, uye saizi yezviratidzo zvemagetsi panzvimbo peimpedance. Chimwe nechimwe chine mhinduro iri nyore:

• Upamhi humwe hwekutanga hwezvinhu zvese - yakanaka kana paine masaini, ine njodzi yekusimba. Simba remagetsi rinobva pakupenya kwaro.
• Kuregeredza chirango chemukati - upamhi hwakakwana hwekunze hunogona kupisa zvakanyanya pachikamu chemukati, icho chinoda kupetwa kaviri.
• Kukanganwa kudonha kwemagetsi - chidhindo chinotonhorera chinogona kuramba chichideredza voltage yakawandisa pachiteshi chine voltage shoma, chine simba guru. Saizi yekupisa nekudonha, chikamu chezvakanaka Thermal manejimendi.
• Saizi yezviratidzo zvemazuva ano - matrace ekumhanya kukuru anoda upamhi hwakavakirwa pa impedance hwakabatana ne stackup, kwete upamhi hwemazuva ano hweIPC-2221.
• Kutsanangura upamhi hwakatsetseka kupfuura hunogona kugadzirwa nemaitiro acho - simbisa upamhi hushoma uye nzvimbo shoma nemugadziri.

6. Upamhi hwetrace hucharamba huripo here kana hwakagadzirwa?

Upamhi hwaunodhirowa hausi upamhi hwaunowana - kuchekwa kunobvisa mhangura diki kubva kumativi echinhu chimwe nechimwe, saka chinhu chapera kutetepa zvishoma pane chakagadzirwa, uye mhangura inorema inowedzera kushivirira ikoko. Kune zvinhu zvine simba shoma izvi zvinodhonza simba remagetsi uye voltage kudonha nenzira isiriyo; kune zvinhu zvine simba zvinodzorwa ne impedance zvinogona kushandura impedance. Kana upamhi hwacho hwakakosha chero kupi zvako, simbisa chinangwa chekugadzira nemugadziri.

Kuongorora kwekugadzira usati wagadzira kunosimbisa kuti upamhi hwetrace yako uye nzvimbo dziri mukati mekushanda kwayo, kuti matrace emagetsi anosangana nezvinodiwa zvavo zvemagetsi uye voltage-drop mushure mekuchekwa, uye kuti matrace anodzorwa-impedance anoenderana ne stackup inovakwa. Highleap inozotakura bhodhi kuburikidza nekugadzirwa nekubatanidzwa kwemhangura yakakora , ine sarudzo dzemhangura ine heavy-copper dzemagadzirirwo emagetsi ane simba guru uye kugadzirisa ne controlled-impedance uye kuyedza mabhodhi ane kumhanya kukuru. Paunokumbira mutengo, taura huremu hwemhangura, simba guru remagetsi pamagetsi ane simba, chero njanji dzinonzwa kudonha kwemagetsi, uye chero chinodiwa che controlled-impedance nechinangwa chayo uye stackup.

Taura bhodhi rangu

7. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pePCB trace width

Ndinoda upamhi hwakadii hwetrace ye 1 amp?

Pa 1 oz mhangura pachikamu chekunze pakakwirira zvakanaka kwe 10°C, inenge 0.5 mm (inenge 20 mil). Pa 2 oz mhangura, inenge hafu iyoyo. Zvidimbu zvemukati zvinoda kupetwa kaviri kuti pave nemagetsi akafanana.

Sei zviratidzo zvemukati zvichifanira kuva zvakakura kupfuura zvekunze?

Zvidimbu zvemukati zvakakomberedzwa nelaminate uye hazvigone kuburitsa kupisa mumhepo, saka zvinoda kupetwa kaviri kwehupamhi hwezvidimbu zvekunze kuti zvitakure magetsi akafanana panguva imwe chete yekupisa.

Ndingaisa sei saizi yechinhu chinonzi impedance panzvimbo pe current?

Upamhi hunodzorwa neImpedance hunoiswa nehukobvu hwe dielectric, huremu hwemhangura, uye dielectric constant yechigadzirwa, saka zvakabatana ne stackup. Sarudza stackup kutanga, verenga nekutarisa, uye simbisa chivakwa nemugadziri wako.

Simba nemasaini emagetsi zvinofanira kushandisa hupamhi hwakaenzana here?

Kwete. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinoyera saizi yemagetsi emagetsi uye kudonha kwemagetsi uye kazhinji zvakafara zvikuru; zvishandiso zvemasaini zvinoyera saizi yekufambisa magetsi kana, yemitsetse yekumhanya kwakanyanya, yeimpedance. Upamhi humwe hwese hunowanzo kukonzera kupisa zvakanyanya.

Highleap inogona here kugadzira mabhodhi ane mhangura inorema uye anodzorwa ne-impedance?

Ehe. Highleap inopa mhangura inorema yekugadzira magadzirirwo emagetsi ane simba guru uye kugadzirisa masimbi anodzorwa uye kuyedza mabhodhi anomhanyisa, pamwe neongororo yekugona kugadzira kuti upamhi hwema "trace width" hurambe huripo.