Kuenzanisa USB uye RS232 muCircuit Board Applications

USB neRS232 (Yakakurudzirwa Standard 232) ese ari maviri mazwi anozivikanwa munyika yemagetsi, asi anoshanda zvakasiyana uye anokunda mumamiriro akasiyana. Kunyangwe kuwanda kwe USB mumidziyo yemazuva ano, RS232 inoramba iri yakakosha protocol, kunyanya munzvimbo yePrinted Circuit Boards (PCBs). Ngatinyure muzvikonzero nei USB isingakwanise kutsiva zvizere RS232, tichiongorora misiyano yavo mukugadzira, mashandisiro, maitiro emagetsi, uye kuoma kweprotocol.

Historical Context uye Zvinangwa Zvekugadzira

RS232: The Legacy Standard

RS232 yakaunzwa muma1960 uye yakakurumidza kuve chiyero chekutaurirana kweseri mumakomputa uye kufonera. Yakagadzirirwa kutaurirana-ku-point, ichibvumira zvishandiso zvakaita semakomputa, modem, uye michina yemaindasitiri kutaurirana pamusoro pemadaro marefu. Iyo yakapfava, yakaderera-kumhanya, uye yakasimba asynchronous nzira yekutaurirana yakaita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akasiyana maindasitiri uye enhaka masisitimu, kusanganisira akawanda maapplication anosanganisira maPCB.

USB: Iyo Yemazuvano Interface

USB, yakagadzirwa pakati pemakore ekuma1990, yaivavarira kugadzirisa hukama pakati pemakombiyuta nemidziyo yekunze, ichitsiva mitemo yekare yakawanda, kusanganisira RS232. USB inopa mwero wepamusoro wekutamisa data, kugona kubatanidza plug-and-play, uye kugona kubatanidza michina yakawanda panguva imwe chete. Yakagadzirirwa kutaurirana kure uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi, ichitsigira kutapurirana data nekukurumidza uye kupa simba—zvinhu zvinokwezva zvikuru mumagadzirirwo emazuva ano ePCB asi hazviwanzo kukodzera mashandisirwo ese.

Kukurukurirana Protocol uye Modes

Asynchronous Kukurukurirana muRS232

RS232 inoshandisa asynchronous serial communication, zvinoreva kuti data inofambiswa kamwe chete panguva isina chiratidzo chewachi. Imwe neimwe byte yedata yakashongedzwa nekutanga uye kumisa mabhiti, ichibvumira iyo inogamuchira mudziyo kuwiriranisa wachi yayo yemukati neiyo inouya data. Iyi nzira yakatwasuka uye inoshanda kune yakaderera-kumhanya kutaurirana pamusoro pemadaro marefu, chinhu chinonyanya kubatsira muPCB maapplication apo kuvimbika pamusoro pemadaro marefu kwakakosha.

Synchronous Kukurukurirana mu USB

USB inoshandisa nzira yakaoma yekutaurirana inotevedzana, ichivimba nechiratidzo chewachi kuti ienderane nekutamiswa kwedata pakati pemubati nemidziyo yakabatana. Izvi zvinobvumira mwero wedata wakakwira uye kushandiswa kwebandwidth kwakanaka. USB inotsigira nzira dzakawanda dzekutaurirana, kusanganisira bulk, control, interrupt, uye isochronous transfers, zvichiita kuti ishande zvakasiyana-siyana mumapurogiramu akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakuchengetwa kwedata kusvika pakutepfenyura kweaudio nemavhidhiyo panguva chaiyo. Zvisinei, kuoma uku kunogona kukonzera matambudziko mukugadzirwa kwePCB, kunyanya mumashandisirwo emaindasitiri uko nyore uye kuvimbika kuri kukuru.

Zvinhu zveMagetsi

Voltage Levels uye Signal Kutendeseka muRS232

RS232 inoshanda nemagetsi akakwira, anowanzo bva pa ±12V kusvika ±15V, izvo zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kusimba kwechiratidzo padaro refu. Kusiyanisa kwechiratidzo kunoderedza ruzha uye kunoita kuti RS232 ishande zvakanaka munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzine kukanganiswa kukuru kwemagetsi ( EMI ). Mamagetsi akakwira anogonesawo RS232 kutumira data netambo refu pasina kuora kwakanyanya, chinhu chakakosha mumashandisirwo mazhinji ePCB uko kutaurirana kure kunodiwa.

USB's Low Voltage Operation

USB inoshanda pamazinga akaderera emagetsi (5V kana pasi), zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kutaurirana kwechinhambwe mukati memagetsi evatengi. Nepo uku kuderera kwemagetsi kushanda kuchideredza kushandiswa kwemagetsi uye EMI, kunodzika tambo kureba uye kunoita kuti USB isavimbike munzvimbo dzine ruzha rwemagetsi. Tambo dze USB dzinowanzo ganhurwa kusvika pakureba kwemamita mashanu, kupfuura iyo inodzokorora masaini kana hubs inodiwa kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika. Uku kudzikisira idhizaini yakakosha mumagadzirirwo ePCB anoda kutaurirana kwakasimba kureba.

Scenarios Zvekushandisa

Industrial and Legacy Systems

RS232 ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri nemasisitimu ekare nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, kuvimbika, uye kugona kwayo kushanda munzvimbo refu. Midziyo yakawanda yemaindasitiri, yakaita sePLCs ( Programmable Logic Controllers), CNC (Computer Numerical Control), uye zvishandiso zvesainzi, inoshandisa RS232 pakutaurirana. Kusimba kweprotocol iyi uye zvinodiwa zvishoma zvehardware zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemaindasitiri uye maPCB applications uko miganhu yeUSB ingave ine matambudziko.

Consumer Electronics uye Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano

USB yave nzira yakajairika yekushandisa makombiyuta , mafoni, makamera, uye zvishandiso zvekuchengetera data. Kuwanda kwayo kwekutamisa data, nyore kushandisa, uye kugona kubatanidza zvishandiso zvakawanda kuburikidza nemahub zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune zvishandiso zvemazuva ano. USB inotsigirawo kuendesa magetsi, zvichiita kuti zvishandiso zvikwanise kufambiswa nekuchajwa kuburikidza neinterface imwechete, inova mukana mukuru pane RS232. Zvisinei, mumashandisirwo ePCB anoda kuvimbika uye nyore, RS232 inoramba iri sarudzo inosarudzwa.

Protocol Complexity uye Implementation

Kureruka kweRS232

RS232's protocol yakatwasuka, inosanganisira nyore kutanga, kumira, uye parity mabheti ekutarisa kukanganisa. Kureruka uku kunoshandura kurerutsira kwekuita, kunoda kushoma kugadzirisa simba uye Hardware. Zvishandiso zvinoshandisa RS232 zvinowanzoda chete UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) yekutaurirana, zvichiita kuti idhure kune akareruka serial ekutaurirana mabasa. Uku kureruka kwekuita kwakakosha mukana muPCB dhizaini uko mutengo uye nyore kwakakosha.

Kuoma kwe USB

USB's protocol yakanyanya kuomarara, inosanganisira akaturikidzana ekutaurirana, kutarisa kukanganisa, uye data management. Kushandisa USB kunoda madhiraivha ane hunyanzvi uye madhiraivha esoftware kutonga akasiyana siyana ekufambisa data modhi uye kuona kuenderana kune akasiyana midziyo uye masisitimu anoshanda. Uku kuomarara kunowedzera mitengo yekusimudzira uye inoda simba rakawanda rekugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti USB iwedzere kune maapplication uko nyore serial kutaurirana kunokwana. MuMagetsi ekushandisa uko mutengo uye nyore kwakakosha, RS232 inoramba iri sarudzo yakasarudzika.

Kugarisana uye Standardization

RS232's Yenguva Yakareba Nhaka

RS232 yanga ichishandiswa kwemakumi emakore, uye akawanda enhaka masisitimu uye maindasitiri emidziyo akavakwa akatenderedza chiyero ichi. Kutsiva RS232 ne USB mune aya masisitimu kunoda kwakakosha gadziriso uye mainjiniya, izvo zvinowanzoita zvisingaite uye zvinodhura. Kuenderana kweRS232 neyakasiyana siyana yemidziyo uye inonzwisiswa yakamisikidzwa inoita kuti ive sarudzo yakavimbika yekuchengetedza nekusimudzira masisitimu aripo. Uku kuenderana kwakakosha muPCB maapplication uko kuvimbika kwenguva refu kwakakosha.

USB's Ubiquity muMadhivha Azvino

Nepo USB iri pese pese mune zvemazuva ano zvemagetsi zvevatengi, kutorwa kwayo mumaindasitiri nenhaka masisitimu kunogumira. Kudiwa kwevatyairi vane hunyanzvi uye kuoma kwekubatanidza USB muzvivakwa zviripo zvinopa zvipingamupinyi zvakakura. Zvakare, USB's shoma tambo kureba uye kubatwa neEMI kunoita kuti isanyanya kukodzera kune mamwe maindasitiri maapplication achienzaniswa neRS232. MuPCB zvikumbiro apo kuvimbika uye kureruka kwakakosha, RS232 inoramba iri sarudzo yakasarudzika.

Chaiyo-Nyika Nyaya Zvidzidzo uye Mienzaniso

Industrial kushandisa michina

Mukuita otomatiki kwemaindasitiri , RS232 inowanzo shandiswa kubatanidza maPLC kune masensa, ma actuator, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekudzora. Kusimba kweprotocol uye kugona kwekutaurirana kure kwakakosha mumaindasitiri makuru uko zvishandiso zvinopararira kure kure. Semuenzaniso, mufekitori yekugadzira, RS232 inogona kutumira data kubva mukamuri rekudzora kuenda kumichina iri pasi pefekitori, chimwe chinhu icho USB isingakwanise kuita pasina kugadziriswa kwakakura. Kuvimbika uku kwakakosha mumashandisirwo ePCB uko kutaurirana kure kure kunodiwa.

Consumer Electronics

Mumagetsi evatengi, USB inotonga nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo uye nyore kushandisa. Midziyo yakaita semaprinta, madhiraivha ekunze, uye mafoni anoshandisa USB kune ese ari maviri ekufambisa data uye magetsi. Semuenzaniso, smartphone yakabatana nekombuta kuburikidza ne USB inogona kuendesa data panguva imwe chete, kuchaja bhatiri rayo, uye kunyange kushanda semodemu kana midhiya inoridza, ichiratidza kugona kwe USB kwakawanda. Nekudaro, muPCB maapplication uko kureruka uye kuvimbika kwakakosha, RS232 inoramba iri sarudzo yakasarudzika.

Technical Limitations uye Matambudziko

Distance Limitations ye USB

USB's short-distance limitation idhiraivha yakakosha mumaapplication anoda refu tambo inomhanya. Nepo vanodzokorora uye hubs vanogona kuwedzera kusvika, ivo vanowedzera kuomarara uye zvingangoita mapoinzi ekutadza. Kusiyana neizvi, RS232 inokwanisa kutaurirana pamusoro pemadaro anosvika 50 tsoka (mamita gumi nemashanu) kana kupfuura nekabheji yakapfava, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuisirwa hombe. Uku kugona kwechinhambwe kwakakosha muPCB zvikumbiro panodiwa kutaurirana kureba.

Signal Kutendeseka uye Noise Immunity

RS232's epamusoro voltage mazinga uye mutsauko siginecha unopa nani ruzha kusadzivirirwa, uko kwakakosha munzvimbo dzeindasitiri dzine yakakwira EMI. USB's low voltage operation inoita kuti ive nyore kuita ruzha, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune huwori hwe data mumasetiro emagetsi ane ruzha. Shielded USB tambo dzinogona kudzikisira nyaya iyi kusvika pamwero wakati, asi hadzikwanise kuenderana nekusimba kweRS232 munzvimbo dzakaoma. Uku kusadzivirirwa kweruzha kwakakosha mune redunhu bhodhi application uko kuvimbika kwakakosha.

Tarisiro Yeramangwana Nekuvandudzwa

Evolution ye USB Standards

Iyo USB chiyero inoramba ichishanduka, iine shanduro dzakaita se USB 3.0 uye USB 4.0 inopa yakakwirira data data mazinga uye yakagadziridzwa kuendesa simba. Kufambira mberi uku kunoita kuti USB iwedzere kukwikwidza mumashandisirwo akasiyana siyana, asi zvakare inowedzera kuoma uye mutengo wekuita. Nepo kushanduka kwe USB kuchigadzirisa zvimwe zvipimo, haibvisi zvizere misiyano yemukati inoita kuti RS232 ive yakanaka mune mamwe mamiriro. MuPCB maapplication uko mutengo uye kureruka kwakakosha, RS232 inoramba iri sarudzo yakasarudzika.

Zvimwe Zvingangoitika

Emerging matekinoroji, akadai seEthernet-based industrial protocols (semuenzaniso, Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP), inopa yakakwirira data mazinga uye kutaurirana kwakasimba pamusoro pemadaro marefu. Idzi dzimwe nzira dzinogona kutsiva zvese RS232 uye USB mune chaiyo maapplication, ichipa yakabatana mhinduro yeindasitiri otomatiki uye kutonga. Nekudaro, kutekeshera kwakapararira kweaya matekinoroji kunoda kukosha kwekudyara uye kuenzanisa kuedza. Mune redunhu bhodhi zvikumbiro uko kuvimbika uye kureruka kwakakosha, RS232 inoramba iri sarudzo yakasarudzika.

mhedziso

Muchidimbu, nepo USB ichipa akawanda mabhenefiti mumagetsi emazuva ano evatengi, haigone kutsiva zvizere RS232 mune zvese zvinoshandiswa. Kureruka kweRS232, kusimba, kugona kutaurirana kureba, uye kuenderana nemasisitimu enhaka kunoita kuti ive yakakosha mumaindasitiri uye chaiwo niche application. Kunzwisisa kusimba uye zvipimo zvezvibvumirano zviviri zvinobvumira mainjiniya nevagadziri kuti vasarudze chimiro chakakodzera chezvavanoda, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika, kushanda nesimba, uye mutengo-unoshanda mumapurojekiti avo.

Nekuziva mabasa akasiyana uye mashandisirwo eUSB neRS232, nyanzvi dzinogona kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo uye kukwidziridza zvakanakisa zveprotocol yega yega kukwidziridza dhizaini nemasisitimu avo. Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichishanduka, ese mazinga angangogara pamwe, imwe neimwe ichishandira chinangwa chayo chakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekutaurirana kwemagetsi.

KuHighleap Electronic, isu tinonyanya kugadzira nekugadzira maPCB anosangana nezvinodiwa zveRS232 uye USB yekutaurirana zviyero. Unyanzvi hwedu hunovimbisa kuti mapurojekiti ako anobatsirwa kubva kune akakodzera uye akavimbika ekutaurirana mapuroteni, akagadzirirwa kune zvaunoda chaizvo.

Kunyangwe iwe uri kushanda pamaindasitiri otomatiki masisitimu, zvemagetsi zvevatengi, kana chero imwe application inoda kutaurirana kwakasimba uye kwakanaka, timu yedu iripo kuti ikubatsire. Bata nesu nhasi kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve PCB mhinduro dzedu uye kuti tingatsigire sei chirongwa chako chinotevera. Pamwe chete, tinogona kuona kuti zvigadziriso zvako zvakagadziridzwa kuita, kuvimbika, uye kubudirira.

FAQ

Ndeipi misiyano mikuru mumakongiri emuviri anoshandiswa neRS232 uye USB muPCB maapplication?

RS232 inowanzo shandisa DB9 kana DB25 yekubatanidza, iyo yakakura uye yakasimba, inokodzera nharaunda dzeindasitiri uko kusimba uye hukama hwakachengeteka hwakakosha. Kusiyana neizvi, USB inoshandisa zvibatanidza zvidiki seType-A, Type-B, Micro-USB, uye USB-C, zvakagadzirirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi uko compact size uye nyore kushandisa zvinoiswa pamberi. Iyi misiyano mukugadzira dhizaini inoratidza iyo inotarirwa kushandiswa kwemakesi eprotocol yega yega, ine RS232 yakatarisana nekusimba uye USB pane zvakasiyana-siyana uye compactness.

RS232 uye USB inobata sei kuyerera kwedata zvakasiyana?

RS232 inoshandisa hardware flow control (RTS/CTS) kana software flow control (XON/XOFF) kubata kuyerera kwedata pakati pemidziyo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti data inotumirwa chete kana mudziyo wekugamuchira wagadzirira. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumaindasitiri ekushandisa uko kunoramba kuripo data hova kunofanirwa kutariswa pasina kurasikirwa. USB, kune rumwe rutivi, inotsamira pane inofambiswa-inofambiswa dhizaini uko mugadziri anoronga kutamisa data, achipa yakawedzera kuomarara kutonga asiwo kuwedzera kuoma. Musiyano uyu unoita kuti RS232 ive yakatwasuka uye yakavimbika mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zviri nyore uye zvinofungidzirwa kuyerera kwedata kunodiwa.

Ndezvipi zvinorehwa nekushandisa RS232 kana USB maererano nekushandiswa kwesimba mumashandisirwo ePCB?

RS232 kazhinji ine mashandisirwo emagetsi epamusoro nekuda kwemazinga ayo epamusoro (± 12V kusvika ± 15V) uye kudiwa kwevatyairi vemitsara vakazvitsaurira uye vanogamuchira. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa mubhatiri-powered kana yakaderera-simba PCB application. USB, yakagadzirwa iine simba rekushandisa mundangariro, inoshanda neakadzika voltages (kazhinji 5V) uye inogona kupa simba kumidziyo yakabatana, ichideredza kudiwa kwemagetsi akasiyana. Izvi zvinoita kuti USB ive yakakodzera kune yakaderera-simba uye inotakurika zvishandiso, nepo RS232's mashandisirwo emagetsi epamusoro anogamuchirwa mune yakagadziriswa maindasitiri ekuisa uko kuwanikwa kwemagetsi kusiri kunetseka.

Ko iyo yekuona kukanganisa uye kugadzirisa michina muRS232 inofananidzwa sei neiyo mu USB?

RS232 inoshandisa nzira dzakareruka dzekuona kukanganisa senge parity bits uye macheki, ayo anokwana kune akawanda akaderera-kumhanya, point-to-point ekukurukurirana mabasa. Idzi nzira dziri nyore kushandisa uye dzakakwana kune akajairwa ekushandisa makesi eRS232. USB, zvisinei, inoshandisa yakaomesesa yekuona kukanganisa uye nzira dzekugadzirisa, kusanganisira CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) uye packet retries, izvo zvinosimudzira kuvimbika kwekumhanyisa-kumhanyisa data. Uku kuomarara kunovimbisa kuperera kwedata asi zvakare kunowedzera kuomarara kwekuita, zvichiita kuti USB ikwane maapplication uko kurongeka kwedata kwakakosha.

Ko iyo plug-uye-kutamba kugona kwe USB inofananidzwa sei nezvinodiwa zvekuseta zveRS232?

USB yakagadzirwa inokwanisa plug-uye-kutamba, ichibvumira zvishandiso kuti zvibatanidzwe uye zvigadzirwe otomatiki pasina kudiwa kwemanyorero ekugadzirisa. Iyi ficha inobatsira zvakanyanya mumagetsi evatengi, inopa nyore kushandisa uye kuderedza nguva yekuseta. RS232, zvisinei, inowanzoda gadziriso yemanyorero yemaparamita senge baud rate, parity, uye kuyerera kwekudzora, izvo zvinogona kunetsa uye kukanganisa-kukanganisa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine michina yakawanda. Musiyano uyu unoreva kuti USB inonyanya kushandisa-ushamwari munzvimbo dzine simba uye dzinochinja, nepo RS232's manual setup inonyanya kukodzera kune yakagadzikana uye isingachinji yekuseta maindasitiri uko paramita haawanzo chinja.