Chii Chinoita Kuti RFSoC + GPU PCB Dzisiyane?

Bhodhi riri pamusoro apa rinosanganisa madhomini maviri ekugadzirisa anorema. RFSoC inobata kushandurwa kwedata nekukurumidza uye kugadziriswa kwesignali inorongwa, nepo Jetson AGX Orin ichipa kukurumidza kweGPU kune mabasa akawanda ekuverenga. Pakati pawo pane mabasa ekurangarira, kuchengetedza, simba, clocking uye ekukurukurirana nekukurumidza. Kuisa pfungwa ikoko kunosiya rusununguko rushoma rwekuona kugadzirwa nekuunganidzwa sezvakasiyana nesarudzo dzepakutanga dzemarongero.

Saka pakugadzira, mubvunzo unokosha hausi wekungoti PCB inokwanisa here kuongorora dhizaini. Trace geometry, mareferensi, kuburikidza nekuchinja, kucheneswa kwezvikamu, kugoverwa kwemhangura uye nzira dzekupisa zvese zvinofanirwa kuramba zvichishanda kana dhizaini yacho yava bhodhi chairo.

Magadzirirwo Akakosha eHardware eRFSoC Platform

Puratifomu iyi yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwakaomarara senge radar signal processing, high-speed communications, AI inference, electronic warfare research, SDR prototyping , uye tsvakiridzo kana kudzidzisa. Magadzirirwo ayo anosanganisa kushandurwa kwewideband RF neFPGA processing uye GPU acceleration, saka PCB inofanirwa kugamuchira nzira dzeanalog/RF dzinonzwisisika uye dense digital interfaces.

Chikamu cheRF chinoshandisa dhizaini ye8T8R ine channel isolation yakataurwa yeinenge 60 dB uye SFDR yeinenge 55 dBc. Manhamba iwayo anoita kuti chimiro chePCB chive chakakosha. Maitiro eLaminate, copper geometry, reference-plane continuity uye connector transitions zvese zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro echimiro chakagadzirwa zvichienzaniswa nedhizaini yakanangwa.

Kuiswa kweinterface chikamu chekugadzirwa kwePCB

Maonero ekumberi ane zita rekuti "front view" anobatsira nekuti anoratidza kuti nzvimbo yekunze haisi kungounganidzwa kwezvinobatanidza chete. Maports ane kumhanya kwakanyanya akadai se100G QSFP28 uye nzira dzine chekuita nePCIe anoda nzira dzakadzorwa dzinopinda mumidziyo yekugadzirisa, nepo USB, Ethernet, DisplayPort, GPS uye debug interfaces dzichidawo nzira inoshanda yekushanda.

Nheyo imwe cheteyo inoshandawo kune Type-C debug interface ine USB-to-JTAG uye UART functions. Chinobatanidza chakarurama pamagetsi asi chakaoma kuwana panguva yekuyedzwa kwekuunza kana kugadzira chinogona kunonotsa maitiro ese ekusimbisa. Saka kuiswa kweinterface kunofanirwa kuongororwa pamwe chete ne routing, enclosure constraints uye test access.

Kune mapurojekiti ane zvinodiwa zvakafanana zveRF uye zvinomhanya zvakanyanya, sevhisi yekugadzira PCB yeHighleap inogona kushanda kana kudzora impedance, kusarudzwa kwelaminate uye kusimba kwechiratidzo zvikava zvinodiwa zvikuru mukugadzira.

Kufunga Nezvekugadzirwa kwePCB paRF neMasaini Ekumhanya Kwakanyanya

Kuonekwa kwebhodhi kumashure kunowedzera chimwe chikamu chakakosha chemufananidzo wekugadzira: PCB inofanira kukwana muhamvuropu yemakanika inodiwa uku ichiri kupa nzvimbo yekuchengetera, kufambisa, kudzika uye kupinda mukuunganidza. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana zvikamu zvinomhanya zvakanyanya zvakaiswa kumativi ese ebhodhi diki.

Stack-up uye inodzorwa impedance

Zviyero zvemuviri zvinoratidzwa pabhodhi zvinongova chikamu chezvirambidzo zvekugadzira. Kune RF uye mambure ekumhanya kwepamusoro, upamhi hwetrace, ukobvu hwemhangura, ukobvu hwe dielectric uye hunhu hwe laminate zvinosarudza impedance inobuda. Aya makodhi anofanirwa kubvumirana nemugadziri pane kufungidzirwa kubva pa stack-up yakajairika.

Masevhisi ekugadzira maPCB eHighleap anotsigira kudzorwa kweimpedance uye kuvaka kwemafrequency akawanda. Mubvunzo wakakosha wekugadzira ndewekuti muunganidzwa chaiwo wezvigadzirwa unogona here kutevedzera fungidziro dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa panguva yekuronga.

Nzira yekudzokera kumashure, nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu uye nzira yekubvisa zvinhu kubva mumidziyo kuenda kuseri

Nzvimbo yekumashure yeNVMe muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti nei kuongorora kwemagetsi nekwemakanika kuchifanira kuitika pamwe chete. Kuchengetedzwa kweM.2 kunoda kubviswa kweconnector nemodule, rutsigiro rwekuisa uye mukana wekubatanidza. Panguva imwe chete, mhangura nerotation zvakatenderedza zvinofanirwa kuchengetedza simba, pasi uye zvinodiwa zvesignali yekumhanya kwepamusoro.

Saizi yebhodhi yakataurwa ye245 × 165 mm uye ukobvu hwe2.5 mm inofanirawo kuramba ichiwirirana nenzvimbo yakavharirwa, nzvimbo dzekuisa uye nzvimbo dzekubatanidza. Ongororo yekugadzira inofanira kusimbisa mareferensi aya emakanika data rekugadzira risati raburitswa.

Kuburikidza nezvivakwa uye nzira dzekudzoka dzeRF

Nzira imwe neimwe inogadzira shanduko chaiyo. Panzira dzinomhanya zvakanyanya kana kuti dzeRF, dhayamita yekuboorera, geometry yemapad, saizi yeantipad uye nzira yekudzoka zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro echiratidzo. Kusona pasi uye kuenderera mberi kwereferensi-ndege zvakakosha zvakaenzana paRF uye shanduko dzinomhanya zvakanyanya.

Kugoverwa kwemhangura uye maitiro ekupisa

Bhodhi rine RFSoC, GPU, DDR4 uye ma interfaces akawanda ane simba rakawanda uye zvinodiwa pakupisa. Saka kugoverwa kwemhangura kunofanira kuongororwa kuti kuonekwe kuti inokwanisa sei kutakura, maitiro ekutumira simba, nzira dzekupisa uye kuenzana kwekugadzira pane kungoonekwa sedambudziko rekufambisa zvinhu.

Sarudza maitiro ehunyanzvi chete kana dhizaini ichida iwo

Bhodhi reRFSoC rakaoma haridi HDI yega, laminates dzekunze kana kuvakwa kweceramic. Maitiro iwayo anofanira kusarudzwa kana huwandu hwenzira, frequency, maitiro ekupisa kana zvimwe zvinodiwa zvakasimbiswa zvichizvitsigira. Maitiro ekugadzira anofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa zveinjiniya, kwete zvinopesana.

Matambudziko ePCB Assembly eZvikamu Zvakanyanya Kuwanda

Chiratidzo chePCBA chiri kumberi chinoratidza apo sarudzo dzekugadzira dzinova dambudziko rekubatanidza. RFSoC, GPU, memory, power devices, connectors nezvimwe zvikamu zvakaiswa munzvimbo diki, zvichisiya nzvimbo diki yekuiswa isina kudzorwa kana maitiro ekubatanidza asina kurongwa maererano nerongero.

Kuiswa kwechikamu hakugone kuparadzaniswa nekusimba kwechiratidzo

Pabhodhi rakadai, kufambisa chinhu kuti pave nekuwedzera mukana wekubatanidza kunogona kushandura kureba kwekubatanidza kwemagetsi, nzira yeRF, nzira yemagetsi kana nzvimbo yekupisa iripo. Saka kuiswa kwayo kunofanirwa kuenzana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi zvekugadzira pakutanga.

BGA uye musangano wepamusoro-soro

Mapakeji eFPGA nema processor anoisa majoini akawanda e solder munzvimbo diki. Kudhinda ne solder-paste, kunyatsoisa, reflow profile uye rutsigiro rwebhodhi zvese zvinova zvakakosha. Nekuti majoini mazhinji akavanzwa pasi pemapakeji eBGA, kuongororwa kweX-ray kwakakosha kune kuongorora kwekuona uye AOI. Magadzirirwo eRFSoC carrier ane dense processor uye memory interfaces anogona kugovera matambudziko ekuunganidza nezvinodiwa ne server-class multilayer board , ukuwo achiramba aine maitiro avo ekugamuchira RF.

Basa reHighleap rekugadzira PCB rinotsigira SMT, through-hole uye mixed-technology assembly neAOI, X-ray uye functional testing. Kune PCBA yakakora, nzira yekuongorora inofanira kubvumwa isati yagadzirwa pane kuwedzerwa mushure mekunge dambudziko rekugadzira raonekwa.

Kufunga nezvekupisa uye zvemakanika pakuungana

GPU neRFSoC hazvisi zvinhu zvinokosha chete, asi zvinobatsirawo zvikuru pakuita kwekupisa kwebhodhi. Hunhu hwesolder, kubatana kwezvikamu, nzvimbo dzekupisa, kusungirirwa kweheatsink kana mechanical uye nzvimbo dziri pedyo zvinogona kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwezvikamu.

Magwaro emusangano ane basa

BOM yakazara, data rekusarudza nekuisa, dhizaini yekuunganidza, ruzivo rwe polarity, manotsi ekuita zvinhu zvakakosha uye zvinodiwa pakuedza zvinopa timu yekugadzira chinangwa chakajeka chekugadzira. Kune PCBA yakaoma, magwaro asina kujeka anogona kukonzera njodzi huru yekugadzira kupfuura dambudziko rekuisa zvinhu pacharo.

Kana kugadzirwa, kuwanikwa kwezvikamu, SMT, kubatanidzwa kweburi nekuyedza zvichifanira kuramba zvichibatanidzwa kuburikidza neNPI nekugadzirwa, mafambiro ebasa rePCB anogona kuderedza kutumirwa kwevatengesi.

Kuedzwa uye Kusimbiswa Usati Wasvika

Chiratidzo chekupedzisira chebhodhi hachifanirwe kutorwa sehumbowo hwekuti PCBA yagadzirira nekuti zvikamu zvese zvazara. Puratifomu ine RF conversion, FPGA processing, GPU computing, DDR4, PCIe, optical networking uye multiple external interfaces inoda test plan inoratidza mabasa iwayo.

Chishandiso cheType-C chine mabasa eUSB-to-JTAG neUART chinogona kutsigira kuburitswa kwebhodhi uye kugadzirisa matambudziko. Kupinda mukuyedza kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo panguva yekurongeka nekuti kupinda kweconnector, nzvimbo dzeprobe nenzvimbo dzekuyedza zvinova zvakaoma kuchinja mushure mekugadzirwa.

Kuyedza kunofanirawo kupatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvakakodzera. Mibvunzo yeAOI neX-ray inopindura; kuyedza kwemagetsi kunoongorora kubatana kwepakutanga; JTAG/UART inotsigira kutaurwa; uye kuyedza kunoshanda kana RF kunoona kana bhodhi rakapedzwa richizadzisa zvinodiwa zvesystem.

Kushanda kweHighleap mukubatanidza mabhodhi edunhu kunosanganisira ongororo yeDFM, kusimbiswa kwezvikamu, kuongororwa uye kuyedzwa. Kune zvemagetsi zvinomhanya zvakanyanya, kutsanangura mukana wekuyedza uye zvinodiwa zvekuedza kushanda pakutanga kunogona kuita kuti kusimbiswa kwekugadzirwa kuve kwakabudirira zvikuru.

Zvekuongorora Usati Watumira PCB Inokurumidza Kugadzirwa

Vasati vaburitsa bhodhi rakadai, timu yeinjiniya inofanira kuona kuti pasuru yekugadzira inotsanangura zvinodiwa zvemuviri nezvemagetsi zvakajeka zvakakwana kuti igadziriswe zvakare. Kuongorora kunotevera kunobatsira pane kungobvunza kana mafaira eGerber akavhurika nemazvo.

Pakeji Yekuteterera Inokurudzirwa

Kuti muwane ongororo ine musoro yekugadzira, ipai ruzivo rwekugadzira PCB, zvinodiwa pakurongedza kana kumisa, BOM, faira rekutora nekuisa, dhizaini yekuunganidza uye chero zvinodiwa zveRF zvakakosha, kuyedza kana kuongorora. Kune bhodhi rine ma interfaces akawanda anomhanya zvakanyanya, zvinodiwa zvekushanda zvakakosha zvinonyanya kubatsira nekuti zvinobatsira timu yekugadzira kuongorora chivakwa chemuviri zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwacho.

Kana purojekiti ichiri padanho reprototype, Highleap inopawo rutsigiro rwePCB prototyping kuitira kuti maitiro ekugadzira akwanise kuongororwa asati asvika pahuwandu hwakawanda hwekugadzira.