Wave Soldering: Kuongorora Maitiro uye Tekinoroji muKudzika

ziviso

Wave soldering inzira inonyatso shanda solder inoita basa rakakosha mukuungana kwemazana ezvikamu zvemagetsi paPrinted Circuit Boards (PCBs). Yakagadzirwa nemugadziri weGerman Albert Hanson, nzira iyi yakashandura indasitiri yekugadzira nekurerutsa uye otomatiki maitiro ekutengesa. Ichi chinyorwa chinodonhedza zvakadzika mukati mekuoma kweiyo wave soldering, ichipa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemisimboti yayo, matanho, zvishandiso, uye zvakanakira nekuipira mugungano rePCB razvino.

The Historical Context

Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwewave soldering, zvakakosha kubvuma mamiriro ayo enhoroondo. Soldering, senzira yekubatanidza simbi, yave ichiitwa kubva pakuwanikwa kwetin, chinhu chakakosha chesolder paste. Nekudaro, kuuya kwePCB kwakaunza matambudziko matsva mukutengesa zvinhu zvakawanda zvemagetsi pane rimwe bhodhi zvakanaka. Dambudziko iri rakakurudzira Albert Hanson kupayona pfungwa yeakawanda-layered flat chimiro, iyo yaisanganisira insulating layer uye foil conductor.

Hanson's innovative maitiro akaunzawo pfungwa yekuchera makomba mubhodhi, zvakafanana neiyo kuburikidza-gomba nzira yekubatanidza inoshandiswa kukwirisa Dual In-Line Package (DIP) zvikamu nhasi. Uku kusimukira kwakatungamira kune zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira mukati-mugomba DIP mapakeji, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuisa solder paste kubhodhi rese kamwechete. Saka, hwaro hwekugadzira wave soldering yakaiswa, apo bhodhi rose rinoratidzwa kune wave solder yakanyungudutswa.

Wave Soldering Maitiro Matanho

Iyo wave solder process ine matanho mashanu akakosha: solder kunyungudika, chikamu chekuchenesa, PCB kuiswa, soldering, uye kuchenesa. Nhanho imwe neimwe inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kunaka uye kuvimbika kwemajoini ekutengesa.

Danho 1: Solder Melting

Pakati peiyo wave soldering process ndiyo chaiyo kudzora tembiricha yesolder reservoir, kazhinji inotangira pa180 kusvika 450°C, zvichienderana nerudzi rwe solder uye modhi yemuchina. Iyi tembiricha kutonga kwakakosha, sezvo ichiita kuti solder isvike payakanyanya mamiriro, ichivimbisa kuchena uye kushanda. Kuchengetedza tembiricha yekudzora kwakakosha kwakakosha kuti uwane kuenderana, kutsvedzerera, uye nepamusoro solder mhedzisiro mukati mekuita.

Danho rechipiri: Kuchenesa Zvikamu

Munguva iyi yakaoma nhanho, zvikamu zvinonatswa nekunatswa kubvisa chero oxide layer. Kuvapo kweiyo oxide layers kunogona kukanganisa kunaka kwekutengesa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kugadzirisa iwo nekukasira. Kubatsira mune iyi yekuchenesa maitiro uye kuwedzera solder wetting, kemikari yakasarudzika inonzi flux inoshandiswa. PCB flux musanganiswa wakagadzirwa zvakanaka wezvigadziko uye ma activator akagadzirirwa kubvisa okisidhi kubva pasimbi uye kukurudzira yepamusoro solder wetting.

Nhanho 3: PCB Kuiswa

Kumisikidzwa chaiko uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvikamu pabhodhi redunhu zvakakosha padanho iri. Mabhodhi akaunganidzwa anonyatsoiswa mukati memuchina, kuve nechokwadi kurongeka chaiko nebhandi rekutakura pakona ye0 °. Study metal clasps inobata bhodhi redunhu zvakachengetedzeka munzvimbo yese yekushambadzira, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa mhedzisiro nekuchengetedza nzvimbo yebhodhi uye kurongeka.

Danho rechitatu: Soldering

Ichi chikamu ndiwo moyo weiyo solder process, uko chinangwa chekunyatso tengesa zvikamu zvePCB pabhodhi redunhu chinowanikwa. Bhandi rekutakura rinofambisa zvishoma nezvishoma bhodhi mberi, richiiswededza pedyo nepani inotengeswa. Kudzora kumhanya kwebhandi rekutakura kwakakosha, sezvo kufamba kunononoka uye nemaune kunobvumira yakawandisa solder kuti iyerere ichidzokera mune solder bath. Iyi nhanho yemaune inosimudzira yakazara solder kufukidzwa, kuve nechokwadi chakachengeteka uye chakavimbika chinongedzo.

Nhanho 5: Kuchenesa

Nhanho yekupedzisira inotarisa kucheneswa nekunatswa kwechigadzirwa. Maitiro ekuchenesa ane hunyanzvi anoshandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekuti bhodhi redunhu harina kusununguka kubva pakusarira kuyerera. Yakasiyana-siyana inonyungudutsa uye yakasvibiswa mvura inoshandiswa kushambidza bhodhi zvakakwana, kubvisa chero yakasara yakasara. Isopropyl doro, nekuda kwekukwanisa kwayo uye isiri-chepfu hunhu, inowanzoshandiswa kunyungudutsa basa iri.

Kushanda Nheyo yeWave Soldering Systems

Kusarudza mupi webasa wePCBA akakodzera kwakakosha, sezvo mapurojekiti akasiyana angave nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana. Kunzwisisa kugona kwemidziyo yemupi webasa akasarudzwa kwakakosha. Kune mapurojekiti anosanganisira Surface Mount Technology (SMT) assembly, zvakakosha kuongorora michina ye reflow. Tarisa huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekupisa dziripo mumichina yavo ye reflow. Paunenge uchibata nezvikamu zve through-hole, bvunza kana kambani yePCBA ichipa kugona kwe automatic assembly.

Zvikamu zvakakosha zveWave Soldering Systems

Flux Sprayer: Sisitimu yekupfapfaidza inonyanya kukosha mukugadzirwa kwePCB. Inoshandisa wave soldering flux nemazvo kunzvimbo dzakatarwa, ichinyanya kunanga maburi akaiswa mubhodhi redunhu. Pamusoro pezvo, inoita kuti flux ishandiswe zvakanaka pasinei nehupamhi, ukobvu, kana dhayamita yegomba rebhodhi. Sisitimu yekupfapfaidza yemhando yepamusoro yakagadzirirwa kuita zvakanaka mukuzadzisa zvinangwa izvi, ichikurudzira kunyorovesa kwakakodzera kwesolder uye kuona kuti majoini esolder akasimba.

Kupisa Pad: Kunyange zvazvo wave soldering ichigona kuitwa pasina kupisa, inokanganisa zvakanyanya nguva yekushanda kwayo. Kupisa kunowedzera kushanda kweflux nekubvisa evaporation ye solvent component, zvichiwedzera kushanda kweflux uye kukurudzira kuumbwa kwe solder joints kwakavimbika. Uyezve, kupisa kunoderedza kuumbwa kwemabhora e solder, kudzivirira kupisa paPCB, uye kunoita kuti Dual In-Line Package (DIP) components ikwanise kusungirirwa.

Pombi: Pombi yemota yakatsetseka muzvishandiso zvekusonesa mafungu inosanganisira nzira dzakawanda dzekupomba dzakarongwa nenzira yakafanana uye dzakapatsanurwa. Dhizaini iyi inoita kuti pombi ishande zvakaenzana uye kugoverwa kwesimba kwakafanana, zvichikonzera wave yekusonesa yakafanana. Kurongeka kwakarurama uye kurongeka kwenzira dzekupomba kunobvisa kufamba kwesonesa kusina kurongeka, zvichibatsira kuti wave yekusonesa ive yakatsetseka uye inodzorwa.

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveWave Soldering

Advantages:

1. Lead-Yemahara Kuteerera: Wave soldering inokodzera yemhando yepamusoro-yepamusoro-isina PCB gungano, kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzwa nemirairo yeRoHS uku uchivandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka.
2. Hapana Masking Inodiwa: Kusiyana nedzimwe nzira dzekutengesa, wave soldering haidi masking kubva munzvimbo dzedunhu redunhu dzisingade soldering, kuchengetedza nguva mukuita.
3. Mutengo-Unoshanda: Wave soldering inowanzopa mutengo wakanakira uchienzaniswa nemamwe matekiniki ekutengesa.
4. Parameter Adjustability: Midziyo yemazuva ano inobvumira kugadzirisa chaiko, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye chakavimbika mhedzisiro.
5. Kushanda Kwesimba: Stepper mota-inotyairwa kupfapfaidza uye inogadziriswa tin yekupfapfaidza muromo dhizaini inokonzeresa 25% kushoma kwesimba uye yekubatsira zvinhu zvekushandisa gore negore.
6. Kudzora Kwazvo: Yakavharwa-loop kutonga kweiyo yekufambisa sisitimu, preheating chaiyo, uye welding nguva yekudzora inobatsira kune emhando yepamusoro solder majoini.
7. Minimal Tin Dross Oxidation: Pedyo necrest yeflat-flow wave, idiki tin marara oxidation inoitika, inotungamira kumajoini ekutengesa asina chaanopomerwa.

payakaipira:

1. Yakaganhurirwa Kushanda kune SMD Zvikamu: Wave soldering inokodzera zvirinani kune-mugomba zvikamu zvine hombe yekutungamirira nzvimbo, zvichiita kuti zviome kuwana yakavimbika solder yekubatanidza neSurface Mount Device (SMD) zvikamu.
2. Zvinogona Kukuvadza Chikamu: Zvikamu zveSMD, kunyanya tembiricha-inonzwa ICs, inogona kukuvadzwa kana yakafumurwa kune tembiricha yakakwira panguva yekushambadzira kwemafungu, zvinogona kutungamirira kuzvinhu zvekushanda kana kukuvara zvachose.
3. Kutonga kweSMT: Sezvo zvinhu zvemagetsi zvichiramba zvichidzika muhukuru, Surface Mount Technology (SMT) inotonga indasitiri nekuda kwekushanda kwayo mukubata zvidiki.

mhedziso

Wave soldering, tekinoroji yakazvarwa kunze kwekudikanwa kwekugadzirisa PCB gungano, yakashanduka kuita yakanyatso shanda uye chaiyo solder nzira. Kunzwisisa misimboti yayo, nhanho, uye basa remidziyo yemidziyo yakakosha kuti uwane inowirirana uye yakavimbika solder mhedzisiro. Nepo wave soldering ine mabhenefiti ayo, kunyanya mukuteera-yemahara-yemahara uye mutengo-kushanda, inogona kunge isiri yakakodzera kune ese marudzi ezvikamu, kunyanya zvidiki uye zvakanyanya kurongedzerwa Surface Mount Device (SMD) zvikamu. Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichifambira mberi, iyo PCB indasitiri yegungano ichagadzirisa kusangana nezvinodiwa zveminiaturization uye chaiyo solder.

Pakuronga kugadzirwa, zvinobatsirawo kuenzanisa nyaya iyi neongororo yePCB assembly ne impedance control usati wapedzisa kugadzira kana kugadzira pasuru.