High Frequency PCB: Tsanangudzo, Zvakanakira, uye Zvishandiso

Chii chinonzi High Frequency PCB?

Tsanangudzo uye Chinangwa

PCB ine mafrequency akawandisa ibhodhi redunhu rakagadzirirwa kushanda pamafrequencies anowanzo pfuura 1GHz, rinowanzoshandiswa mumapurogiramu eredhiyo nema microwave. Mabhodhi aya akagadzirwa kuti abate kutumira masaini ekumhanya kwepamusoro pasina kurasikirwa kwakanyanya uye kukanganisa, zvichiita kuti ave akakosha kumasystem ekukurukurirana emazuva ano uye maelectronics epamusoro.

Hunhu Hunokosha Hwezvinhu

Hunhu hunoratidza maPCB ane mafrequency akawandisa hunosanganisira zvinhu zvisingachinji zve dielectric, zvinhu zvinoderedza kupararira, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwechiratidzo. Kusiyana nemabhodhi eFR-4 akajairwa, maPCB ane mafrequency akawandisa anoshandisa zvinhu zvepamusoro zvakaita sePTFE-based laminates kubva kuvagadziri vakaita se specialty low-loss laminate, Taconic, naArlon. Kune mashandisirwo anodhura zvakanyanya, ma hybrid stackups anosanganisa zvinhu zvine mafrequency akawandisa ne FR-4 layers dzemazuva ano dzinopa nzira yakaringana pakati pekushanda uye bhajeti.

Iyo Yakakwira Frequency PCBs Yakasiyana sei neConventional Boards

Musiyano wakakosha pakati peakakwira frequency PCBs uye akajairwa mabhodhi ari mumabatiro avanoita electromagnetic wave kuparadzira. Pamafrequency ari pamusoro pe1GHz, kunyangwe kusawirirana kudiki kwezvinhu kana kusakwana kwedhizaini kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwechiratidzo, kuchinjika kwechikamu, uye kukanganisa kunokanganisa kuita kwedunhu.

Hunhu Hunokosha Hwepamusoro Frequency PCBs

Dielectric Constant Stability

Chinochinjika che dielectric chinoona kuti mafungu e electromagnetic anopararira sei kuburikidza nePCB substrate. Zvinhu zve PCB zvine frequency yakakwira zvinochengetedza maDk values ​​akafanana pakupisa kwakasiyana-siyana uye ma frequency, zvichiita kuti pave nehukama hwechiratidzo hunofungidzirwa. Hunhu hwe dielectric hwakagadzikana hwakakosha kumapurogiramu anoda nguva chaiyo uye kuenderana, senge phased array antennas uye high-speed digital interfaces.

Dissipation Factor uye Signal Loss

Iyo disipation factor inokanganisa zvakananga kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo mune yakakwira frequency PCBs. Zvishandiso zvine yakaderera Df kukosha kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba sezvo masaini achipfuura nebhodhi, kuchengetedza simba rechiratidzo uye kuderedza kudiwa kwekusimudzira. Premium yakakwira frequency laminates inowanzo ratidza maDf maitiro ari pazasi 0.004, zvakanyanya kupfuura zvakajairwa zvinhu zvinogona kudarika 0.020.

Thermal Kuwedzera Matching

Coefficient of thermal kuwedzera kuenderana pakati pemhangura akaturikidzana uye substrate zvinhu zvinodzivirira mechanical kusagadzikana mu multilayer high frequency PCB magungano. Mismatched CTE values ​​inogona kukonzera delamination, kutsemuka kwakapetwa nepakati-maburi, uye kutadza kuvimbika panguva yekutenderera bhasikoro. Yepamberi yakakwirira frequency zvinhu zvinogadzirwa kuti zvinyatsoenderana nemhangura yekuwedzera kupisa maitiro.

Copper Surface Roughness Control

Pama microwave frequency, kushata kwemhangura kunova chinhu chakakosha mukurasikirwa kwekondukita. High frequency PCB yekugadzira inoshandisa yakaderera-mbiri yemhangura foils kana reverse-yakagadzirwa mhangura kuti ideredze kurasikirwa kweganda. Kuderedza kushata kwepamusoro kubva kumaprofiles kusvika kune ekupedzisira-akaderera maprofiles kunogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekuisa neanosvika makumi matatu muzana pamafrequency ari pamusoro pe10GHz.

Precision Impedance Control

Kuwana kwakasimba impedance kushivirira kunoda kunyatso kudzora kwekutsvaga geometry uye dielectric ukobvu mune yakakwirira frequency PCB kugadzira. Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvinoda impedance iko mukati mekuwedzera kana kubvisa zvishanu muzana kana zvirinani, zvichidikanwa kudzora maitiro epamberi uye zvinhu zvine hunoenderana zvivakwa zvemagetsi mukati mekugadzira.

Zvakanakira Kushandisa High Frequency PCBs

Yakagadzikana Signal Transmission

Yakakwira frequency PCBs inopa yemhando yepamusoro chiratidzo kutendeseka kuburikidza nekuderedzwa kurasikirwa, kushoma crosstalk, uye yakaderera ruzha maitiro. Zvishandiso zvakasarudzika uye maitiro anodzorwa ekugadzira anovimbisa kuti chiratidzo chemhando inoramba ichienderana kunyangwe kune akawanda-gigahertz anoshanda ma frequency, achigonesa yakavimbika data kutapurirana mune inoda maapplication.

Yakanakisa Impedance Control

Kuchengeta chaiyo hunhu impedance kwakakosha pakufananidza antenna, amplifiers, uye mitsara yekufambisa muRF uye microwave maseketi. Yakakwira frequency PCB madhizaini anosanganisira inodzorwa impedance traces inochengetedza chiratidzo chekufambisa simba uye kuderedza kuratidzwa. Uku kugona kwakakosha kune isina waya yekutaurirana masisitimu uko impedance inopesana yakanangana nekukanganisa huwandu uye data data.

Thermal Kugadzikana

High frequency PCBs inochengetedza kushanda kwemagetsi kunoenderana nehupamhi hwetembiricha mazinga uye pasi pesimba repamusoro mamiriro. Iyo yepamusoro substrate zvinhu zvinoramba shanduko yezvivakwa izvo zvingakonzeresa frequency kudonha, kusiyana kwe impedance, kana kuwedzera kurasikirwa. Uku kugadzikana kwekupisa kunovimbisa kuvimbika kwenguva refu mune zvese zviri mukati memidziyo yemukati uye yakaoma nzvimbo dzekunze.

Kuvimbika Kwakawedzerwa

Iko kusanganiswa kwemakanika yakagadzikana substrates, inofananidzwa nemafuta ekuwedzera zvivakwa, uye hunyoro-inodzivirira zvinhu zvinopa kuvimbika kwakasarudzika mumagungano ePCB. Aya mabhodhi anomira zviuru zvematenderedzwa ekupisa uye makore ekuenderera mberi kwekushanda pasina kuderedzwa kwekuita, kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa uye system downtime.

Dhizaina Shanduko

High frequency PCB tekinoroji inosanganisa isina musono nepamusoro-density yekubatanidza zvimiro uye zvakasanganiswa-zvinhu stackups. Mainjiniya anogona kusanganisa akakwira frequency akaturikidzana neyakajairwa zvinhu mumasanganiswa madhizaini, kukwirisa mutengo uku uchichengeta yakakosha kuita kweRF munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzebhodhi. Uku kuchinjika kunogonesa yakaomesesa sisitimu architecture inoenzanisa kuita zvinodiwa nehupfumi hwekugadzira.

Zvishandiso zveHigh Frequency PCBs

Telecommunication Equipment

Yechishanu-yechizvarwa isina waya zvivakwa zvinotsamira zvakanyanya pane yakakwira frequency PCBs yebase station modules, yakakura MIMO antenna arrays, uye millimeter-wave beamforming network. Aya mabhodhi anogonesa iyo yakawanda-gigahertz inotakura ma frequency uye yakakura bandwidths inotsanangura 5G kuita. Microwave backhaul links uye madiki maseru deployment zvakare anoenderana neakakwira frequency PCB tekinoroji kuchengetedza chiratidzo chemhando pamusoro pemarezinesi emabhendi ane rezinesi.

Automotive Radar Systems

Masisitimu ekubatsira mutyairi epamberi uye mapuratifomu emotokari anozvimiririra anosanganisira maPCB akakwira muradar module anoshanda pa24GHz uye 77GHz mabhendi. Aya mabhodhi anogadzira zviratidziro kubva kuzvinhu zvakatenderedza kuti agone kudzivirira kudhumhana, adaptive cruise control, uye rubatsiro rwekupaka. Iyo nharaunda yemotokari inoda yakakwira frequency maPCB anoshingirira tembiricha yakanyanyisa, vibration, uye humidity uku ichichengetedza millimeter-wave performance pamusoro pehupenyu hwekushanda kwemotokari.

Medical Imaging Devices

Magnetic resonance imaging systems anoshandisa high frequency PCBs muRF coils uye transmit-receive modules anogadzira uye anoona yenyukireya magineti resonance masiginecha. Zvishandiso zvekurapa zvinosanganisira RF ablation masisitimu inoda chaiyo kuendesa magetsi pama frequency uko akajairwa edunhu mabhodhi aizounza kurasikirwa kusingagamuchirike. Yakakwira frequency PCB tekinoroji inogonesa chiratidzo chekutendeka chinodiwa kuti kuongororwa kwechokwadi uye kushanda kwekurapa.

Aerospace uye Kudzivirira

Satellite kutaurirana mubhadharo, radar masisitimu, uye zvemagetsi zvehondo zvemagetsi zvinoshanda mukati memicrowave uye millimeter-wave frequency renji uko yakakwirira frequency PCB yakakosha. Aya maapplication anongoda kwete chete yakanakisa RF kuita asiwo kuvimbika munzvimbo dzemwaranzi, tembiricha yakanyanyisa, uye vacuum mamiriro. Zvidziviriro masisitimu anosanganisira yakakwira frequency maPCB mune zvinokandwa zvinokandwa, inoshingaira phased array radars, uye yakachengeteka yekutaurirana zvinongedzo.

High-Speed ​​Computing uye Networking

Maswichi edata , ma "core routers", uye mapuratifomu e "high-performance computing" anosunda masaini ekufambisa kupfuura 100Gbps panzira imwe neimwe, zvichida magadzirirwo e "high frequency PCB" anotarisira ma "digital edge rates" uye ma "embedded clock frequencies". Ma "backplane interconnects" uye ma "optical module interfaces" anoda hunhu hwekurasikirwa kwakaderera uye "controlled impedance" inopihwa nezvinhu zve "high frequency", zvichigonesa bandwidth scalability iyo network dzemazuva ano dzinoda.

Kusarudza iyo Yakakodzera Material yeYakakwira Frequency PCB

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunonyanya kutarisisa yakakwira frequency PCB kuita uye mutengo. Imwe neimwe substrate inopa chiyero chakasiyana pakati pekugadzikana kwedielectric, kurasikirwa maitiro, uye manufacturability:

• laminate yakakosha ine kurasikirwa kwakaderera - Yakadzikama dielectric kugadzikana uye mutengo-kushanda, inoenderana neyakajairwa PCB maitiro.
• laminate yakakosha ine kurasikirwa kwakaderera - Yakaderera dielectric kurasikirwa, yakanakira inoda microwave uye RF maseketi.
• Taconic RF-35 -Kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwakaderera uye kuita kwakafanana mukusiyana kwekushisa.
• Panasonic Megtron 6 - Yakagadzirirwa yakakwirira-kumhanya dhijitari masisitimu inoda yakasimba Dk kutonga uye yakaderera chiratidzo skew.

Iko kutengeserana-kusiyana pakati pemutengo uye kuita kunoenderana neyakanangwa yekushanda frequency uye application bandwidth:

• Pazasi 6 GHz – High-frequency FR-4 kana laminate yakasarudzika ine kurasikirwa kwakaderera inowanzopa mashandiro akakwana pamutengo wakaderera.
• Pamusoro pe10 GHz - Yekutanga PTFE-yakavakirwa kana yekupedzisira-yakaderera-kurasikirwa laminates inova yakakosha kudzikisa kuisa kurasikirwa uye ruzha.

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunofanirwawo kufunga nezvekugadzira kuenderana uye kugadzirira gungano:

• Zvisungo zvekugadzira -Mamwe ma substrates anoda nyanzvi yekuchera, nzira, uye kugadzirira pamusoro.
• Supplier kugona - Havasi vese vagadziri vePCB vakashongedzerwa kubata epamusoro RF zvinhu kana hybrid stackups.
• Kukurukurirana kwepakutanga -Kukurukurirana zvinhu uye maitiro zvinodiwa nevagadziri kunodzivirira kugadziridza uye kunonoka kugadzira.

Kusarudza zvinhu zvePCB zvine frequency yakakwira ndiko kwakakosha pakati pekushanda kwemagetsi, mutengo, uye kugona kugadzira - sarudzo yakanakisisa inotorwa nekubatsirana nevashandi vePCB vane ruzivo.

mhedziso

Yakakwira frequency PCBs inosanganisa zvigadzirwa zvepamberi, kugadzira chaiyo, uye dhizaini yakarangwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana uye kuderera kwechiratidzo kurasikirwa kwese kunoda maapplication. Izvo zvakakosha mukutaurirana kusina waya, motokari radar, uye high-speed computing systems uko kunoenderana kushanda kwemagetsi kwakakosha.

Kuwana mhedzisiro yakavimbika kunoenderana nekushanda nevagadziri vane ruzivo muRF zvinhu, impedance control, uye maitiro nemazvo. Zvinhu zvisingaoneki zvakadai semabatirwo ezvinhu uye kurongeka kwekugadzira zvinowanzoona kuti dhizaini inongoshanda here kana kuti inonyatsoita.

KuHighleap Electronics, tinopa kugadzirwa kwePCB kakawanda neRF yakavimbika uye maitiro ekudzivirira anodzorwa zvakanyanya. Chikwata chedu cheinjiniya chinoshanda pamwe nevatengi kuti vagadzirise ma "stackups" uye vaenzanise mashandiro avo nekushandisa mari shoma pakugadzira magadzirirwo emagetsi echizvarwa chinotevera.