Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wefayela Le-Gerber Wokukhiqiza i-PCB

Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wamafayela e-Gerber

Uma ulungiselela i-PCB yokwenziwa, iphakheji ye-Gerber ingenye yamafayela abaluleke kakhulu ozowathumela kumenzi. Amaphrojekthi amaningi ayabambezeleka hhayi ngoba isekethe ayilungile, kodwa ngoba idatha ethunyelwe ayiphelele, ifayela lokubhoboza alikho, uhlaka lwebhodi alucacile, noma amafayela akhishwe awafani nokubuyekezwa komklamo kwakamuva.

Iphakheji ehlanzekile ye-Gerber isiza ifektri ukuthi ibuyekeze umsebenzi ngokushesha, icaphune ngokunembe kakhudlwana, futhi ihambise ibhodi ekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB ngemibuzo embalwa. Iphinde inciphise ingozi yamaphutha okukhiqiza ngaphambi kokuba iphrojekthi ifinyelele ezigabeni zokukhiqiza ze-PCB kanye nezigaba zokukhiqiza kamuva.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi ifayela le-Gerber liyini, ukuthi iphakheji ephelele ye-Gerber kufanele ifake ini, ukuthi isibonelo sefayela le-Gerber esijwayelekile sibukeka kanjani, ukuthi ungawakhiqiza kanjani amafayela ngendlela efanele, ukuthi ungawabuyekeza kanjani ngaphambi kokuthumela, nokuthi yini enye engadingeka uma iphrojekthi iqhubeka nokuhlanganiswa kwe -PCB.

Iyini Ifayela Le-Gerber

Ifayela le-Gerber liwumkhiqizo ojwayelekile wokukhiqiza osetshenziselwa ukuchaza idatha yesendlalelo se-PCB yokukhiqiza. Litshela ifektri ukuthi ingalakha kanjani ibhodi ngokuchaza amaphethini ethusi, ukuvuleka kwemaski okusoda, izimpawu zesikrini sesilika, izendlalelo zokunamathisela, uhlaka lwemishini, kanye nezindawo zokubhoboza.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ifayela le-Gerber alifani nomthombo ohlelekayo osetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB . Ifayela lokuklama lingelasemvelo ye-CAD, kanti umphumela we-Gerber uwukukhishwa okulungele ukwenziwa okuvela kulowo mklamo. Yingakho izikhungo zamabhodi zivame ukucela amafayela e-Gerber esikhundleni samafayela ephrojekthi endabuko.

Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, ngokuvamile akukhona ifayela elilodwa le-Gerber. Ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kuqukethe amafayela amaningi, ngalinye limelela ungqimba oluthile lwebhodi noma umsebenzi wokukhiqiza.

Yeka ukuthi iphakheji ephelele ye-Gerber kufanele ifake ini

Iphakheji ephelele ye-Gerber kufanele iqukathe konke okudingwa umenzi ukuze akhe i-PCB engenalutho ngendlela efanele. Kumabhodi amaningi, lokho kuhlanganisa:

• ungqimba lwethusi oluphezulu
• ungqimba lwethusi olungezansi
• izendlalelo zethusi zangaphakathi zamabhodi anezingqimba eziningi
• top imaski ye-solder
• imaski engaphansi kwe-solder
• top isikrini sikasilika
• isikrini sesilika esingezansi
• ungqimba oluphezulu lokunamathisela uma kudingeka
• ungqimba lokunamathisela olungezansi uma kudingeka
• uhlaka lwebhodi noma ungqimba lomshini
• ifayela lokubhoboza lemigodi efakwe amapulangwe kanye nemigodi engafakwanga amapulangwe
• ukuqondisa noma ukugaya idatha uma kudingeka

Uma umklamo uhlanganisa izikhala, i-edge plating, imigodi egobile, ama-countersink, ama-cutout angavamile, amanothi e-impedance, noma izidingo zomzila wephaneli, leyo mininingwane kufanele ifakwe ngokucacile. Ukuntuleka kwesendlalelo esisodwa esibalulekile kungamisa i-oda ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhiqizwa.

Uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa i-Gerber nezinye izindlela zokukhishwa, lesi sihloko sihlobene eduze namafomethi amafayela e-PCB kanye nephakheji ebanzi yokukhishwa esetshenziswa kumafayela okuklama e-PCB.

Isibonelo Sefayela Le-Gerber kanye Nezandiso Zefayela Ezivamile

Abantu abaningi abafuna isibonelo sefayela le-Gerber abafuni ikhodi eluhlaza. Bafuna ukwazi ukuthi iphakethe lokukhiqiza elijwayelekile libukeka kanjani. Ukukhishwa kwe-PCB okujwayelekile okunezingqimba ezimbili kungafaka amafayela anjengalawa:

• ibhodi.gtl yethusi ephezulu
• ibhodi.gbl yethusi engezansi
• ibhodi.gts yemaski ephezulu ye-solder
• ibhodi.gbs yemaski engaphansi kwe-solder
• ibhodi.gto yesikrini sesilika esiphezulu
• ibhodi.gbo yesikrini sesilika esingezansi
• ibhodi.gko noma ibhodi.gm1 ukuze uthole uhlaka lwebhodi
• i-board.drl noma i-board.txt yedatha yokubhoboza

Ungase futhi ubone okujwayelekile .gbr isandiso, ikakhulukazi lapho isofthiwe iqamba zonke izendlalelo ezithunyelwe ngendlela efanayo. Isandiso esiqondile singahluka ngethuluzi le-CAD, kodwa iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ifayela ngalinye liboshwe ngokucacile kungqimba efanele.

Kuma-workflow amaningi anamuhla, i-RS-274X iyindinganiso evamile ye-Gerber ngoba ithwala idatha ephelele yesithombe sesendlalelo kanye nezincazelo ze-aperture ngendlela ewusizo kakhulu kunefomethi endala.

Indlela Yokudala Amafayela E-Gerber Ngokufanele

Ukudala amafayela e-Gerber ngokuvamile kulula, kodwa amaphutha amaningi ayenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthumela ngaphandle. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukuntuleka kwamafayela okubhoboza, ukukhetha okungalungile kwezingqimba, amayunithi angahambisani, kanye nokuthumela kabusha ingxenye ngemva kokushintsha komklamo.

Inqubo esebenzayo ibukeka kanje:

1. Qedela ukwakheka kwe-PCB ngaphambi kokuthumela ngaphandle.
2. Hlola i-geometry yamaphedi, ukuthululwa kwethusi, ama-via, uhlaka, kanye nezici ezikhethekile.
3. Thumela zonke izendlalelo zokwenziwa ezidingekayo, hhayi ithusi kuphela.
4. Khiqiza idatha yokubhoboza ngokwehlukana uma ithuluzi le-CAD liyidinga.
5. Buyekeza iphakheji kusibukeli se-Gerber.
6. Faka ukukhishwa kokugcina kungobo yomlando eyodwa ye-ZIP.
7. Engeza amanothi kunoma yini engaqondakali kusukela ezingqimbeni zodwa.

Amathuluzi amaningi okuklama ajwayelekile angakhiqiza amafayela e-Gerber ngendlela efanele, kufaka phakathi i-KiCad . Isofthiwe ngokwayo iyingxenye yenqubo. Izilungiselelo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezilungile kanye nokubuyekezwa ngokucophelela kubalulekile.

Indlela Yokubuyekeza Amafayela e-Gerber Ngaphambi Kokuwathumela

Enye yezindlela ezilula zokuvimbela ukubambezeleka kokukhiqiza ukuvula iphakheji ethunyelwe kwamanye amazwe bese uyiqinisekisa ngaphambi kokuthumela. Ukubuyekezwa okusheshayo kuvame ukubamba izinkinga ezidala ukushintshana kwama-imeyili okubizayo noma ukuphinda kusebenze.

Ngaphambi kokuthumela amafayela, qinisekisa ukuthi:

• zonke izendlalelo ezidingekayo zikhona
• uhlaka lwebhodi lulungile
• imigodi yokubhoboza ihambisana nama-pad
• izimbobo zemaski yesolder ziveza ama-pad angakwesokudla
• isikrini sesilika asinyathelisi phezu kwethusi eliveziwe
• izendlalelo zangaphakathi zifakiwe uma ibhodi linezendlalelo eziningi
• ama-cutout kanye nezikhala zivela lapho kulindelekile
• iphakheji ephelele ingeyokubuyekezwa kokugcina okukodwa

Lesi sinyathelo sibaluleke kakhulu uma iphrojekthi isidlulile ezinguqukweni zesakhiwo sekwephuzile. Iphutha elivamile ukuvuselela izingqimba zethusi kodwa ukhohlwe ukuvuselela ifayela lokubhoboza noma uhlaka lwebhodi.

Izinkinga Zefayela Ezivamile Ze-Gerber Ezibambezela Ukukhiqizwa

Ngisho noma iphakheji ibonakala iphelele, izinkinga ezimbalwa ezivamile zisenganciphisa umsebenzi:

• idatha yokubhoboza engekho
• isendlalelo sohlaka olungalungile
• izibuyekezo zamafayela axubile
• umphumela wemaski we-solder ongaphelele
• ukuqanjwa kwesendlalelo semishini okungacacile
• izidingo zokukhiqiza ezikhethekile azibhalwanga phansi

Lezi zinkinga zithinta okungaphezu kokunemba kokwenziwa. Zibuye zinciphise ukucaphuna, ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela, kanye nokuhlela. Uma ifektri kufanele ibuze ukuthi ngabe imbobo ifakiwe yini, ukuthi ngabe uhlaka lwakamuva lungolokugcina, noma ukuthi kudingeka yini ukufakwa kwamaphaneli, isheduli iyaqhubeka ngokushesha.

Ezinkampanini ezizama ukunciphisa isikhathi sokukhishwa, yingakho ikhwalithi yokukhishwa kweGerber ibaluleke kakhulu njengokwakheka kwayo.

Okufanele Uthumele Kanye Namafayela e-Gerber

Ngokwenziwa kwebhodi elingenalutho, amafayela e-Gerber kanye nedatha yokubhoboza yizinto eziyinhloko ezikhiqizwayo. Kodwa amaphrojekthi amaningi adinga okungaphezu kwalokho. Kuye ngebhodi kanye nomhlinzeki, kungadingeka futhi uthumele:

• ulwazi lwe-stackup
• izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo
• ukujiya kwethusi
• izimfuneko zokuqeda phezulu
• imiyalelo yokufaka amaphaneli
• amanothi okukhiqiza ngezici ezikhethekile

Uma iphrojekthi izoqhubeka nokuhlanganiswa, amafayela e-Gerber kuphela awanele. Umenzi angadinga futhi i-BOM, idatha yokukhetha nokubeka, umdwebo wokuhlanganiswa, nanoma yikuphi ukuphathwa okukhethekile noma amanothi okuhlola. Emisebenzini yokusebenza yokutholwa okusebenzayo nokukhiqiza, lokhu kuvame ukuxhumana ngqo nokutholwa kwezingxenye kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB okuqondiswe kakhulu.

Kungani Amafayela Amahle e-Gerber Enga Isikhathi Futhi Enciphisa Ingozi

Amafayela e-Gerber alungiselelwe kahle asiza kokubili ikhasimende kanye nomkhiqizi. Enza ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kusheshe, anciphise ama-imeyili okucacisa, anciphise amathuba amaphutha okukhiqiza, futhi athuthukise ukubikezela kwesheduli.

Embonini, iphakheji ehlanzekile yenza kube lula ukuqonda ibhodi bese ilihambisa ekukhiqizweni. Kumakhasimende, idala indlela ebushelelezi kusukela ekukhishweni kuya ku-PCB eqediwe.

Uma ufuna imibuzo embalwa, impendulo esheshayo, kanye nemiphumela ethembekile, indawo ephumelela kakhulu yokuqala iwukusebenzisa iphakheji ephelele ye-Gerber ehlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuthumela.

Kumaphrojekthi amaningi e-PCB angempela, umehluko phakathi kokuhleleka okubushelelezi nokukhungathekisayo akuwona ubunzima bebhodi. Yikhwalithi yamafayela okukhiqiza athunyelwe ekuqaleni.

Izandiso ezihlukene zamafayela e-Gerber

Amafayela e-Gerber angaba nezandiso ezihlukahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwedatha aqukethe. Nazi ezinye izandiso zefayela le-Gerber ezivamile nezincazelo zazo:

• .gbr noma .ger: Lezi izandiso ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kumafayela e-Gerber futhi ziqukethe ulwazi mayelana nezendlalelo ezihlukene ze-PCB, okuhlanganisa imikhondo yethusi, izimbobo zokubhoboza, nezendlalelo zesikrini sikasilika.
• .pho: Lesi sandiso ngezinye izikhathi sisetshenziselwa amafayela okukhipha i-photoplotter, afana namafayela e-Gerber, aqukethe uhlobo olufanayo lolwazi.
• .phezulu kanye .bot: Lezi zandiso zihlukanisa phakathi kwezingqimba ezingaphezulu neziphansi zomklamo we-PCB.
• .smt kanye .smb: Lezi zandiso zikhombisa i-solder mask top kanye nezingqimba ezingezansi zemaski yedizayini ye-PCB, ngokulandelana.
• .cmp: Lesi sandiso kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziselwa isendlalelo esiphezulu sedizayini ye-PCB ebonisa izingxenye.
• .plc: Lesi sandiso kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziselwa isendlalelo esiphezulu sedizayini ye-PCB ebonisa ukubekwa kwezingxenye.
• .sol: Lesi sandiso kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziselwa isendlalelo esingezansi sedizayini ye-PCB ebonisa imikhondo yethusi.
• .stc: Lesi sandiso ngezinye izikhathi sisetshenziselwa isendlalelo esiphezulu sedizayini ye-PCB ebonisa ulwazi lwe-stencil ye-solder yokuphrinta i-stencil.
• .sts: Lesi sandiso kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziselwa isendlalelo esingezansi somklamo we-PCB obonisa ulwazi lwe-stencil ye-solder yokuphrinta i-stencil.
• .drd: Lesi sandiso sibonisa idatha yokubhoboza yedizayini ye-PCB, ebonisa lapho imigodi kufanele ibhojwe khona.
• .dri: Lesi sandiso kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziswa kudatha ye-drill yedizayini ye-PCB.

Ukuqonda lezi zandiso kusiza abaklami nabakhiqizi ukukhomba ulwazi oluthile oluqukethwe kufayela ngalinye le-Gerber futhi bahlele inqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PCB.

Isandiso sefayela le-Gerber kusuka ku-software ehlukile

I-CAD Software	Izandiso zefayela le-Gerber	Uhlobo Lwesendlalelo se-PCB okungenzeka
I-KiCAD	ibhodi-F_Cu.gbr	Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
	ibhodi-F.Cu.gbr	Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
	ibhodi-F.Cu.gtl	Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
	ibhodi-F_Mask.gbr	I-Soldermask ephezulu
	ibhodi-F.Mask.gbr	I-Soldermask ephezulu
	ibhodi-F.Mask.gts	I-Soldermask ephezulu
	ibhodi-F_SilkS.gbr	Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen
	ibhodi-F.SilkS.gbr	Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen
	ibhodi-F.SilkS.gto	Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen
	ibhodi-F_Paste.gbr	I-Solderpaste ephezulu
	ibhodi-F.Namathisela.gbr	I-Solderpaste ephezulu
	ibhodi-F.Namathisela.gtp	I-Solderpaste ephezulu
	ibhodi-B_Cu.gbr	Isendlalelo Sethusi Esingezansi
	ibhodi-B.Cu.gbr	Isendlalelo Sethusi Esingezansi
	ibhodi-B_Mask.gbr	I-Soldermask engezansi
	ibhodi-B.Mask.gbr	I-Soldermask engezansi
	ibhodi-B.Mask.gbs	I-Soldermask engezansi
	ibhodi-B_SilkS.gbr	Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi
	ibhodi-B.SilkS.gbr	Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi
	ibhodi-B.SilkS.gbo	Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi
	ibhodi-B_Namathisela.gbr	I-Solderpaste engezansi
	ibhodi-B.Namathisela.gbr	I-Solderpaste engezansi
	ibhodi-B.Namathisela.gbp	I-Solderpaste engezansi
	ibhodi-In1_Cu.gbr	Ungqimba Lwethusi Lwangaphakathi
	ibhodi-Inner1.Cu.gbr	Ungqimba Lwethusi Lwangaphakathi
	board-Inner1.Cu.g3	Ungqimba Lwethusi Lwangaphakathi
	board-Edge_Cuts.gbr	Uhlaka Lwebhodi
	board-Edge.Cuts.gbr	Uhlaka Lwebhodi
	board-Edge.Cuts.gm1	Isendlalelo sikaMechanical Webhodi
	board.drl	I-Drill Layer
	ibhodi-NPTH.drl	I-Drill None Plated Layer
	ibhodi-phezulu.pos	Gerber Umdwebo
	ibhodi-phansi.pos	Gerber Umdwebo
I-Eagle	ibhodi.CMP	Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
	ibhodi.phezulu	Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
	ibhodi.STC	I-Soldermask ephezulu
	ibhodi.tsm	I-Soldermask ephezulu
	ibhodi.PLC	Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen
	ibhodi.tsk	Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen
	ibhodi.CRC	I-Solderpaste ephezulu
	ibhodi.tsp	I-Solderpaste ephezulu
	ibhodi.SOL	Isendlalelo Sethusi Esingezansi
	board.bot	Isendlalelo Sethusi Esingezansi
	ibhodi.STS	I-Soldermask engezansi
	ibhodi.bsm	I-Soldermask engezansi
	ibhodi.PLS	Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi
	ibhodi.bsk	Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi
	board.CRS	I-Solderpaste engezansi
	ibhodi.bsp	I-Solderpaste engezansi
	ibhodi.LY2	Ungqimba Lwethusi Lwangaphakathi
	ibhodi.L15	Ungqimba Lwethusi Lwangaphakathi
	ibhodi.DIM	Uhlaka Lwebhodi
	ibhodi.mil	I-Mill Layer
	board.gml	Isendlalelo sikaMechanical Webhodi
	ibhodi.TXT	I-Drill Layer
	ibhodi.xln	I-Drill Layer
	ibhodi.exc	I-Drill Layer
	board.drd	I-Drill Layer
I-Altium	board.gtl	Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
	board.gts	I-Soldermask ephezulu
	board.gto	Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen
	board.gtp	I-Solderpaste ephezulu
	ibhodi.gbl	Isendlalelo Sethusi Esingezansi
	board.gbs	I-Soldermask engezansi
	ibhodi.gbo	Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi
	ibhodi.gbp	I-Solderpaste engezansi
	ibhodi.g1	Ungqimba Lwethusi Lwangaphakathi
	ibhodi.gm3	Isendlalelo sikaMechanical Webhodi
	board.gko	Uhlaka Lwebhodi
	board.txt	I-Drill Layer
I-OrCAD	ibhodi.TOP	Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
	ibhodi.SMT	I-Soldermask ephezulu
	ibhodi.SST	Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen
	ibhodi.SPT	I-Solderpaste ephezulu
	ibhodi.BOT	Isendlalelo Sethusi Esingezansi
	ibhodi.SMB	I-Soldermask engezansi
	ibhodi.SSB	Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi
	ibhodi.SPB	I-Solderpaste engezansi
	ibhodi.IN1	Ungqimba Lwethusi Lwangaphakathi
	ibhodi.FAB	Uhlaka Lwebhodi
	ibhodi.TAP	I-Drill Layer
I-gEDA-PCB	board.bottom.gbr	Isendlalelo Sethusi Esingezansi
	board.bottommask.gbr	I-Soldermask engezansi
	board.bottomsilk.gbr	Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi
	board.fab.gbr	I-Drill Layer
	board.plated-drill.cnc	I-Drill Layer
	board.out.gbr	Uhlaka Lwebhodi
	board.top.gbr	Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
	ibhodi.topmask.gbr	I-Soldermask ephezulu
	board.toppaste.gbr	I-Solderpaste ephezulu
	ibhodi.topsilk.gbr	Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen
I-Eagle	ibhodi-name.boardout.ger	Uhlaka Lwebhodi
	ibhodi-name.bottomlayer.ger	Isendlalelo Sethusi Esingezansi
	ibhodi-name.bottomsilkscreen.ger	Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi
	ibhodi-name.bottomsoldermask.ger	I-Soldermask engezansi
	ibhodi-igama.bcream.ger	I-Solderpaste engezansi
	board-name.drills.xln	I-Drill Layer
	ibhodi-igama.internalplane1.ger	Ungqimba Lwethusi Lwangaphakathi
	ibhodi-igama.internalplane2.ger	Ungqimba Lwethusi Lwangaphakathi
	ibhodi-igama.toplayer.ger	Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
	ibhodi-name.topsilkscreen.ger	Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen
	ibhodi-name.topsoldermask.ger	I-Soldermask ephezulu
	ibhodi-igama.tcream.ger	I-Solderpaste ephezulu

Ukuvela kwamafomethi wefayela le-Gerber

Amafayela e-Gerber athuthukile ngokuhamba kweminyaka ukuze ahambisane nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-PCB nokukhiqiza. Amafomethi wefayela le-Gerber asetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla yi-RS-274-D kanye ne-RS-274-X. Nakhu okufingqiwe kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabo:

1. RS-274-D

I-RS-274-D kwakuyifomethi yoqobo ye-Gerber eyethulwa ngu-H. Joseph Gerber ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Imele intuthuko enkulu ngaleso sikhathi, ivumela ukumelwa okunembile kwemiklamo ye-PCB. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, i-RS-274-D yabhekana nemikhawulo ekumeleleni imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi.

2. RS-274-X (I-Gerber Enwetshiwe)

I-RS-274-X, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Extended Gerber, yethulwa njengenguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-RS-274-D. Yabhekana nemikhawulo yefomethi yangaphambilini futhi yaba indinganiso yemboni yamafayela e-Gerber. I-RS-274-X inikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe, okuvumela abaklami ukuthi bacacise izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ulwazi lokuvula, obekungenzeki ku-RS-274-D.

Nakuba i-RS-274-X kuyifomethi esetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ifomethi ye-Gerber iqhubekile nokuvela. Amafomethi amasha nezandiso zethulwe ukuze zisekele izici ezengeziwe nezimfuneko kumiklamo yesimanje ye-PCB.

Izici ze-Gerber File Viewer

Ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kwamafayela e-Gerber futhi wenze lula ukuqinisekiswa komklamo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isibukeli sefayela le-Gerber. Isibukeli sefayela le-Gerber iyithuluzi lesofthiwe elivumela abaklami nabakhiqizi ukuthi babone ngeso lengqondo idatha yokuklama ye-PCB equkethwe kumafayela e-Gerber. Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzibheke kusibukeli sefayela le-Gerber:

1. Ukubonakala Kwesendlalelo

Isibukeli esihle sefayela le-Gerber kufanele sivumele abasebenzisi ukuthi babuke izendlalelo ngazinye zedizayini ye-PCB, njengokulandela umkhondo wethusi, izendlalelo zamaski ezidayiswayo, izendlalelo zesikrini sikasilika, nokuningi. Ukwazi ukuguqula phakathi kwezendlalelo kubalulekile ekuhlolweni nasekuqinisekiseni.

2. Zoom kanye nezilawuli ze-Pan

Izilawuli zokusondeza ne-pan zibalulekile ekuhloleni imininingwane emihle yesakhiwo se-PCB. Abasebenzisi kufanele bakwazi ukusondeza ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezindawo ezithile futhi banwebe umklamo kalula.

3. Amathuluzi Okulinganisa

Amathuluzi okulinganisa avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balinganise amabanga, ama-engeli, nobukhulu edizayini ye-PCB. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umklamo ufana nokucaciswa okuhlosiwe.

4. Ulwazi Lwembobo

Isibukeli sefayela le-Gerber kufanele sibonise ulwazi mayelana nezimbobo ezisetshenziswe efayelini. Izimbobo ziyizimo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezahlukahlukene, njengokwenza imikhondo yethusi yobubanzi obuhlukile.

5. Ukuqhathanisa Komklamo

Abanye ababukeli befayela le-Gerber banikeza isici sokuqhathanisa umklamo, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqhathanise ukubuyekezwa okuhlukile komklamo ofanayo noma baqhathanise ifayela le-Gerber nesakhiwo sokuqala se-PCB.

6. Gerber Ukuhlela

Izibukeli ze-Gerber ezithuthukisiwe zingabandakanya amakhono okuhlela, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze izinguquko ezincane kufayela le-Gerber uma kudingeka. Nokho, ukuhlela kufanele kusondelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukwethula amaphutha.

7. Ukuhambelana

Qinisekisa ukuthi isibuki sefayela le-Gerber siyahambisana nefomethi yefayela le-Gerber oyisebenzisayo, noma ngabe i-RS-274-X noma ifomethi entsha.

8. Thumela Izinketho

Ikhono lokuthekelisa idatha yedizayini ye-PCB kwamanye amafomethi noma ukuphrinta kuyisici esiwusizo kusibukeli sefayela le-Gerber.

9. Ukusekela kwe-Cross-Platform

Bheka izibukeli zefayela le-Gerber ezitholakala ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziningi (i-Windows, i-macOS, i-Linux) ukuze uvumelane nezintandokazi zabasebenzisi abahlukene.

Izinketho ezimbalwa zesofthiwe yokubuka ifayela le-Gerber ziyatholakala, kokubili mahhala futhi kuyakhokhelwa. Izinketho ezidumile zifaka i-GerbView, i-ViewMate, ne-GC-Prevue.

Iyiphi Isoftware ye-CAD Engakha Amafayela e-Gerber?

Ukuklama ama-PCB ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-CAD (Computer-Aided Design) eklanyelwe umklamo we-PCB. Lawa maphakheji e-software e-CAD avumela abaklami ukuthi bakhe futhi bakhiphe amafayela e-Gerber. Nazi ezinye zezinhlelo zesoftware ye-CAD ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezingakhiqiza amafayela e-Gerber:

I-Altium Designer : I-Altium Designer iyisofthiwe yokuklama i-PCB ethandwayo nephelele esekela ukudalwa kwamafayela e-Gerber. Inikeza izici eziningi zokuklama i-PCB, kufaka phakathi ukuthwebula okuhleliwe, imitapo yolwazi yezingxenye, kanye nokumodela kwe-3D.

I-Eagle PCB : I-Eagle PCB, manje eseyingxenye ye-Autodesk, ingenye isofthiwe yokuklama i-PCB esetshenziswa kabanzi engathumela amafayela e-Gerber. Inikeza isikhombikubona esisebenziseka kalula kanye namakhono okuklama aqinile.

I-KiCad : I-KiCad iyisofthiwe yokuklama i-PCB yomthombo ovulekile ehlonishwa kakhulu emiphakathini yabenzi kanye nabantu abathanda ukulithanda. Inikeza ukusebenza kokuthumela amafayela e-Gerber kanye nendawo yokubambisana yamaphrojekthi okuklama.

I-OrCAD : I-OrCAD yi-Cadence Design Systems iyisofthiwe yobuchwepheshe yokuklama i-PCB ehlanganisa amathuluzi okuthwebula nge-schematic, ukulingisa, kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-PCB. Isekela ukuthunyelwa kwefayela le-Gerber ukuze kukhiqizwe.

I-Allegro PCB : I-Allegro PCB iyithuluzi lokuklama i-PCB eliphezulu eliphinde lathuthukiswa yi-Cadence Design Systems. Lifanele imiklamo ye-PCB eyinkimbinkimbi nethuthukisiwe futhi lingathumela amafayela e-Gerber ukuze akhiqizwe.

Ama-PADS : I-PADS, yi-Mentor, i-Siemens Business, iyisisombululo sesofthiwe yokuklama i-PCB esinekhono lokuthumela amafayela e-Gerber. Inikeza amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuklama, ukwakheka, kanye nokuhlaziya okuhlelekile.

I-EasyEDA : I-EasyEDA iyithuluzi lokuklama i-PCB eliku-inthanethi elivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe imiklamo ye-PCB endaweni esekwe kuwebhu. Isekela ukuthunyelwa kwefayela le-Gerber futhi inikeza izici zokubambisana.

I-Proteus : I-Proteus iyiphakheji yesofthiwe yokuklama nokulingisa ye-PCB engathumela amafayela e-Gerber. Iyaziwa ngamakhono ayo okulingisa kanye nokuhlanganiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-microcontroller.

Lezi zinketho zesoftware ye-CAD ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezici, ubunkimbinkimbi, namanani entengo. Abaklami kufanele bakhethe leyo ehambisana kangcono nezidingo zabo ezithile kanye nesabelomali.

Izinyathelo Zokukhiqiza Amafayela E-Gerber kusuka ku-PCB Design

Ukukhiqiza amafayela e-Gerber kusuka kumklamo we-PCB kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuphelela. Nansi inkomba yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi ungawakha kanjani amafayela e-Gerber:

1. Qedela i-PCB Design

Ngaphambi kokukhiqiza amafayela e-Gerber, qiniseka ukuthi umklamo wakho we-PCB uphelele futhi uqinisekiswe ngokuphelele. Hlola amaphutha edizayini, ukubekwa kwezingxenye, noxhumo lukagesi.

2. Thumela Amafayela e-Gerber

Amaphakheji amaningi e-PCB design software anesici esizinikezele sokuthekelisa amafayela e-Gerber. Finyelela lesi sici bese ukhetha izendlalelo nezinketho zokuthekelisa. Qinisekisa ukuthi uthumela ngaphandle zonke izendlalelo ezidingekayo, okuhlanganisa ukulandelelwa kwethusi, imaski ye-solder, isikrini sikasilika, izimbobo zokubhoboza, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izendlalelo ezifanele.

3. Qinisekisa Amafayela Athekelisiwe

Ngemva kokuthekelisa amafayela e-Gerber, wabuyekeze ngokucophelela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi amelela ngokunembile umklamo wakho we-PCB. Sebenzisa isibukeli sefayela le-Gerber ukuze uhlole isendlalelo ngasinye, uhlole amaphutha, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izici zokuklama zikhona.

4. Cindezela Amafayela e-Gerber

Ukuze wenze lula inqubo yokukhiqiza, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukucindezela amafayela e-Gerber endaweni yomlando ye-ZIP eyodwa. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukwabelana ngamafayela nomkhiqizi wakho we-PCB.

5. Faka i-ReadMe Documentation

Dala idokhumenti ye-ReadMe ehlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana namafayela e-Gerber, okuhlanganisa izincazelo zesendlalelo, amayunithi okulinganisa, nanoma yimiphi imiyalelo ekhethekile noma amanothi omkhiqizi.

6. Thumela Amafayela E-Gerber Kumkhiqizi

Uma usuwaqinisekisile futhi wacindezela amafayela e-Gerber, wathumele kumkhiqizi oyikhethile we-PCB. Nazi izinyathelo ezisele kule nqubo:

7. Xhumana Nomkhiqizi

Kubalulekile ukugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile nomkhiqizi wakho we-PCB oyikhethile. Yabelana nganoma yiziphi izidingo ezithile noma imiyalelo ehlobene nenqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PCB. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise okuthandwayo kokuqedwa kwendawo, ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nezicelo ezikhethekile.

8. Qinisekisa Imininingwane Yokukhiqiza

Buyekeza imininingwane yokukhiqiza nomkhiqizi wakho we-PCB ukuze uqinisekise ukuqondana nenjongo yakho yokuklama. Qinisekisa ishejuli yokukhiqiza, inani, nanoma yiziphi izinsiza ezengeziwe njengokuhlanganisa, ukuhlola, noma ukuthola ingxenye uma kusebenza.

9. Ukukhiqiza kanye Nokulawula Ikhwalithi

Uma umkhiqizi we-PCB ethola amafayela akho e-Gerber, azoqala inqubo yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-PCB, ukusebenzisa imaski ye-solder, izimbobo zokumba, nezinye izinyathelo ezidingekayo. Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi zizoba khona ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi akukho yini ukonakala futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nezimfuneko zakho.

10. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Prototype (Ongakukhetha)

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokukhiqiza ngobuningi, kuvamile ukucela i-prototype noma iqoqo elincane lama-PCB ukuze lihlolwe futhi liqinisekiswe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhombe futhi ubhekane nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekukhiqizeni ngezinga elikhulu.

11. Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina

Ngemva kokukhiqiza, ama-PCB ahlolwa okokugcina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yawo nokuhambisana namafayela e-Gerber. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi ama-PCB ahlangabezana namazinga emboni kanye nezidingo zakho ezithile zokuklama.

12. Ukuthumela kanye Nokulethwa

Uma ama-PCB esephumelele ukuhlolwa kokugcina, alungiselelwa ukuthunyelwa. Xoxa ngezinketho zokuthumela kanye nezikhathi zesikhathi nomkhiqizi wakho ukuze uhlanganise ukulethwa kwama-PCB akho.

13. PCB Assembly (uma kudingeka)

Uma iphrojekthi yakho ibandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB, ungakwazi ukuzihlanganisela izingxenye noma usebenze nomkhiqizi wenkontileka (CM) ogxile ekuhlanganiseni kwe-PCB. Nikeza i-CM ngezingxenye ezidingekayo kanye nemiyalelo yokuhlanganisa, uqinisekise ukuthi ihambisana namafayela akho e-Gerber.

14. Ukuhlola Nokuqinisekisa

Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB (uma kusebenza), yenza ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ama-PCB ahlanganisiwe asebenza njengoba kulindelekile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kukagesi, noma okunye ukuhlola okukhethekile kuye ngezidingo zephrojekthi yakho.

15. Ukuhlanganiswa Emkhiqizweni wokugcina

Faka ama-PCB emkhiqizweni noma ohlelweni lwakho lokugcina. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izixhumo nezixhumi ezibonakalayo zisungulwa ngendlela efanele, futhi wenze ukuhlola okuphelele kwesistimu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphelele.

16. Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo

Kuyo yonke inqubo ye-PCB yokukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa, bhala noma yiziphi izifundo ezifundiwe noma izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe. Le mpendulo ingabaluleka kumaphrojekthi wesikhathi esizayo kanye nokuphindaphinda kwedizayini.

Ukuguqula Ifayela elithi “.Gbr” Gerber libe Ifayela elithi “.Pcb”

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuguqula ifayela le-Gerber libe ifayela le-PCB akuyona inqubo eqondile ngenxa yomehluko wemvelo kumafomethi abo wefayela kanye nezinhlobo zedatha eziqukethwe. Ifayela elithi “.gbr”, ngefomethi ye-Gerber, ngokuyinhloko liqukethe ulwazi oluhlobene nokwenziwa njengamamaski e-solder, imikhondo yethusi, kanye nemininingwane yembobo edingekayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifayela elithi “.pcb” likhethekile ku-software yokuklama ye-PCB futhi lihlanganisa imininingwane egcwele ehlobene nokumelwa okunengqondo komklamo we-PCB, okuhlanganisa ulwazi lomzila, ukubekwa kwengxenye, nemidwebo yeskimu.

Ukuze udale ifayela le-PCB kusuka kumafayela e-Gerber, uzodinga ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokuklama ye-PCB ekhethekile njenge-KiCAD, i-Eagle, noma i-Altium. Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezibandakanyekayo kule nqubo yokuguqula:

1. Yethula isofthiwe yakho yokuklama ye-PCB futhi uqale iphrojekthi entsha.
2. Ngenisa amafayela e-Gerber kusofthiwe ngokuzulazula uye kumenyu ethi “Ifayela” bese ukhetha okuthi “Ngenisa.” Khetha ifayela elifanele elithi ".gbr" ofisa ukusebenza ngalo.
3. Uma amafayela e-Gerber esengenisiwe, wasebenzise njengereferensi yokwenza ukwakheka kwe-PCB. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imisebenzi efana nokubeka izingxenye, ukulandela umkhondo, ukuchaza izendlalelo, kanye nokuhlanganisa ama-vias. Izinqubo eziqondile zingahluka kuye ngesoftware ethile ye-PCB oyisebenzisayo.
4. Ngemva kokuqeda ukuklama ngokweneliseka kwakho, qhubeka nokuthekelisa ifayela le-PCB ngefomethi edingwa umkhiqizi oyikhethile. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhilela ukukhetha imenyu "Yefayela", bese "Thumela," nokukhetha ifomethi yefayela ".pcb" efanele.
5. Ngaphambi kokuthumela ifayela elithunyelwe kumkhiqizi ukuze likhiqize i-PCB, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi liqukethe yonke idatha edingekayo nolwazi oludingekayo ngenqubo yokukhiqiza.

Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi abakhiqizi be-PCB abahlukene bangaba nemininingwane nezintandokazi ezihlukile mayelana nefomethi yefayela le-PCB elithunyelwe ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubheka iziqondiso nezidingo zabo kusenesikhathi. Isibonelo, i-Highleap Electronic , umenzi we-PCB ovelele, inikeza iziqondiso ezithile zokuthumela amafayela e-PCB ngefomethi efanele, engatholakala kuwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni.

Kafushane, inqubo yokuguqula ifayela elithi “.Gbr” Gerber libe ifayela elithi “.Pcb” lihilela ukuzulazula ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kwesofthiwe yokuklama ye-PCB nokuhambisana nemininingwane yomkhiqizi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB okuphumelelayo.

Isiphetho

Amafayela e-Gerber ayingxenye ebalulekile yokwenziwa kwe-PCB, aqondisa inqubo yokwenziwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-PCB ahlangabezana nokucaciswa komklamo. Ukuqonda izingxenye zefayela le-Gerber, ukuvela kwamafomethi wefayela le-Gerber, kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza amafayela e-Gerber kusuka kumklamo we-PCB kubalulekile kunoma ubani ohileleke ekuthuthukisweni kwe-electronics noma i-PCB.

Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezivezwe kulo mhlahlandlela nokusebenzisa isofthiwe efanele ye-CAD nesibukeli sefayela le-Gerber, ungakha amafayela e-Gerber anembile futhi wenze kube yimpumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB. Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nomkhiqizi wakho we-PCB oyikhethile, ukunaka imininingwane, nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile yizici ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-PCB ekhwalithi ephezulu ahlangabezana nezidingo zephrojekthi yakho.