I-RoHS & Ukuhola Kwamahhala
Ukuthobelana ne-RoHS: I-Global Imperative
Hlola ukubaluleka komhlaba wonke kwe-RoHS kanye nomthelela wayo kuma-electronics
Iyini i-RoHS?
I-RoHS imele “Ukukhawulelwa Kwezinto Eziyingozi.” Kuyisiqondiso sokulawula esibe nomthelela omkhulu kuyo yonke imboni yezogesi kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi. I-RoHS yasekuqaleni, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Directive 2002/95/EC, yethulwa yi-European Union ngo-2002. Yayihlose ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyisithupha eziyingozi emikhiqizweni kagesi kanye nekagesi. Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Julayi 2006, yonke imikhiqizo ehloselwe imakethe ye-European Union kufanele ihambisane nezidingo ze-RoHS.
I-Directive 2011/65/EU, eyakhishwa yi-European Union ngo-2011, ijwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi i-RoHS-Recast noma i-RoHS 2. I-RoHS 2 ihlanganisa isiyalelo sokumaka i-CE, okwenza kube isibopho ngemikhiqizo enophawu lwe-CE ukuthi ihambisane nezidingo ze-RoHS. Ukwengeza, i-RoHS 2 yethule izigaba zesi-8 nesesi-9 futhi yethula izidingo zemibhalo eyengeziwe ukuze kuthotyelwe.
I-Directive 2015/863, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-RoHS 3, yandise uhlu lwezinto ezikhawulelwe ngokungeza ama-phthalates amane ezintweni eziyisithupha zokuqala eziyingozi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amalebhu okuhlola aseShayina okwamanje awanalo izinga lokuhlola le-RoHS 3.0. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani ezifana ne-Topdiode ne-UF Capacitors zimemezela ukuthi imikhiqizo yazo ithobela i-RoHS 2.0 futhi zihlela ukubuyekeza izitifiketi zazo ngokuvumelana nemithetho yakamuva.
Ukuthobela i-RoHS kubalulekile emabhizinisini athengisa imikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi emazweni aqondiswe yi-RoHS, kanye nalawo adayisela abathengisi kabusha, abasabalalisi, noma abahlanganisi abasebenzela lawa mazwe. Lo mthetho uhlanganisa imikhiqizo eminingi, kusukela kumadivayisi eselula kuye kumadivayisi e-IoT, abasizi basekhaya abahlakaniphile, amarobhothi, ama-drones, amaphrinta e-3D, namadivayisi wezokwelapha.
I-EU RoHS iveza amazinga aphezulu avumelekile wezinto eziyishumi ezinomkhawulo. Eziyisithupha zokuqala zethulwa nge-RoHS yasekuqaleni, kanti ezine zokugcina zengezwa ngaphansi kwe-RoHS 3, eqale ukusebenza ngoJulayi 22, 2019.
I-Cadmium (Cd): < 100 ppm
Ukuhola (Pb): <1000 ppm
I-Mercury (Hg): <1000 ppm
I-Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI): <1000 ppm
I-Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB): <1000 ppm
I-Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE): <1000 ppm
I-Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): <1000 ppm
I-Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP): <1000 ppm
I-Dibutyl phthalate (DBP): <1000 ppm
I-Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP): <1000 ppm
Ingabe i-RoHS izoba nomthelela kwikhwalithi yama-PCB?
I-RoHS ayithinti ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yama-PCB, njengoba ingeyona indinganiso yekhwalithi. Ukumane nje ihambisane ne-RoHS akuthuthukisi ikhwalithi yebhodi ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, i-RoHS, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-lead-free,” inomthelela omkhulu ekwenziweni kwe-PCB nezinqubo zokudayiswa.
Ukushintshela ekuthengisweni okungenayo umthofu, njengoba kugunyazwe yimithetho ye-RoHS, kudinga izinguquko enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-PCB. I-soldering emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ingase ibe nomthelela ezintweni ze-PCB nezingxenye. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezintsha ze-FR-4 zenzelwe ukumelana nalawa mazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa impilo nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo uwonke.
Kafushane, nakuba ukuthobela i-RoHS ngokwayo kungathuthukisi ikhwalithi ye-PCB, yethula izinguquko ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izidingo zokudayiswa ngaphandle komthofu ziyahlangatshezwa ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukwethembeka nokusebenza komkhiqizo wokugcina.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuthobela imithetho ye-RoHS?
Ukuthobela i-RoHS kubalulekile ekuvikeleni imvelo, ukukhuthaza impilo nokuphepha kwezisebenzi, ukufinyelela izimakethe ezibalulekile, ukuthuthukisa isithunzi somkhiqizo, ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha, nokuhlala ngaphambi kwezinguquko zemithetho.
- Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo: Imithetho ye-RoHS, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Lead-Free Directive, iklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa udoti we-electronic onobuthi. Ngisho nenani elincane lezakhi ezivinjelwe njengomthofu, i-mercury, ne-cadmium zingaba yingozi ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni, nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ukuthobela i-RoHS kusiza ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa komhlabathi, umoya, nemithombo yamanzi, ukuvikela izilwane zasendle nempilo yomphakathi. Ama-PCB angenawo umthofu aphinde abe lula ukugaywa kabusha, anciphise udoti we-elekthronikhi futhi alondoloze izinsiza ze-elekthronikhi ezibalulekile.
- Impilo Nokuphepha Kwabasebenzi: Ukuchayeka emthonjeni isikhathi eside noma esifushane, njengoba kutholakala ku-solder enomthofu, kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yezempilo, okuhlanganisa ubuhlungu bekhanda nezinkinga zokuzala. Ukuthobela imithetho ye-RoHS kuvikela impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi abahililekile ekuhlanganiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwe-PCB, kanye nabantu abasengozini, okuhlanganisa nezingane, abahlala eduze nezindawo zokukhiqiza.
- Ukufinyelela Emakethe: Ukungathobeli imithetho ye-RoHS kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ebhizinisini. Ukuthengisa imikhiqizo engahlangabezani nezimfuneko ze-RoHS akuvunyelwe e-European Union naseCalifornia, izimakethe ezimbili ezinkulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela i-RoHS kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zifinyelele lezi zimakethe ezinenzuzo enkulu, kukhuphule inzuzo futhi kwandise isisekelo samakhasimende azo.
- Ukuthobelana Nomthetho: Imithetho ye-RoHS ibophezela ngokomthetho ezifundeni eziningi, futhi ukungathobeli kungaholela enhlawulo, izinyathelo zomthetho, futhi kulimaze isithunzi senkampani. Ukuthobela izindinganiso ze-RoHS kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lisebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomthetho.
Sengiphetha, ukuthobela i-RoHS akuzuzisi nje indawo ezungezile nempilo yomphakathi kuphela kodwa futhi kuvula iminyango yezimakethe ezibalulekile, kuvikela inhlalakahle yabasebenzi, futhi kuqinisekisa ukubambelela ngokomthetho. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza izinto zikagesi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo nezisimeme.
I-RoHS Compliance FAQ
1
Yiziphi izinkampani ezithintwa yi-RoHS Directive?
Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi elithengisa noma lisabalalisa imikhiqizo esebenzayo ye-EEE, ama-sub-assemblies, izingxenye, noma izintambo ngokuqondile emazweni e-EU, noma elidayisela abathengisa umkhiqizo okwesibili, abasabalalisi, noma abahlanganisi, labo, nabo, abadayisela imikhiqizo emazweni e-EU, liyathinteka uma lisebenzisa noma yikuphi izinto ezivinjelwe. Njengoba imithetho efana ne-RoHS isabalale kwamanye amazwe amaningi, lokhu akusebenzi emazweni e-EU kuphela.
I-RoHS iphinda isebenze embonini yensimbi nganoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kokufakwa kwensimbi, i-anodizing, i-chromating, noma okunye ukuqedwa ezingxenyeni ze-EEE, ama-heatsink, noma izixhumi.
2
I-RoHS ne-WEEE zihlobene kanjani?
I-WEEE isifinyezo se-Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment. I-WEEE, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Directive 2002/96/EC, igunyaza ukuphathwa, ukutholwa kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezisetshenziswa zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi. Yonke imikhiqizo esebenzayo emakethe ye-EU ngemva komhla ka-Agasti 13, 2006 kufanele idlule ukuthobela i-WEEE futhi iphathe isitikha esithi “Wheelie Bin”. Ukuthobela i-WEEE kuhlose ukukhuthaza ukuklanywa kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi kucatshangelwa ukugaywa kabusha okuphephile kwemvelo kanye nokululama engqondweni. Ukuthobela kwe-RoHS kuhlangana ku-WEEE ngokunciphisa inani lamakhemikhali ayingozi asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto zikagesi.
Uma sibeka enye indlela, i-RoHS ilawula izinto eziyingozi ezisetshenziswa lapho kukhiqizwa izinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi (EEE), kuyilapho i-WEEE ilawula ukulahlwa kwalo mshini ofanayo.
3
Ingabe i-RoHS iyasebenza kumathegi e-RFID?
Yebo, womabili ama-RFID asebenzayo nasebenzayo ambozwa yi-RoHS. Ngezinjongo zokupakisha, bahlukaniswa ngaphansi kweSigaba 3. Uma omaka be-RFID benamathiselwe unomphela kumishini noma kumadivayisi, bawela ngaphansi kwesigaba sedivayisi engumzali.
4
Ingabe Imithetho Ye-RoHS Isebenza Kuphela Ku-European Union (EU)?
Cha, imithetho efana ne-RoHS yamukelwe amazwe amaningi nezifunda emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenkathi i-RoHS Directive (Directive 2002/95/EC) yasekuqaleni yethulwa e-EU, imithetho efanayo iye yasetshenziswa e-United States, China, Japan, South Korea, nakwezinye izifunda.
5
Ibhizinisi Lingakuqinisekisa Kanjani Ukuthobela I-RoHS?
- Umthombo wezingxenye nezinto zokwakha ezithobela i-RoHS.
- Yenza ukuhlolwa kanye nemibhalo yezinto zokwakha kanye nemikhiqizo.
- Sebenzisa uhlelo lokuphatha ukuthobela.
- Hlala unolwazi mayelana nezinguquko zokulawula nezibuyekezo.
- Sebenzisana nabahlinzeki bempahla ukuze uqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela i-RoHS, amabhizinisi kufanele:
6
Ingabe Zikhona Izitifiketi Zokuthobela I-RoHS?
Yebo, kunezitifiketi zokuthobela i-RoHS namalebula abakhiqizi abangawathola ukuze babonise ukuthobela kwemikhiqizo yabo. Lezi zitifiketi zinikeza isiqinisekiso kumakhasimende nabalawuli ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-RoHS.
Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuthobela i-RoHS, sicela ungangabazi ukuxhumana nathi kwa-Highleap. Siyindawo yakho yokuma eyodwa yezixazululo ze-PCB ne-PCBA, futhi ithimba lethu lilapha ukuze likusize ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Thatha i-Quote esheshayo
Thola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bethu bungasiza kanjani ngephrojekthi yakho elandelayo ye-PCB.