Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokwenziwa Kwe-PCB
I-PCB Laminate Material
I-PCB laminate iyingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kukagesi, ukuthembeka kokushisa, ukuzinza komshini kanye nokwakhiwa kwezingqimba eziningi. Ukukhetha okufanele kuqala ngezimo zokusebenza kwebhodi, izidingo zesignali, i-stackup, iphrofayili yokuhlanganisa kanye nezinhloso zokuthembeka - hhayi ngegama lezinto kuphela.
Ukubuka konke kwe-PCB Laminate
Ukukhetha izinto kufanele kulandele ukwakheka kukagesi, ukushisa kanye nokwemishini.
I-laminate ye-PCB ihlanganisa uhlelo lwe-resin nokuqinisa, futhi ezakhiweni ezimbozwe ngethusi, i-foil yethusi. Ekwakhiweni kwezingqimba eziningi, ama-core e-laminate kanye nezendlalelo zokubopha zakha isakhiwo se-dielectric esihlukanisa futhi sisekele izendlalelo eziqhubayo.
Kwibhodi lokulawula ledijithali elijwayelekile, umndeni ojwayelekile we-FR-4 ungafaneleka. Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kokushisa kungaguqula ukugxila kube izinhlelo ze-resin ngokukhuthazela okunamandla kokushisa. Iziteshi ezinde zesivinini esikhulu zingabeka isisindo esengeziwe ekulahlekelweni kwe-dielectric kanye nokungaguquguquki kwe-Dk. Ama-elekthronikhi kagesi angase abeke phambili ukusabalala kokushisa, kuyilapho amasekethe aguquguqukayo edinga ukwakhiwa okuhlukile ngokuphelele kwemishini.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zixhumana nobukhulu bethusi, isitayela sengilazi, isikhala se-dielectric, ngesakhiwo kanye nokuziphatha kokucindezela, ukukhetha kokugcina kufanele kuqinisekiswe njengengxenye yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB okuphelele.
Ukulawulwa kwe-impedance, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa, ukuzinza kwesigaba, ukuvikela kanye nokuziphatha kwemvamisa ephezulu.
Izinga lokushisa lokuhlanganisa, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, umkhawulo wokubola, ukwanda kokushisa kanye nokudluliselwa kokushisa.
Ukuqina kobukhulu, ukulawula ukujiya, ukuziphatha okugobile, ukuqina, ukubhoboza kanye nokwakhiwa kwezingqimba eziningi.
Ukuchayeka komswakama, ukucindezeleka kwamandla kagesi, ukungcola, ukujikeleza kokushisa kanye nendawo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo ekugcineni.
Imindeni Yezinto Ezibonakalayo
Izigaba zezinto ezivamile ze-PCB laminate
Lezi yimindeni yobunjiniyela obubanzi kunokuba kube yizigaba ezithile zezentengiselwano. Izici zezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele zihlolwe ngokuqhathanisa nezidingo zomklamo wokugcina kanye nokwakhiwa.
Inhloso Ejwayelekile FR-4
Umndeni we-epoxy oqiniswe ngengilazi osetshenziswa kabanzi ofanele izakhiwo eziningi ze-PCB eziqinile ezijwayelekile.
- I-elekthronikhi yedijithali kanye ne-analog ejwayelekile
- Ama-PCB aqinile anohlangothi olulodwa, olunezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye nolwendlalelo olunezingqimba eziningi
- Izindleko ezilinganisiwe, ukujwayelana kwenqubo kanye namandla okusebenza
Ukushisa Okuthuthukisiwe / Okuphezulu kwe-Tg FR-4
Izinhlelo ze-resin ze-FR-4 zakhiwe ukuze kusetshenziswe umkhawulo wokushisa owengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa nokusebenza.
- Amaphrofayili omhlangano angenawo umthofu
- Inani eliphezulu lezendlalelo noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokushisa
- Imiklamo lapho ukunwetshwa kwe-Z-axis kanye nokukhuthazela kokushisa kudinga ukulawulwa okuseduze
Ama-Laminate Aphansi/Asheshayo
Izinhlelo ze-resin zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-dielectric nokuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kukagesi kwezindlela zesiginali ezidinga amandla.
- Izixhumi ze-serial zesivinini esikhulu
- Iziteshi ezinde ezizwela ukufakwa nokulahlekelwa
- Izakhiwo ze-RF noma ze-microwave lapho ukuziphatha kwe-dielectric kubaluleke kakhulu
Ama-Laminate Angenawo i-Halogen
Imindeni yezinto ezibonakalayo yakhelwe ngezidingo ezingenayo i-halogen ngenkathi kugcinwa inqubo ye-PCB efanele kanye nezici zokuthembeka.
- Imikhiqizo enezidingo zezinto zemvelo ezichaziwe
- Ama-elekthronikhi abathengi, ezimboni kanye nokuxhumana
- Ukukhetha kusadinga ukubuyekezwa kwe-Tg, CTE, Drk, Df kanye nokuziphatha kokucubungula
Izinto Ezisekelwe Ensimbi
Izakhiwo ezisebenzisa isisekelo sensimbi esine-dielectric evikela ukushisa ngogesi ukuze zisuse ukushisa kumadivayisi kagesi.
- Ukukhanya kwe-LED nokuguqulwa kwamandla
- Amamojula okulawula izimoto kanye namandla
- Izicelo lapho ukusabalala kokushisa kuyinhloso eyinhloko yokuklama
Izinto ze-Polyimide neziguquguqukayo
Izinhlelo ze-dielectric eziguquguqukayo ezisetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukugoba, ukunciphisa isisindo noma ukuxhumanisa okuhlangene okunezinhlangothi ezintathu.
- Amasekethe aguquguqukayo futhi aqinile
- Izindawo ezigobile eziguquguqukayo noma ezimile
- Izinto zikagesi ezincane ezineziphakeji ezidinga amandla
I-Ceramic Substrates
Izinhlelo ze-substrate ezingaphili ezisetshenziswa lapho ukuhanjiswa kokushisa, ukufakelwa kukagesi kanye nokuziphatha kobukhulu kubusa umklamo.
- Amamojula anamandla aphezulu
- Izindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile ze-RF, i-LED kanye nokuzwa
Ukwakhiwa Okuhlanganisiwe
I-PCB enezingqimba eziningi ingahlanganisa imindeni yezinto ezibonakalayo ezahlukene lapho izifunda ezahlukene zesitaki zinezidingo ezahlukene zikagesi noma zokushisa.
- Izendlalelo zedijithali ezisheshayo nezijwayelekile ezixubile
- I-RF plus control circuits
- Ukwakhiwa okudinga i-CTE ecophelelayo kanye nokubuyekezwa kokuhambisana komjikelezo wabezindaba
Izinhlelo ze-Resin Eziqondene Nohlelo Lokusebenza
Amanye amaphrojekthi adinga izici ze-laminate ezilungiselelwe i-voltage, ukujikeleza kokushisa, ukumelana ne-CAF, umswakama noma ezinye izithiyo zokuthembeka.
- I-elekthronikhi yezimboni kanye nemvelo enzima
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ngamandla aphezulu noma ezinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu
- Amaphrojekthi anezinhlelo zokuhlola iziqu noma ukuthembeka ezichaziwe
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Laminate
Yini ngempela eyakha uhlelo lwe-PCB laminate?
Ukuqonda ukwakhiwa kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izinto ezimbili ezinezincazelo ezifanayo zesihloko zingaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ku-PCB eqediwe.
I-Laminate Core
Ishidi le-dielectric elilungisiwe, elivame ukumbozwa ngethusi, lisetshenziswa njengesendlalelo sesakhiwo esizinzile ekwakhiweni okuqinile kwezingqimba eziningi.
Isendlalelo Sokubopha / Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokukhulelwa
I-resin eqiniswe kancane enokuqinisa okugeleza futhi kuphole ngesikhathi sokucindezela ngezingqimba eziningi ukuze kuhlanganiswe ithusi kanye nezendlalelo eziyinhloko.
Ukuqinisa Ingilazi
Isitayela sengilazi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-resin kuthinta ukujiya, ukuziphatha kwe-dielectric yendawo, ukubhoboza kanye nezici zobukhulu.
I-Copper Foil
Ubukhulu bethusi kanye nephrofayili yobuso kuthinta ukulahleka komqhubi, ukunamathela, ukuziphatha kokuqopha kanye ne-geometry yokuphela kwe-impedance.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezibalulekile
Indlela yokufunda imingcele ebalulekile ye-laminate
Isibuyekezo esiwusizo sidlula inombolo eyodwa ye-Tg noma ye-Dk. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi izici ezivame kakhulu zisho ukuthini nokuthi ziba nini ezibalulekile.
| Property | Lokho ekuchazayo | Kungani kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB |
|---|---|---|
| UDkt / Er | Ukuvunyelwa okuhlobene kwe-dielectric ngaphansi kwendlela yokuhlola eshiwo kanye nemvamisa. | Kuthinta i-impedance, ukubambezeleka kokusabalala, izakhiwo ze-resonant kanye ne-trace geometry. Qhathanisa amanani kuphela uma isisekelo sokulinganisa siqondwa. |
| I-Df / I-Tangent Yokulahlekelwa | Ukulahlekelwa amandla e-dielectric ngaphansi kwensimu kagesi eshintshanayo. | Kubalulekile ekulahlekelweni kokufakwa ezindleleni zedijithali ne-RF ezisheshayo. Amanani aphansi angasiza ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwe-dielectric, kodwa ithusi kanye ne-geometry nakho kuyasiza. |
| Tg | Indawo yokuguquka kwengilazi yesistimu ye-resin. | Kubonisa ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwe-resin mechanical. Kuwusizo ekwakhiweni kokushisa, kodwa akufanele kubhekwe njengokuphela kwendlela yokulinganisa ukumelana nokushisa. |
| Td | Isici sokubola kokushisa ngaphansi kwendlela yokuhlola echaziwe. | Inikeza ulwazi mayelana nomkhawulo wokwehla kokushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuvezwa okuphindaphindiwe kokuhlangana. |
| I-Z-axis CTE | Ukwanda kwezinto ngokusebenzisa ubukhulu bazo njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha. | Kuhlobene eduze nomgodi ogqitshwe nge-plated kanye nokuthembeka ngesikhathi sokujikeleza ngokushisa kanye nohambo lokuhlanganisa. |
| T260/T288 | Izilinganiso zokukhuthazela kokushisa zesitayela se-delamination ngesikhathi sokushisa okucacisiwe. | Kuwusizo uma uqhathanisa indlela izinhlelo ze-laminate ezibekezelela ngayo ukuvezwa kokushisa okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokwenziwa nokuhlanganiswa. |
| Ukumuncwa komswakama | Inani lomswakama elimuncwa ngaphansi kwendlela yokulungisa eshiwo. | Kungathinta ukuziphatha kwe-dielectric, ukuzinza kobukhulu kanye nokuthembeka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezicindezelwe ukushisa. |
| CTI | Inkomba yokulandelela eqhathanisayo esetshenziswa ukuchaza ukumelana nokulandelela kukagesi okungaphezulu. | Kuhlobene nokuhlanganiswa kokufakwa kokushisa, kodwa ukukhukhuleka komkhiqizo oqediwe, ukususwa, ukungcola kanye nezindinganiso ezisebenzayo nazo kumele zicatshangelwe. |
| Ukuqhuba Ukushisa | Amandla okudlulisa ukushisa ngokusebenzisa izinto. | Kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwensimbi, i-ceramic kanye neminye imishini eqhutshwa ukushisa lapho ukushisa kufanele kusuke ezingxenyeni kuya esakhiweni esisabalala ukushisa. |
| Amandla e-Peel | Amandla okunamathela phakathi kwe-foil yethusi kanye ne-dielectric ngaphansi kwesimo sokuhlola esichaziwe. | Kungabaluleka ekunamatheleni komqhubi, ukuvuselelwa, ukuchayeka ekushiseni kanye nokuqina komshini. |
| Ukuzinza kweDimensional | Ushintsho ngobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo ngokusebenzisa ukucubungula kanye nomlando wokushisa. | Kubalulekile ekubhalisweni okuncane, ukuvumelanisa izingqimba eziningi, ukuxhumana okuqinile kanye namafomethi amaphaneli noma amabhodi amakhulu. |
Amanani eshidi ledatha ancike endleleni yokuhlola, ukwakhiwa kwesampula, imvamisa, isimo kanye nobukhulu. Sebenzisa imibhalo eqondile yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezimo zokuklama lapho uklama ukuvimbela okulawulwayo noma izakhiwo ezivame kakhulu.
Ukukhetha Okuqhutshwa Uhlelo Lokusebenza
Qala ngalokho umkhiqizo oqediwe okumele usinde futhi udlulisele
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile kokuphela kubeka ukucindezeleka okuhlukile ku-dielectric. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi yiziphi izici zezinto ezivame ukudinga ukunakwa kwasekuqaleni.
Ukwakhiwa okuzinzile nokusebenzayo kwezingqimba eziningi
Gxila ekushiseni, umkhawulo wokushisa, ukuqina komshini, ukuziphatha komswakama kanye nokucubungula okuphindaphindwayo kwezingqimba eziningi.
Phatha ukulahleka kwesiteshi kanye nokuvinjelwa
Buyekeza ukulahleka kwe-dielectric, ukuqina kwe-Dk, imiphumela yokweluka kwengilazi, ubulukhuni bethusi kanye ne-geometry ephelele yomugqa wokudlulisela.
Lawula izinga lokushisa kanye nokucindezeleka kokushisa
Ukwakheka kwendlela yokushisa kungaba okubaluleke njengenqwaba kagesi. Cabanga ngokusabalala kokushisa, ukujiya kokushisa kanye nezidingo ze-voltage ndawonye.
Gcina ukuziphatha kwe-dielectric kubikezelwa
Ukulahlekelwa, ukubekezelelana kwe-Dk, ukuqina kobukhulu, ubuso bethusi kanye nokuzwela kwemvelo kungathinta ngqo izakhiwo ze-RF kanye nokuziphatha kwesigaba.
Uhlelo lokujikeleza kokushisa kanye nemvelo
Ukubuyekezwa kwezinto kungase kugcizelele ukwanda kokushisa, ukuvezwa kwezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nomswakama, ukuzinza kwemishini kanye nohlelo lokufaneleka komkhiqizo.
Yakha indawo yokugoba njengohlelo lomshini
Ubukhulu be-dielectric, uhlobo lwethusi, i-radius egobile, i-coverlay kanye nomehluko phakathi kokuguquguquka okungaguquki kanye nokuguquguquka konke kuthinta ukukhethwa kwezinto.
Susa ukushisa kude nomthombo
Ubukhulu kanye nokuqhuba kwe-dielectric eshisayo, i-geometry yesisekelo sensimbi kanye nezimo zesikhombimsebenzisi kudingeka kubhekwe njengendlela eyodwa yokushisa.
Ukuhlanganisa izinto kanye nesikhala esibonakalayo
Izakhiwo ze-CTI kanye ne-dielectric ziyizinto eziwusizo, kodwa ukukhukhuleka, ukususwa kwenhlabathi, izinga lokungcola, ukuphakama kanye nezindinganiso zomkhiqizo kusabalulekile.
Ukwakhiwa okufanekisayo kuphela. Isikhala sokugcina se-dielectric, izisindo zethusi kanye nezitayela zengilazi kufanele zisethwe kusukela ezidingweni zikagesi nezokukhiqiza.
Ukuhlela isitaki
Khetha izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kwezingqimba eziningi ndawonye.
Ishidi ledatha le-laminate alikwazi ukuchaza i-PCB eqediwe ngokwalo. Ubukhulu be-core, izendlalelo zokubopha, ukusatshalaliswa kwethusi, isidingo se-resin, ukubhoboza kanye ne-controlled-impedance geometry kuyasebenzisana ngesikhathi sokwenziwa.
Impedance, isivinini sesixhumi esibonakalayo, imvamisa ye-RF, isabelomali sokufakwa nokulahlekelwa, i-trace geometry kanye nezindiza zokubhekisela.
Iphrofayili yokuhlanganisa, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, ukujikeleza kokushisa, i-voltage, umswakama kanye nendawo yomkhiqizo elindelekile.
Inani lezingqimba, ukujiya okuqediwe, isisindo sethusi, isikhala se-dielectric, ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo kanye nezidingo zokucindezela.
Khiya izici zezinto ezidingekayo kanye namanothi okuqoqa ngaphambi kokuba idatha ye-PCB ikhishwe ukuze yenziwe.
Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Okusheshayo
Qhathanisa imindeni yezinto ezibonakalayo ngokubaluleka komklamo
Le matrix iwuhlobo oluhlosiwe. Iyasiza ekuhleleni ingxoxo; ayithathi indawo yedatha eqondile noma isibuyekezo se-stackup.
Ukubuyekezwa Kobunjiniyela
Ulwazi olwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kube usizo kakhulu
Izingxoxo zezinto ezibonakalayo ziphumelela kakhulu uma izidingo zikagesi, zemishini kanye nezendawo ezizungezile zibuyekezwa ndawonye.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-PCB
Inani lezingqimba, ukujiya okuqediwe, izisindo zethusi, ngesakhiwo kanye nanoma yisiphi isiphakamiso samanje sokuqongelela.
Ama-Target kagesi
I-impedance elawulwayo, izixhumi zesivinini esikhulu, ububanzi bemvamisa ye-RF, i-voltage kanye nemikhawulo ebalulekile yokulahlekelwa yisignali.
Izimo Zokusebenza
Iphrofayili yokuhlanganisa, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, ukujikeleza kokushisa, ukuchayeka komswakama kanye nendawo yomshini.
Izidingo Zokukhishwa
Thola ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo eziphoqelekile, yiziphi ezikhethwayo futhi yiziphi ezingalungiswa ngenkathi kuqedwa i-stackup.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Imibuzo ngezinto ze-PCB laminate
Ingabe i-Tg ephezulu ihlala iyi-PCB laminate engcono?
Cha. I-Tg iyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yephrofayili yezinto ezibonakalayo. Umklamo ungase futhi uzwele ku-Z-axis CTE, Td, ukulahleka kwe-dielectric, ukuqina kwe-Dk, umswakama, ukuziphatha kwe-CAF, ukunamathela kwethusi noma ukuqhuba ukushisa. Izinto ezifanele yilezo ezinezici ezihlanganisiwe ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa.
Kufanele kucatshangelwe nini i-laminate elahlekelwa kancane?
Cabanga ngakho lapho ukulahlekelwa kwesiteshi kuba nzima ukuhlangabezana ne-dielectric evamile - isibonelo, izixhumanisi ezinde ze-serial ezisheshayo, izakhiwo ze-RF ezivame kakhulu noma imiklamo enesabelomali sokufakwa nokulahlekelwa okuqinile. Ubuso bomqhubi, i-trace geometry kanye nezindiza zokubhekisela kumele kufanekiswe kanye ne-dielectric.
Ingabe amanani e-Dk avela kumashidi edatha ahlukene angaqhathaniswa ngqo?
Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Dk incike endleleni yokuhlola, imvamisa, ukwakhiwa kwesampula kanye nokulungiswa. Inani leshidi ledatha elijwayelekile lingahluka nenani eliqondiswe kumklamo elisetshenziselwa ukumodela i-impedance. Sebenzisa isisekelo esivumelanayo noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-core kanye ne-prepreg?
I-core iyi-laminate ye-dielectric elungisiwe, evame ukumbozwa ngethusi. I-Prepreg iwungqimba lwe-resin/ukuqinisa olulungisiwe kancane olusetshenziselwa ukubopha isakhiwo sezingqimba eziningi ngesikhathi sokucindezela. Kokubili kuthinta isikhala se-dielectric kanye nokuziphatha kwe-stackup okuqediwe.
Yiziphi izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokuthembeka?
Ukwanda kokushisa kwe-Z-axis, ukuqina kokushisa kwe-resin, ukujiya kwebhodi, nge-geometry, i-copper plating, ikhwalithi yokubhoboza kanye nomjikelezo wokushisa wokuhlanganisa/wokusebenza konke kuyasiza. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kufanele kuhlolwe kanye nesakhiwo se-via.
I-PCB laminate kufanele ikhethwe kanjani kumasekethe ane-voltage ephezulu?
Buyekeza i-CTI, izakhiwo ze-dielectric kanye nobukhulu bezinto, kodwa ungathembeli ku-laminate kuphela. Ukuqhekeka, ukususwa, izinga lokungcola, ukuphakama, ukumbozwa kanye nezidingo zokuphepha zomkhiqizo wokugcina nazo ziyingxenye yokuhlanganiswa kokufakwa kokushisa.
Ingabe imindeni ehlukene ye-laminate ingahlanganiswa ku-PCB eyodwa enezingqimba eziningi?
Ukwakhiwa kwe-hybrid kungenzeka kweminye imiklamo, kodwa izinto kumele zihambisane nenqubo yokulamina ehlosiwe kanye nezinhloso zokuthembeka. Ukwandiswa kokushisa, ukugeleza kwe-resin, ukubopha, ukujiya kwe-dielectric kanye nokusebenza kukagesi kudinga ukubuyekezwa njengokwakhiwa okukodwa.
Yimaphi amafayela asiza engxoxweni ye-laminate kanye ne-stackup?
Okufakwayo okuwusizo kufaka phakathi idatha ye-Gerber noma ye-ODB++, amafayela okubhoboza, inani lezingqimba, ukujiya okuqediwe, izinsimbi zethusi, izithiyo eziqondiwe, imininingwane ye-interface yesivinini esikhulu noma ye-RF, izimo zokusebenza kanye nanoma yimaphi amanothi e-stackup akhona.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwezinto Ze-PCB Nokunqwabelana Kwezinto
Thumela izidingo zakho ze-PCB ukuze uthole isibuyekezo esigxile kubunjiniyela.
Yabelana ngokwakhiwa kwebhodi kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenza ebaluleke kakhulu. Ingxoxo ingagxila ezicini zezinto ezifanele, isakhiwo se-dielectric, i-impedance elawulwayo, izidingo zokushisa kanye nokukhiqizwa.
- Idatha ye-Gerber / ODB++ kanye ne-drill
- Ukubalwa kwezingqimba kanye nobukhulu obuqediwe
- Izisindo zethusi kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo
- I-Target impedance noma imininingwane ye-RF/isivinini esikhulu
- Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kanye nemikhawulo yokushisa
- Izidingo ze-voltage kanye nezemvelo
Thatha i-Quote esheshayo
Thola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bethu bungasiza kanjani ngephrojekthi yakho elandelayo ye-PCB.