Comprehensive Guide to Plated through-Hole (PTH) Technology muPCB Manufacturing

MaPCB ndiwo musimboti wezvishandiso zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano, kubva kumafoni kusvika kumagetsi emotokari. Chinhu chakakosha mumabhodhi aya akaomarara iPlated Through-Hole (PTH), tekinoroji yakakosha pakugadzira kubatana kwemagetsi kwakavimbika pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvePCB. Chinyorwa chino chinopa ruzivo rwakakwana rwetekinoroji yePTH, mashandisirwo ayo, uye nzira dzakanakisisa dzekugadzira maPCB.

Chii chinonzi Plated through Hole (PTH)?

A Plated through Hole (PTH) igomba rinotambanudzira mukati mehukobvu hwese hwePCB uye rakamisikidzwa nezvinhu zvinoitisa, kazhinji mhangura. Mumashoko akapfava, igomba rine simbi. Iyi conductive lining inobvumira masaini emagetsi kana simba kuti rifambiswe pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvePCB. PTHs dzakakosha pakubatanidza zvinhu zvakaiswa paPCB uye nekugonesa kuwirirana kwemultilayer. Ivo zvakare vanoita basa rakakosha mukupa rutsigiro rwemuchina kune zvikamu, kuve nechokwadi kuti dzakanamirwa zvakachengeteka kubhodhi.

Detailed Function and Structure

Basa rekutanga rePTHs nderekufambisa kufambiswa kwezviratidzo zvemagetsi kubva kune imwe nhanho yePCB kuenda kune imwe. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumabhodhi akawanda, uko mitsara yakasiyana inogona kushanda mabasa akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekugovera simba, kuisa pasi, kana chiratidzo chekufambisa. Iyo yemhangura yemhangura mukati mePTH inochengetedza nzira yakaderera-yekudzivirira, kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika uye kuderedza kupindira kunogona kuitika.

Musiyano Uripo Pakati Pekuputirwa Nemakomba (PTH) uye Vias

Nepo Plated through Holes (PTHs) uye vias ese ari maviri anoshanda kumisikidza magetsi ekubatanidza muPCB, ane akasiyana hunhu uye mabasa:

PTHs

MaPTH anowanzo shandiswa pakumisikidza zvikamu uye kubatanidza nzira dzemagetsi muzvikamu zvakawanda zvePCB. Maburi aya anopa kubatana kwemagetsi uye simba remakanika, kunyanya kune zvikamu zvinopinda nepaburi zvakaita sema resistors, capacitors, uye connectors. Anowanzo kuve akakura kupfuura mavias, izvo zvakakosha pakubatanidza zvikamu zvakanaka pabhodhi. Zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pemavias nePTHs nekuti, kubva pamaonero einjiniya weCAM , kugadziriswa kwehukuru hwemavias kunogona kudiwa panguva yekugadzira kuti igadzirise kuoma kwedhizaini, kusasanganisa zviitiko apo mavias ane kushivirira kwakananga.

Via

Vias idiki pane PTHs uye inonyanya kushandiswa kwechiratidzo chekufambisa mukati mePCB. Kusiyana nePTHs, vias hazvipi tsigiro yemagetsi kune inotungamira chikamu. Iwo akakosha mune yakaoma multilayer dhizaini, uko optimization yenzvimbo uye kutendeseka kwechiratidzo kwakakosha. Paunenge uchibata nemafaira ePCB anosanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakomba, zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pe-press-fit ne-test maburi, izvo zvinozotsanangurwa zvakadzama gare gare. Heano makuru emhando dzevias:

• Kuburikidza neHole Vias: Zvakafanana nePTHs, aya vias anowedzera kuburikidza nekukora kwese kwePCB asi haashandiswe kukwirisa zvikamu. Vanobatanidza zvikamu zvemukati zvebhodhi.
• Bofu Vias: Aya vias batanidza okunze akaturikidzana kuti mukati akaturikidzana pasina kupfuura yose bhodhi. Vanobatsira kuchengetedza nzvimbo uye kudzivirira kuchera kusingakoshi.
• Kuvigwa Vias: Inowanikwa zvachose mukati mePCB, yakavigwa vias inobatanidza zvikamu zvemukati pasina kukanganisa nzvimbo dzekunze. Iwo anoshandiswa kukwiridzira chimiro chemukati uye nzira yePCB.
• Microvias: Aya mavias madiki, kazhinji ane madhayamita kubva pa 0.1 mm kusvika 0.2 mm, anoshandiswa mukusangana kwepamusoro-density (HDIPCBs. Microvias inobatanidza zvakanyanya kupatsanurwa zvikamu kana maseru uye yakakosha kune epamberi magetsi anoda yakakwirira-density wedunhu uye miniaturization.

PTH Manufacturing Process

Kugadzirwa kwePlated Through Holes (PTHs) kunosanganisira maitiro akangwarira ekuona kuti kubatanidza kwakasimba uye kwakavimbika. Pakutanga, mainjiniya eCAM anofanira kusimbisa ruzivo rwekubhowa kwemafaira eGerber. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutarisa kuti mafaira acho akazara here, kusimbisa hunhu hwekubhowa, huwandu, kushivirira, uye saizi. Chero kusawirirana kunofanirwa kugadziriswa nemazano anogoneka uye kusimbiswa nemutengi. Tichifunga kuti mainjiniya eCAM anobata mafaira akawanda eGerber zuva nezuva, kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zveinjiniya zvakadzama kwakakosha kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika.

Kusiyanisa vias kubva kuPTH kwakakosha, kunyanya mumabhodhi akaoma uye ane vanhu vakawanda. Kune mabhodhi akareruka, musiyano uyu unogona kusanyanya kukanganisa maitiro, asi kumabhodhi akaoma, kwakakosha. Kana kuburikidza nehukuru hwakakura zvakanyanya, zvinokanganisa kusikwa kwemamwe mafaera eGerber. Semuenzaniso, hombe vias inoda hombe padhi saizi, izvo zvinodawo kuwedzera nzvimbo pakati pemapedhi nemhangura. Izvi zvinonyanya kunetsa mumagadzirirwo ane mativi maviri-kuvhurika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kugadzirisa mafaera e solder mask uye silkscreen zvakare kunowedzera kuoma. Nekudaro, maPTH akakosha mudunhu rese. Heino mhedziso pfupi yemaitiro ekuchera madhiri:

1. Kuchera: Kudhirowa chaiko kunodiwa kugadzira makomba panzvimbo dzakatarwa. Saizi uye kuiswa kwemaburi aya kwakakosha pakuona kurongeka kwechikamu uye kubatanidza magetsi.
2. Kuchenesa uye Kubvisa: Iyi nhanho inobvisa marara uye tsvina kubva mugomba madziro. Makemikari anoshandiswa kuchenesa maburi uye kugadzirira kuiswa kwemhangura.
3. Microetching: A microetching process inoshatisa nzvimbo yemhangura, ichiwedzera kunamatira kwe electroplated copper layer.
4. Kushanda: A catalytic layer, kazhinji ine palladium, inoiswa kune gomba madziro. Iri dura rakakosha kune inotevera nzira yekuisa mhangura sezvo ichibatsira kuisa yunifomu yemhangura layer.
5. Electroless Copper Plating: Munhanho iyi, chidimbu chitete chemhangura chinoiswa kemikari pamadziro egomba. Iri danga rekutanga rinoshanda senheyo yekumwe kuisa mhangura.
6. Electroplating: Ukobvu hwemhangura hunowedzera kuburikidza ne electroplating, iyo inoshandisa magetsi kuisa imwe mhangura. Iyi nhanho inosimudzira simba remagetsi uye conductivity yePTH.

Basa reCAM Injiniya muPTH Drilling

Komputa-inobatsira kugadzira (CAM) mainjiniya anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira PCB, kunyanya muPTH yekuchera maitiro. Ivo vane basa rekushandura PCB dhizaini data kuita mirairo yekugadzira iyo michina inogona kutevedzera, kuve nechokwadi chekudhirowa kwePTHs. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsanangura nzvimbo chaiyo, ukuru, uye kudzika kwemakomba, pamwe nekutarisa mafaira eGerber kana paine zvikanganiso. Mainjiniya eCAM anovimbisawo kuti maitiro ekuchera anoomerera kune dhizaini kushivirira uye zvakatemwa kudzivirira kusarongeka, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune mapfupi emagetsi kana mabreak.

Uyezve, mainjiniya eCAM anoshanda pamwe chete nechikwata chekugadzira kuti vagadzirise matambudziko anokonzerwa nekuboorwa nekuiswa kwepurasitiki, vachiona kuti maPTH anosangana nemhando yepamusoro uye magadzirirwo anodiwa. Hunyanzvi hwavo hwakakosha zvikuru mukubata mabhodhi edunhu akaomarara, sezvo mafekitori mazhinji angasava neruzivo rwekugadzira maPCB akaomarara , zvichikonzera kugadziriswa kwemafaira kakawanda. Matimu einjiniya ane ruzivo akakosha pakuchengetedza kusimba uye kushanda kwePCB yekupedzisira, kudzivirira kunonoka kusingakoshi uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro chinogadzirwa.

Matambudziko Akajairika uye Mhinduro muPTH Manufacturing

1. Gomba Wall Kuvimbika
   • Dambudziko: Hunhu husina kunaka hwemadziro hunogona kukonzerwa nekuchera, kucheneswa zvisina kufanira, kana kusakwana kweplating, zvichitungamira kune isina simba kubatana kwemagetsi kana kutadza kwemagetsi.
   • Solution: Iva nechokwadi chekuchera nemabhiti akapinza, akanyatsochengetedzwa, uye nekucheneswa kwemakomba asati aiswa. Gara uchiongorora uye chengetedza michina yekuisa kuti uone kuenderana uye kwakakwana kwemhangura deposition.
2. Plating Voids
   • Dambudziko: Voids muplating inogona kukonzera kupera kwemagetsi, kukanganisa kuvimbika kwePCB.
   • Solution: Kuvandudza activation process kuti ive nechokwadi cheyunifomu palladium application, gadzirisa iyo electroless copper plating process, uye chengetedza yakakodzera mhinduro chemistry uye kubvongodza kudzivirira kuumbwa kusina.
3. Misalignment of Holes
   • Dambudziko: Makomba asina kurongeka anogona kutungamirira kune zvisiri izvo kuisa chikamu, kushata kwemasoja majoini ekuumbwa, uye zvikabudura zvemagetsi.
   • Solution: Shandisa chaiyo CAM data uye chiyero chemidziyo. Shandisa stringent quality control cheki kuti uone uye kugadzirisa misalignments pakutanga kwekugadzira maitiro.
4. Hukobvu hweMhangura husina kukwana
   • Dambudziko: Kusakwana kwemhangura kwemhangura kunogona kuderedza simba remagetsi rePTHs uye kuwedzera magetsi.
   • Solution: Tarisa uye kudzora maitiro e electroplating kuti ive nechokwadi chekuisa mhangura yakakwana. Teerera kune indasitiri zviyero zvehushoma hwemhangura ukobvu muPTHs.
5. Kusvibiswa uye Surface Kugadzirira Matambudziko
   • Dambudziko: Kusvibiswa kana kusagadziriswa kwepamusoro kunogona kutungamirira mukunamatira kusina kunaka kweplating, zvichikonzera kukanganisa.
   • Solution: Shandisa zvakasimba kuchenesa uye microetching maitiro. Ita shuwa kubata kwakanaka uye kuchengetwa kwePCB kudzivirira kusvibiswa.
6. Thermal uye Mechanical Stress
   • Dambudziko: PTHs dzinogona kutsemuka kana kudzikisira pasi pekupisa uye kushushikana kwemagetsi, kunyanya panguva yekutengesa kana PCB kushanda.
   • Solution: Dhizaina maPTH ane akakodzera mareshiyo uye ukobvu hwemhangura kuti umire zvinotarisirwa. Shandisa nzira dzakakwana dzekutengesa uye tembiricha kutonga kuti uderedze kushushikana kwekupisa.

Yepamberi PTH Techniques

• Laser Kuchera: Laser drilling inoshandisa yakanangwa laser matanda kugadzira madiki, chaiwo maburi muPCB. Iyi nzira yakakosha kune yakakwira-density interconnect (HDI) dhizaini, inobvumira kugadzirwa kwakanaka kwechimiro uye kuderedza kushushikana kwemagetsi pane. Pcb zvinhu.
• Backdrilling: Kudzokera shure kunobvisa zvikamu zvemhangura zvisina kushandiswa muburi reburi. Iyi nzira inosimudzira kutendeseka kwechiratidzo, kunyanya mu-high-speed applications, nekubvisa mhangura isingakoshi inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvechiratidzo.
• Resin Plugged Vias: Resin yakavharirwa vias inozadza vias neresin, inogadzira nzvimbo yakati sandara, yakasimba. Iyi nzira inosimudzira PCB kuvimbika, inodzivirira solder kutama, uye inosimbisa vias, ichivagadzirira mamwe marapirwo senge via-mu-pad.
• Via-in-Pad: Via-in-pad inosanganisira kuisa vias zvakananga mukati mechikamu chinomisikidza pads. Iyi nzira inochengetedza nzvimbo uye inoderedza kureba kwenzira yechiratidzo, iyo yakakosha kune dense PCB dhizaini uye inovandudza kushanda kwemagetsi.
• Kudzora Kudzika Kuchera: Kudhirowa kwakadzika kwakadzora kunobata kudzika kwemakomba akacherwa nemazvo, izvo zvakakosha pakugadzira mapofu akavimbika uye akavigwa vias. Iyo inovimbisa kubatana kwakaringana mumultilayer PCB pasina kukuvadza mukati mezvikamu.
• Nhoroondo ye Microvia Technology: Microvias madiki vias anoshandiswa muHDI PCBs kutsigira yakakwira-density nzira uye yekuisa chikamu. Iyi tekinoroji yakakosha pakuita miniaturizing zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi uye nekuvandudza kuita kwese.
• High Aspect Ratio PTHs: High aspect ratio PTHs zvinosanganisira vias ane yakakura kudzika-kusvika-dhayamita reshiyo. Iyi tekinoroji inoda nzira dzepamusoro dzekuisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuisa yunifomu, iyo yakakosha kune yakavimbika magetsi ekubatanidza mugobvu, multilayer PCBs.
• Mapofu uye Akavigwa Vias: Bofu vias batanidza okunze akaturikidzana kune imwe kana kupfuura yomukati akaturikidzana pasina kupfuura yose PCB, kuchengetedza nzvimbo uye kuderedza bhodhi saizi. Yakavigwa vias inobatanidza zvidimbu zvemukati chete, zvichipa zvinobatanidza izvo zvisingakanganise zvidimbu zvekunze, zvichiwedzera kuoma uye kusimba kwe multilayer PCBs.

Applications uye Benefits

Advanced PTH matekiniki anonyanya kubatsira mumaindasitiri anoda kuvimbika kwakanyanya uye kuita, senge aerospace, mota, telecommunication, uye zvemagetsi zvevatengi. Vanogonesa kugadzirwa kwezvidiki zvidiki, zvine simba zvakanyanya zvine mashandiro akawedzerwa uye kuita. Kune vagadziri vePCB, kunzwisisa uye kushandisa aya epamberi matekiniki anogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya dhizaini, ichipa kuchinjika kukuru uye hunyanzvi mukuvandudza chigadzirwa.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvekushandisa matekiniki aya muPCB magadzirirwo ako, kana kukurukura zvinodiwa zvepurojekiti, ndapota taura nechikwata chedu chenyanzvi. Isu tiri pano kutsigira yako yepamusoro PCB dhizaini zvinodiwa neazvino tekinoroji uye zvakanakisa maitiro.

Kudzora Kwemhando muPTH Kugadzira

Kuchengetedza mazinga emhando yepamusoro mukugadzira PTH kwakakosha pakuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekupedzisira. Matanho akakosha ekudzora emhando anosanganisira kuona chokwadi chePCB dhizaini uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwemafaira eCAM engineering. CAM mainjiniya anofanirwa kukwirisa maitiro ekugadzira pasina kushandura chinangwa chekutanga dhizaini. Kurerutsa kuomarara kwekugadzira kwakakosha pakugadzira mabhodhi ematunhu ane goho repamusoro.

Usati wachera, zvakakosha kuenzanisa tafura yegomba muhurongwa hweERP nemafaira eGerber chaiwo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kuti mafaira ekupedzisira anoshandiswa. Kune mavias madiki, mabheti akavharidzirwa anofanirwa kushandiswa, uye kumhanya kwekuchera kunofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana neyakakwana marongero akapihwa mugwara rekuita. Shanduko dzisina kutenderwa pakumhanya kwekuchera dzinofanira kudziviswa. Mushure mekuchera, zvakakosha kutarisa kuti maburi akacherwa anoenderana neiyo Gerber file yakatarwa. Kuongororwa kweOptical uye cheki yekuona kunobatsira kuona zvakakanganisika senge zvisina kukwana plating kana maburi asina kurongeka.

Kune maburi ane zvakakosha zvemhangura yeplating zvinodiwa, muchinjika-chikamu kuongororwa kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando yemhando uye kutevedza kune zvakatemwa. X-ray imaging inopa isiri-inoparadza bvunzo yekuona chimiro chemukati chePCB uye kuona zvakavanzwa kuremara. Kuedza kunoparadza dzimwe nguva kunoshandiswa kuongorora kuvimbika kwechimiro chePTHs, kunyanya mumashandisirwo akakosha uko kuvimbika kwakakosha.

Kufunga Kwemitengo muPTH Kugadzira

Mukugadzira PTH, mutengo unogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya zvichienderana nezvakawanda zvakakosha zvinhu. Kubatsira vatengi kubata mari pasina kukanganisa mhando, zvakakosha kuti titarise pakugadzirisa zvinhu izvi.

1. Gomba Saizi uye Density: Saizi uye density yemakomba muPCBs akakosha mutengo vatyairi. Maburi madiki uye marongero akazara anoda kunyatsojeka uye anodhura maitiro ekugadzira, achiwedzera mitengo. Vatengi vanogona kudzikisira mitengo iyi nekusarudza makomba akati kurei uye nekudzikisa zvine hungwaru huwandu hwePTHs pazvinogoneka. Kurerutsa uku hakungodzikisi kuoma kwemaitiro ekuchera asiwo kunoderedza kudiwa kwemidziyo yekuchera yepamusoro uye inodhura.
2. Annular Mhete Saizi: Mhete ye annular, nzvimbo yemhangura yakakomberedza PTH, inokosha pakuchengetedza hukama hwemagetsi uye magetsi ekubatanidza. Nekudaro, zvindori zvakakura zvakanyanyisa annular zvinogona kutungamira kumutengo wepamusoro wezvinhu nekuda kwekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemhangura. Nekushanda pamwe chete nemugadziri wavo wePCB, vatengi vanogona kuona iyo yakakwana saizi yemhete inopa kusimba kunodiwa pasina kushaikwa kwemarara, nekudaro vachiwana dhizaini inodhura pasina kurega kuvimbika.
3. Drilling Precision: Kuwana kudhirowa kwepamusoro kunodiwa kuti udzivise kukanganisa senge maburi asina kurongeka kana plating isina kukwana, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuita kwePCB. Nekudaro, iko kurongeka kunouyawo nemutengo wepamusoro weti nekuda kwekudiwa kwemidziyo yakasarudzika uye nekungwarira kwemhando yekudzora. Vatengi vanofanirwa kuongorora izvo chaizvo zvinodikanwa zvechikumbiro chavo kuti vaone nhanho yakakodzera yekuchera. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kunzvenga kutsanangura zvakanyanya kunogona kutungamira kukuchengetedza kwakakosha kwemutengo, sezvo zvichibvumira mamwe maitiro akajairwa uye anodhura ekugadzira.

Iyo yakapfava uye inoshanda nzira ndeyekutumira kubvunza zvakananga kumugadziri wePCB uye kuvabvunza quotation. Kana iyo PCB ichiri muchikamu chekugadzira, unogona kupa iyo faira ruzivo uye kukumbira zvakakosha izvo zvinopesvedzera quotation. Zvichienderana neruzivo urwu, unogona kugadzirisa zvinhu senge saizi yekuchera uye sarudza kana kushandisa mapofu nekuvigwa vias, nezvimwe.

mhedziso

Tekinoroji yePlated Through-Hole (PTH) chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirwa kwePCB , chakakosha pakuona kuti maPCB anoshanda zvakanaka uye ane michina. Kunzwisisa maitiro, matambudziko, uye matekiniki epamusoro anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwePTH kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka uye mashandiro echigadzirwa chemagetsi chekupedzisira. Kunyangwe uri mugadziri wePCB ane ruzivo, mugadziri, kana munhu anofarira zvemagetsi, kunzwisisa tekinoroji yePTH kwakakosha pakufamba nematambudziko ekugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi yemazuva ano. Hunyanzvi hwemainjiniya eCAM mukugadzirisa nzira dzekuboorera uye kuona kuti kugadzira PTH kwakarurama hakugone kupfuudzwa zvakanyanya, sezvo basa ravo rakakosha mukuzadzisa mwero wepamusoro unodiwa mumidziyo yemagetsi yemazuva ano.