HDI Layout Maitiro Akanakisisa: Mazano Akakosha Ekugadzira eHDI Circuit Boards

Nhanganyaya kune HDI Mabhodhi

HDI mabhodhi (High Density Interconnect) ndiwo mabhodhi edunhu ane huwandu hwakanyanya hwedunhu density anoshandisa micro bofu uye kuvigwa vias tekinoroji. HDI mapuranga ane mukati uye kunze akaturikidzana maseketi, uye nekushandisa kudhirowa uye metalization maitiro, kubatana pakati peakasiyana akaturikidzana ematunhu anowanikwa.

Mabhodhi eHDI anowanzogadzirwa achishandisa nzira yekuisa lamination, uye kana paine machira akawanda, hunyanzvi hwebhodhi hunokwira. Mabhodhi eHDI akajairwa anowanzo kuve ma laminate ane layer imwe chete, nepo mabhodhi eHDI epamusoro anoshandisa matekinoroji akadai se double-layer kana multi-layer lamination, pamwe chete nematekinoroji ePCB epamusoro akadai se stacked vias, electroplated filling, uye laser direct drilling.

Kana kuwanda kwePCB kwakadarika masere masere, kuigadzira uchishandisa HDI kunogona kuve nemutengo unodhura pane echinyakare yakaoma kudzvanya maitiro. HDI mabhodhi anofambisa kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira gungano, ichipa kukwirira kwemagetsi kuita uye kurongeka kwemasaini kupfuura echinyakare maPCB. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhodhi eHDI anopa kuvandudzwa kuri nani munzvimbo dzakadai seredhiyo frequency interference, electromagnetic interference, electrostatic discharge, uye kupisa conduction.

Sezvo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvichiramba zvichifambira mberi pakuwanda uye kunyatsogadzirwa, izwi rekuti "high" haringorevi chete kuvandudza mashandiro emuchina asiwo kuderedza saizi yemuchina. Tekinoroji yeHigh Density Interconnect (HDI) inoita kuti dhizaini yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi ive diki uku ichisangana nemazinga epamusoro ekushanda kwemagetsi uye kushanda zvakanaka. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvakakurumbira nhasi, zvakaita semafoni, makamera edhijitari, malaptop, uye magetsi emotokari, zvinoshandisa mabhodhi eHDI. Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuitwa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi uye kudiwa kwemusika, kugadzirwa kwemabhodhi eHDI kunotarisirwa kukurumidza.

HDI Board Factory Inokurukura Yakajairwa PCB Routing Mitemo

• Pre-tsanangura dhijitari, analog, uye DAA masaini ekufambisa nzvimbo paPCB.
• Kupatsanura madhijitari uye analog zvikamu uye iwo anotevedzana anoteedzera zvakanyanya sezvazvinogona uye woaisa mukati meawo nzvimbo dzekufambisa.
• Chengetedza maratidziro edhijitari anomhanya ari mapfupi sezvinobvira.
• Chengetedza maratidziro eanoroji anonzwira tsitsi seapfupi sezvinobvira.
• Kugovera zvakanaka simba uye pasi.
• Chengetedza DGND, AGND, uye ivhu chairo rakaparadzana.
• Shandisa zvakafara zviteshi zvematambo emagetsi uye akakosha masaini maratidziro.
• Mitsetse yemagetsi uye mitsetse yepasi inofanira kupenya zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye mitsetse yechiratidzo haifaniri kuumba zvishwe.
• Isa maseketi edhijitari padhuze nemabhazi anoenderana/serial DTE nzvimbo, uye maseketi eDAA padhuze netambo dzenhare.
• Kune zvidiki zvidiki zvidiki, symmetric routing inodiwa, uye kune SMT pads ine padhuze spacing, inotungamira inofanirwa kubatana kubva kunze kwepadhi uye kwete zvakananga pakati.
• Ipa zvakakosha kumitsara yemasaini akakosha: simba, masaini madiki eanalogi, masaini ekumhanya-mhanya, masaini ewachi, uye masaini masaini, pakati pezvimwe.
• Tevedza musimboti wekutangisa density pamberi: Tanga kutenderera kubva kumidziyo ine yakanyanya kuomesesa yekubatanidza pabhodhi uye kubva kunzvimbo dzine densest wiring.
• Dzivisa makona akapinza uye makona ekurudyi mukati PCB dhizaini kudzivirira kusakosha kwemwaranzi uye kugadzira nyaya.
• Hapafanirwe kuve nemaburi-maburi SMT Mapadhi ekudzivirira solder paste kurasikirwa uye component soldering defects. Mitsetse yakakosha yechiratidzo haibvumidzwe kupfuura pakati pemakumbo epini.

PCB Yakakwira-Frequency Circuit Routing

• Sarudza nhamba yePCB layers zvine hungwaru. Kushandisa masimba epakati (Vcc layer) uye pasi (Gnd layer) inogona kudzivirira uye zvinobudirira kuderedza parasitic inductance uye capacitance, kupfupisa routing kureba, uye kuderedza chiratidzo kupindira.

• Nzira yekufambisa: Inofanirwa kunge iri 45° makona, kwete 90° makona.

• Inter-layer nzira yekutungamira: Inofanirwa kuve perpendicular kune mumwe nemumwe. Kana chikamu chepamusoro chakatwasuka, chikamu chepasi chinofanira kuva chakatwasuka kuti chideredze kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo.

• Grounding: Ground masaini akakosha kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugona kwavo kwekurwisa-kupindira, uye pasi akawanda anopindira masaini kudzivirira kuti asapindira nemamwe masaini.

• Decoupling capacitors: Wedzera decoupling capacitors kune magetsi emagetsi emagetsi eICs.

• High-frequency choke: Kana paine zvikonzero zvakajairika sedhijitari pasi uye analogi pasi, wedzera-yakawanda-frequency kukachidza michina pakati payo, kazhinji uchishandisa ferrite bead dzine maburi ewaya pakati.

• Kuzadza mhangura: Kuwedzera nzvimbo yepasi kunogonawo kuderedza kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo. (Mhangura yakafa inoda kubviswa panguva yekuzadza mhangura)

• Kureba kwenzira: Iyo ipfupi yehurefu hwenzira, zviri nani, izvo zvinoderedza kupindira. Zvisinei, haisi yose nzira inofanira kuva pfupi. Semuenzaniso, DDR routing inoda hurefu hwakaenzana hwewachi, kero, uye mitsara yedata, saka iwe uchaona akawanda nemaune akarebesa nyoka.

Routing for Special Components

• High-frequency components: Chengetedza kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu zvepamusoro-soro sepfupi sezvinobvira kuderedza kugoverwa kweparameter uye kupindirana kwemagetsi; zvinhu zvinonzwisa tsitsi zvinowanzoitika kuvhiringidza hazvifanirwe kuiswa padyo nepedyo.
• Zvikamu zvine misiyano yakakwira voltage: Wedzera chinhambwe pakati pezvikamu zvine misiyano yakakwira voltage uye mabatiro azvo kudzivirira netsaona mapfupi maseketi uye kukuvara kwechikamu. Kudzivirira zvinokambaira, chinhambwe chiri pakati pematehwe emhangura ane voltage musiyano we2000V chinofanira kunge chakakura kupfuura 2mm.
• Heavy components: Heavy components should be fixed with brackets.
• Zvikamu zvinopisa uye zvinopisa zvinopisa: Zvinhu zvinopisa zvinopisa zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva kune zvinopisa zvinopisa, uye zvinhu zvinogadzira kupisa zvinofanira kugoverwa zvakaenzana.

Yakakosha Paramita yePCB Routing Dhizaini

• Copper trace (Track) hupamhi: 0.3mm yemapuranga ane mativi maviri, 0.2mm yemapuranga ane mativi maviri;
• Musiyano udiki pakati pematanho emhangura: 0.3mm yemapuranga ane divi rimwe chete, 0.2mm yemapuranga ane mativi maviri;
• Zvinhambwe zvishoma kubva pamatehwe emhangura kusvika kumucheto kwePCB: 1mm, diki chinhambwe kubva kune zvikamu kusvika kumucheto kwePCB: 5mm, diki chinhambwe kubva kune solder pads kusvika kumucheto kwePCB: 4mm;
• Iyo solder pad dhayamita yekusungirira zvinhu zvine general through-maburi inopeta kaviri dhayamita yemukati ye solder pad.
• Electrolytic capacitors haifanirwe kuiswa pedyo nezvinhu zvinogadzira kupisa, zvakadai sepamusoro-simba resistors, transformers, high-power transistors, matatu-terminal voltage regulators, uye kupisa kunyura. Nhambwe iri pakati pe electrolytic capacitors uye zvikamu izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zvakakura kupfuura 10mm.
• Makomba makomba haafanire kuve nemhangura (kunze kwepasi) kana zvikamu zviri mukati me5mm kunze kweradius.
• Munzvimbo hombe PCB dhizaini (inopfuura 500m²), kudzivirira PCB kubhenda panguva yekutendererazve soldering, 5mm kusvika 10mm yakafara gap inofanira kusiiwa pakati pePCB pasina kuisa zvikamu zvekuisa mbariro dzekumanikidza kudzivirira PCB kukotama.
• Shandisa museve usina mhango kuratidza kwainoenda reflow soldering yePCB yega yega.
• Paunenge uchifambisa, iyo dhizaini yeDIP package IC inofanirwa kunge yakatarisana negwara rekuyerera solder, kwete kufambirana, kudzivirira bhiriji remarata.
• Kana gwara rekufambisa rachinja kubva pakatwasuka kuenda pakachinjika, rinofanira kupinda pakona ye45°.
• Upamhi hwetambo yemagetsi haifanire kunge iri pasi pe18mil; hupamhi hwemutsara wechiratidzo haufanire kuva pasi pe12mil; hupamhi hweCPU yekupinza uye mitsara yekubuda haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe10mil (kana 8mil); uye nzvimbo pakati pemitsetse haifanire kunge iri pasi pe10mil.
• Kuwanda kwebhodhi routing kunofanira kunge kwakakodzera. Kana iyo density mutsauko wakakurisa, inofanirwa kuzadzwa nemamesh copper foil ine grid yakakura kupfuura 8mil (kana 0.2mm).
• Munzvimbo dziri mukati me1mm yekumucheto kwePCB yakarongedzerwa nzira uye mukati me1mm yakatenderedza maburi ekukwira, nzira inorambidzwa.
• Yambiro mamaki anofanirwa kudhindwa pachidzitiro chesiririka padhuze nezvikamu zvakaita semafuse, fuse resistors, AC 220V mafirita capacitor, ma transformer, nezvimwe.
• Nharaunda pakati pemitsara mhenyu uye isina kwayakarerekera yeAC 220V magetsi haifanire kunge iri pasi pe3mm. Nharaunda pakati pewaya chero 220V dunhu uye yakaderera-voltage zvikamu, mapedhi, uye zviteshi hazvifanirwe kunge zvisingasviki 6mm, uye chiratidzo chepamusoro-voltage chinofanira kudhindwa pavari. Low-voltage uye high-voltage inofanira kupatsanurwa nemambure ewaya gobvu seyambiro kuvashandi vekuchengetedza kuti vazvibate nekungwarira.

Zviri pamusoro apa igwara rakazara reruzivo rwekubatanidza waya dzePCB rakanyorwa neHighleap Electronic. Ndinovimba kuti muchawana chimwe chinhu kubva mazviri! Taura nesu kuti mudzidze zvakawanda nezvemaitiro ekugadzira maPCB.