Kubatanidza nekugadzira Bhodhi reMicrocontroller: MaPads eQFN, SWD, uye FTDI Drivers

Matanho ekupedzisira ebhodhi re microcontroller anokanganisa mapurojekiti akawanda: kusundira mapini akanaka uye thermal pad iri kuseri kweQFN, wobva wawana programmer kuti ataure ne chip - kazhinji kuburikidza neFTDI USB-to-serial chip. Gwaro iri rinopindura mibvunzo chaiyo: maitiro ekusundira QFN nemaoko, maitiro ekuronga bhodhi pamusoro peSWD kana bootloader, uye nei driver weFTDI asingaratidze COM port. Rinoratidzawo nguva yekubvumidza Highleap Electronics kuungana uye kuronga bhodhi iwe.

1. Ndeipi microcontroller package yaunogona kuibatanidza nemaoko?

Unogona kusona nemaoko uchishandisa maburi (DIP) nemapakeji eSMT ane lead (SOIC, TQFP, LQFP), asi zvikamu zveQFN neBGA zvakaoma kana kuti hazvigoneke nemaoko uye zvinofanirwa kudzokororwa. Kusarudza mapakeji chisarudzo chekusonesa chinoitwa panguva yekugadzira: DIP iri nyore asi haiwanzo kuwanikwa kune machipisi emazuva ano, mapini eSMT ane lead ari pamucheto anogona kusvikwa nesimbi, QFN/DFN inovanza mapedhi avo pasi pemuviri, uye BGA inoisa mabhora akawanda pasi ayo asingagone kusonera nemaoko.

Kana uri kugadzira nemaoko, sarudza pasuru ine lead. Kana chikamu chawakasarudza chikauya seQFN kana BGA chete, chitore sechiratidzo chakasimba chekushandisa stencil-and-reflow kana kuti kugadzira assembly kunze. Chikamu chacho chinoumbawo bhodhi rese, saka kuverenga nekukurumidza pakusarudza microcontroller yakakodzera kunobatsira usati waisa chiratidzo.

2. Maitiro ekusonesa QFN ne thermal pad iri kuseri kwechip

Kuti ugobatanidza mapini eMCU nemaoko, batanidza makona maviri akatarisana, dhonza-solder mumutsara wega wega (uchirega ichibatanidza), wobva wapukuta mabhiriji neshinda inobvisa tambo. Pedhi repakati rekupisa riri paQFN - "mapedhi madiki ari kuseri kwe microcontroller" anotsvagwa nevanhu - riri pasi pechip apo simbi haigoni kusvika, saka nemaoko mhedzisiro yacho haienderane uye kuyerera kwemvura ndiyo nzira yakavimbika. Danho nedanho:

• Isa kona imwe. Isa chip pamusoro petsoka dzayo wobva wabatanidza pini imwe chete yekona kuti ivharwe; tarisa kuti chigadziko chayo chakamira sei usati waenderera mberi.
• Isa kona yakatarisana kugadzirisa chikamu chacho zvizere.
• Dhonza-solder mitsara. Wedzera mvura inoyerera zvakanaka wodhonza simbi shoma pamutsara wega wega. Kubatanidza zvakanaka - mvura inoyerera inobatsira kuti ifambe ichikwira pamapini.
• Bvisa mabhiriji. Isa chirukwa chinobvisa jira pamusoro pemapini akabatana wobva wapisa; chirukwa chinodhonza jira rakawandisa, zvosiya majoini akachena.
• Ongorora pasi pekukwidziridzwa kusimbisa kuti pini yega yega yakanyoroveswa uye hapana mabhiriji asara.

Kuchinja-chinja, kukwidziridza, uye simbi inodzorwa nekupisa hazvigone kutaurwa pano. Kune thermal pad uye kune chero chikamu cheQFN kana BGA, hunyanzvi hwekushongedza nestencil aperture ndiyo nzira yakakodzera pane nzira pfupi.

3. Maitiro ekugadzira microcontroller: SWD, JTAG, ISP, kana bootloader

Ronga microcontroller kuburikidza ne hardware debug interface (SWD kana JTAG pa ARM Cortex-M, ISP pa AVR) kana kuburikidza ne serial bootloader uchishandisa USB-to-serial chip. Hardware interface ndiyo inonyanya kuvimbika nekuti haitsamiri pa bootloader inoshanda uye inokutenderawo kuti ugadzirise; mapini mashoma anobatanidza kune programmer yakaita se ST-Link kana J-Link uye anoburitsa chip zvakananga.

• SWD / JTAG / ISP. Zvakanakira bhodhi rekutanga. Mhuri yeSTM32 inzvimbo inowanzo tanga, uye izvi gwara revatangi veSTM32 inovhara kufamba kwayo kweSWD zvakanaka.
• Bootloader yeserial. Yakachipa uye iri nyore: chip yeUSB-to-serial (kazhinji FTDI) inosungirira USB yePC kuenda kuMCU's UART, uye bootloader inogamuchira firmware pamusoro peiyo link.
• USB yemuno. Mamwe maMCU ane USB yakavakirwa mukati uye anoita semudziyo unogona kurongwa zvakananga, usina chip yakasiyana.

Kana uchida kuti mayuniti akawanda arongwe zvakafanana, factory IC programming inobvisa zvachose kushandura kwebhodhi rega rega kuitira kuti mabhodhi asvike avheneke.

4. Mutyairi weFTDI haasi kuratidza chiteshi cheCOM here? Heino mhinduro

Kana chip yako yeFTDI isingaonekwe seCOM port, zvinowanzo kukonzera dhiraivha isipo, tambo yeUSB inongochajwa chete, mitsetse yeTX/RX yakachinjwa, kana chip yeFTDI yenhema. Verenga zvese zvinotevera:

• Isa mutyairi wepamutemo. Dhawunirodha dhiraivha yeVirtual COM Port (VCP) kubva pawebhusaiti yeFTDI, uchifananidza system yako yekushandisa, wobva wasimbisa kuti chip yacho yakanyorwa seCOM port (Windows) kana mudziyo wetty/usbserial (macOS/Linux) usati waibatidza.
• Shandisa waya yedata, kwete yekuchaja chete. Tambo zhinji dze micro-USB dzine magetsi asi hadzina data; chinjanai musati mafunga kuti pane chikanganiso.
• Cross TX neRX. Mitsetse yekutumira nekugamuchira inofanira kuyambuka pakati pechip yeFTDI neMCU - TX kuenda kuRX, RX kuenda kuTX. Kuchinjana kwepair ndicho chikanganiso chekare chepakutanga.
• Chenjerera machipisi enhema. Zvikamu zveFTDI zvenhema zvapararira uye zvinogona kuita zvisina kunaka kana kurambwa nevatyairi vepamutemo; zvikamu zvechokwadi zvinobva kunzvimbo dzine mvumo zvinodzivirira matambudziko akawanda.

Cherechedza chiteshi chakapihwa kana chaonekwa, nekuti chishandiso chako chekuronga chinofanira kunongedzera pachiteshi ichocho. Njodzi yekunyepera-chip ndeimwe chikonzero chemvumo yekuwana zvinhu pachinhu chaicho.

5. Kutanga kukwidziridza: kuunza bhodhi idzva nhanho nhanho

Taura nezvebhodhi idzva mumatanho mana: tarisa mabhiriji e solder, tarisa ma power rails, simbisa kuti programmer yakabatana, wobva waedza zvishoma. Kutanga power-up inorongwa nenzira kwayo, kwete yemashiripiti, uye tambo isina kururama kana kuti isina kuoneka inotsanangura mishumo mizhinji ye "dead board":

• Ongorora usati waisa magetsi. Tarisa kana paine mabhiriji anosonerwa, kunyanya pamapini madiki eMCU, uye simbisa kuti zvikamu zvakapoterera zviri kutarisana nenzira kwayo.
• Tarisa magwara emagetsi. Iva nechokwadi chekuti voltage yega yega iripo uye yakarurama usati watarisira chero maitiro edhijitari.
• Simbisa kuti programmer yakabatana. Tora chishandiso chekuziva chip usati wanetseka nezve firmware yeapplication; "mudziyo waonekwa" chinhu chakakosha.
• Bvunza bvunzo shoma. Batidza LED kana kudhinda pamusoro pe serial kuratidza kuti toolchain, connection, uye chip zvese zvinoshanda, wobva wawedzera.

Kana chip ikasaita basa rayo, chikonzero chinowanzova simba, dambudziko rekusonesa pamapini epurogiramu, dambudziko remutyairi kana rechiteshi, kana kuchinjana kwemitsara yeserial - matambudziko akafanana akajairika ekubatanidza ayo anoongororwa nenyanzvi akagadzirirwa kubata.

6. Maitiro ekugadzira bhodhi riri nyore kusanganisa uye kuronga

Dhizaini yekunamira nekuronga zviri nyore nekusarudza pasuru inogadziriswa nemaoko, kuwedzera musoro wakanyorwa seSWD/JTAG/ISP, uye kupa nzvimbo dzekuyedza pamagetsi nemasaini ekiyi. Misoro yakawanda yakagadzirwa mukati uye inogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana:

• Sarudza pasuru inotengeswa nemaoko kana uchida kugadzira nemaoko, uye chengeta QFN/BGA kuti ishandiswe patsva kana kuti iunganidzwe nemakambani akazvimirira.
• Wedzera musoro wepurogiramu wakajeka ne pinout yakajairika uye silkscreen labels, kunyangwe kana uchida kushandisa bootloader, saka unogara uine mukana wekudzoka wakavimbika.
• Ipai mapoinzi ekuyedza pamagetsi emagetsi uye makiyi saka kutaura nekugadzirisa zviri nyore.
• Rongedza QFN thermal pad zvakanaka nepatani yerudyi, saka inosunganidzwa zvakanaka mukugadzirwa uye inodzora kupisa - misimboti inogara mune chero chinhu chakanaka bhodhi redunhu re microcontroller kurongeka.
• Isa zita rekuti polarity wobva waisa imwe zvakajeka kudzivirira kuungana kwemashure.

7. Nguva yekupa vanhu basa rekugadzira nekuronga mapurogiramu eMCU

Kuisa zvinhu zvekunze kana wangosvika pazvikamu zveQFN/BGA, pitch yakanaka, thermal pad iri kuseri kwechip, kana kupfuura mabhodhi maviri - mushure meizvozvo, kubatanidza maoko kunotora nguva yakawanda uye goho kupfuura zvinochengetedza. Kuburikidza nekubatanidza kwakazara , Highleap inobata SMT nekuisa maburi, pitch yakanaka uye BGA soldering nestencil-and-reflow, uye kuongorora kweAOI/X-ray kuitira kuti majoini ausingakwanise kuona nemaoko aonekwe.

Kutsvaga nzira dzakatenderwa kunodzivirirawo dambudziko reFTDI yekunyepera. Kune mabhodhi anoda kuiswa firmware mufekitori, Highleap inogona kusanganisira mapurogiramu uye bvunzo dzekushanda kuitira kuti mayuniti asvike achishanda kwete asina chinhu - uye bhodhi rinogona kutumirwa sechigadzirwa chapera kuburikidza nebhokisi-kuvaka assembly . Paunokumbira mutengo, taura kuti ipakeji ipi inoshandiswa neMCU, kana uchida mapurogiramu ari mubhodhi, uye kuti ndeipi bvunzo inoshanda yaunoda.

Tora mutengo wemusangano nepurogiramu

8. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pekushandisa microcontroller soldering & programming

Ndingasundira sei thermal pad iri kuseri kweQFN?

Pedhi repakati iri pasi pechip pasingakwanise kusvika simbi. Pakugadzirwa kwayo inosungirirwa nestencil aperture uye inoyererazve; nemaoko mhedzisiro yacho haienderane, saka paQFN/BGA parts reflow kana outsourced assembly ndiyo nzira yakavimbika.

Ndeipi nzira yakavimbika kwazvo yekugadzira microcontroller?

Chishandiso chekugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvehardware - SWD kana JTAG pazvikamu zveARM, ISP paAVR - nekuti hazvibvi pabootloader inoshanda uye zvinobvumirawo kugadzirisa zvikanganiso. Bootloader yeserial pamusoro pechip yeUSB-to-serial yakachipa asi inowedzera dhiraivha.

Sei chip yangu yeFTDI isingaonekwe seCOM port?

Zvikonzero zvinowanzoonekwa zvinosanganisira dhiraivha yeVCP isipo kana kuti isiriyo, tambo yeUSB inongochajwa chete, mitsetse yeTX/RX yakachinjwa, kana chip yeFTDI yenhema. Isa dhiraivha yepamutemo, shandisa tambo yedata, yambuka TX/RX, uye shandisa zvikamu zvechokwadi.

Ndingadhawunirodha kupi mutyairi weFTDI?

Tora dhiraivha yepamutemo yeVirtual COM Port (VCP) kubva pawebhusaiti yeFTDI wobva wasarudza chivakwa cheoperating system yako, wobva wasimbisa kuti chip yaonekwa seCOM port kana tty device usati waibatidza.

Ko Highleap inogona kusonera zvikamu zveQFN/BGA here uye kuisa firmware yangu?

Ehe. Highleap inoita fine-pitch uye BGA assembly ne reflow uye X-ray inspection, inowana zvikamu zvechokwadi, uye inogona kuronga mabhodhi uye kuita functional testing kuitira kuti mayuniti aendeswe achishanda.