Yedu PCB Gungano Maitiro-Highleap Electronic

Maitiro ekubatanidza PCB anoshandura bhodhi risina chinhu rakagadzirwa kuita chigadzirwa chemagetsi chinoshanda nekuisa zvikamu, kubatanidza zvinhu, kuongorora mhando, uye kuona mashandiro emagetsi. Kune OEMs, makambani matsva ehardware, mainjiniya, uye mapoka ekutenga, kunzwisisa maitiro aya kwakakosha kwete chete pamhando yechigadzirwa, asiwo panguva yekutanga, kugona kugadzira, uye kudzora mutengo.

KuHighleap Electronics, tinopa masevhisi ekugadzira maPCB emhando yepamusoro, mapurojekiti ekugadzira zvinhu zvishoma, uye akawanda mumakambani evatengi, maindasitiri, mota, kutaurirana, uye ekurapa. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura maitiro ese ekugadzira maPCB nhanho nhanho, kubva pakuongorora mafaira ekugadzira uye kuwana zvikamu kusvika pakuisa SMT, kusundira, kuongorora, kuyedza, uye kuendesa kwekupedzisira.

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Chii chinonzi PCB Assembly?

Kuungana kwePCB, kunowanzo pfupikiswa sePCBA, inzira yekuisa nekusungirira zvikamu zvemagetsi pabhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa kuitira kuti bhodhi rishande zvakanaka nemagetsi. PCB isina chinhu ine ma trace emhangura, ma pads, mask yekusundira, uye maburi akaboorwa, asi haigone kuita basa rayo kusvika zvinhu zvakaita se resistors, capacitors, ICs, connectors, switches, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvabatanidzwa pairi.

Maitiro ekubatanidza maPCB anogona kusanganisira tekinoroji yekugadzika pamusoro (SMT) uye tekinoroji yekupinza maburi (THT), zvichienderana nedhizaini. Mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi emazuva ano, SMT inoshandiswa kune zvikamu zvakawanda nekuti inotsigira kubatanidza kwekumhanya kukuru, kwakawanda, uye otomatiki. Kubatanidza maburi kuchiri kushandiswa kune zvinobatanidza, matransformer, marelay, ma terminal blocks, ma capacitor makuru, uye zvikamu zvakamanikidzwa nemechanically.

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Danho 1: Ongororo yeFaira uye Kugadzirira Kweinjiniya

Maitiro ekugadzira PCB anotanga chero chinhu chisati chapinda mumutsetse wekugadzira. Danho rekutanga kugadzirira kweinjiniya, uko dhizaini inoongororwa kuti yakakwana here, inogoneka kugadzirwa, uye kuti yakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa.

Mafaira akajairika anoongororwa padanho iri anosanganisira:

• Gerber mafaira
• BOM (bhiri rezvinhu)
• Sarudza faira kana data repakati penzvimbo
• Gungano mifananidzo
• Zvinyorwa zvakakosha zvemaitiro
• Zvinodiwa pakuronga kana bvunzo kana zvichibvira

Danho iri rakakosha nekuti matambudziko mazhinji ekugadzira anokonzerwa neruzivo rweBOM rusina kukwana, tsoka dzisina kururama, kusanzwisisika kwepolarity, tsananguro dzemapakeji dzisina kuenderana, kana mirairo yekuungana isina kushaikwa. Kuongorora kwekutanga kunobatsira kudzivirira kunonoka, kugadzirisa patsva, uye zvikanganiso zvinodhura pakugadzira.

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Danho rechipiri: Kutsvaga Zvikamu uye Kuongorora Kunouya

Mushure mekunge dhizaini yasimbiswa, zvikamu zvinotorwa zvichienderana neBOM. Zvichienderana neprojekiti, izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kubatanidzwa kwe turnkey nekutenga kwakazara, kubatanidzwa kwakazara nezvikamu zvinopihwa nevatengi, kana modhi yakasanganiswa yekutsvagisa.

Kugadzira kusati kwatanga, zvinhu zvinopinda zvinotariswa kuti zvionekwe kuti:

• Nhamba dzezvikamu dzakarurama uye mhando dzemapakeji
• Huwandu uye kuenderana kwehuwandu
• Mamiriro ekurongedza uye kukodzera kwereel kushandiswa kweSMT
• Mamiriro emudziyo anokonzerwa nehunyoro kana zvichibvira
• Kodhi yezuva uye zvinodiwa pakutevedza kana zvichidikanwa

Kuongorora kwakanaka kunoderedza njodzi yekurodha zvinhu zvisina kunaka, zvikanganiso zvekudyisa, matambudziko ekusonesa, uye matambudziko ekuvimbika gare gare mukuita uku.

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Danho rechitatu: Kudhinda neSpi paste yeSolder

Kune maSMT assemblies, kudhinda solder paste ndeimwe yematanho akakosha mukuita kwePCB assembly yese. Solder paste inoiswa pamaPCB pads kuburikidza nestencil kuitira kuti zvikamu zvigone kuiswa uye kusungirirwa panguva yekudzoreredzwa kwesimba.

Hunhu hwekudhinda hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei:

• Kukobvu kwakakodzera kwestencil uye dhizaini yekuvhura kwayo
• Kurongeka kwakarurama uchishandisa fiducials
• Kumanikidzwa kwakagadzikana kwesqueegee uye kumhanya kwekudhinda
• Mamiriro akakodzera ekunamira kwe solder uye viscosity

Mushure mekudhinda, mitsetse yakawanda yekugadzira inoshandisa solder paste inspection (SPI) kutarisa vhoriyamu ye paste, kukwirira, nzvimbo, uye kurongeka kwayo. Izvi zvinobatsira kubata zvikanganiso nekukurumidza zvisati zvave kutadza kuiswa kana kukundikana kwekusungirirwa.

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Danho rechina: Kuiswa kweSMT Component

Kana paste yekusonesa yaiswa, zvikamu zveSMT zvinoiswa paPCB uchishandisa michina yekutora-ne-kuisa otomatiki. Danho rino rinoshandura data rekuisa mudhijitari kuita kuunganidza chaiko pabhodhi.

Kurongeka kwenzvimbo kunoenderana ne:

• Machine calibration
• Kugadzirisa kwakarurama kwe feeder
• Kurongeka kwemaonero kwakavimbika
• Sarudzo yakakodzera yemuromo wemuromo
• Kuzivikanwa kwakarurama kwezvikamu

MaIC ane pitch yakanaka, maQFN, maBGA, uye zvinhu zvidiki zvikuru zvakaita se0201 kana 01005 zvinoda kudzorwa kwakasimba. Kunyangwe ma placement offsets madiki anogona kukonzera bridging, open, kana kuvanza solder defects mushure mekudzoserwa kwemvura.

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Nhanho 5: Reflow Soldering

Mushure mekuiswa kweSMT, bhodhi rinopfuura nemuovheni inodzokororwa, uko solder paste inonyunguduka yogadzira majoini e solder asingaperi pakati pezvikamu nema PCB pads. Iri ndiro rimwe rematanho akakosha nekuti rinotarisa zvakananga kusimba kwejoini ye solder kune zvikamu zvakawanda zvakasungirirwa pamusoro.

Purogiramu yekudzokororwa kwemvura inodzorwa inosanganisira:

• Preheat
• soak
• Nguva iri pamusoro pemvura
• Tembiricha yepamusoro-soro
• Kutonhodza kunodzorwa

Kana chimiro chekupisa chisina kutarisirwa zvakanaka, zvikanganiso zvakaita sekutemwa kwematombo, kusanyorova zvakakwana, mabhora ekusolder, kuvharika kwemvura, majoini anotonhora, kana kushushikana kwekupisa zvinogona kuitika. Pakuungana kwakakwirira, nitrogen inogona kushandiswa kuderedza oxidation uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwesolder.

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Danho rechitanhatu: Kuungana kweBy-Hole uye Kubatanidza Kwechipiri

Mazhinji maPCB assemblies anosanganisira zvese SMT nezvikamu zvinopinda nepaburi. Kupinda nepaburi kunowanzo shandiswa kune zvinobatanidza, zvikamu zvemagetsi, marelay, ma terminal blocks, ma transformer, uye zvikamu zvinoda rutsigiro rwakasimba rwemakanika.

Zvikamu izvi zvinogona kutengeswa ne:

• Wave soldering
• Kusungirira kwakasarudzwa
• Manual soldering

Nzira chaiyo inoenderana nekugadzirwa kwebhodhi, kunzwisiswa kwekupisa, musanganiswa wezvikamu, uye huwandu hwekugadzirwa. Kubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kunobatsira zvikuru pamabhodhi ane tekinoroji yakasiyana-siyana uko kunodiwa kudzora kwenzvimbo pasina kukanganisa zvikamu zveSMT zviri pedyo.

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Danho rechitanhatu: Kuongorora uye Kuedzwa

Kuongorora nekuyedza zvinovimbisa kuti PCB yakabatanidzwa inosangana nezvinodiwa nemaziso uye zvemagetsi isati yatumirwa. Maitiro ekubatanidza PCB akavimbika haagumiri pakusungirirwa. Anosanganisira kusimbiswa kwakarongeka.

Nzira dzakajairika dzekuongorora nedzekuedza dzinosanganisira:

• AOI (Automated Optical Inspection): kuongorora zvikamu zvisipo, zvikanganiso zvepolarity, kusarongeka zvakanaka, kubatana, uye zvikanganiso zvinoonekwa
• X-ray kuongorora: inoshandiswa paBGAs, QFNs, majoini akavanzwa, uye kuongorora kwevasina chinhu
• ICT (In-Circuit Testing): inotarisa kubatana kwemagetsi uye zvikanganiso zvechikamu
• Kuedza kushanda: inosimbisa kuti bhodhi rinoshanda nemazvo mumamiriro aro ekushanda
• Miedzo yekutsva kana kukwegura: inoshandiswa pazvigadzirwa zvakakosha kana kuti zvinovimbika zvakanyanya

Maitiro ekuongorora anoenderana nekuoma kwechigadzirwa, zvinodiwa kuvimbika, njodzi yekushandisa, uye chinangwa chemutengo. Kune zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri, zvekurapa, uye zvekutaurirana, kufukidzwa kwebvunzo kunowanzo kuve chikamu chikuru chekutonga kwemhando.

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Danho rechisere: Kuunganidza Kwekupedzisira, Kuchenesa, uye Kutumira

Mushure mekuongororwa nekuyedzwa, PCB assembly inogona kuita matanho ekupedzisira akadai sekuchenesa, conformal coating, kuisa michina, kuisa label, anti-static packaging, moisture barrier packing, kana kugadzirira kutumira zvinhu zvakanangana nevatengi.

Danho rekupedzisira iri rinokosha nekuti kubata, kurongedza, uye kunyora mazita kunokanganisa kana mabhodhi asvika akagadzirira kushandiswa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, mumaindasitiri, uye munzvimbo dzekugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.

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Mafaira Atinofanira Kugadzira PCB

Kuti vagadzire madokero uye vagadzirire chirongwa chePCB nemazvo, mugadziri anowanzoda zvinopfuura mafaira ePCB asina chinhu. Pakeji yakazara inovandudza kururama kwemadokero uye inoita kuti ongororo yeinjiniya ive inobatsira zvikuru.

Seti yemafaira anokurudzirwa inosanganisira:

• Gerber mafaira
• BOM ine nhamba dzezvikamu zvemugadziri
• Data rekusarudza-uye-nzvimbo kana repakati
• Dhirowa yegungano
• Zvinyorwa zvakakosha zvemaitiro
• Mirayiridzo yekuronga kana bvunzo kana zvichidikanwa
• Huwandu uye nguva yekutungamira zvinodiwa

Kana data rakakwana, zvinova nyore kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika kwemainjiniya, kunonoka kwekutsvaga, uye zvikanganiso zvekugadzirira kuunganidza.

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Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezvemaitiro Ekugadzira PCB

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekugadzirwa kwePCB nekuungana kwePCB?

Kugadzirwa kwePCB kunogadzira bhodhi risina chinhu, kusanganisira zvidimbu zvemhangura, maburi akaboorwa, chifukidziro chesolder, uye kupedzisa kwenzvimbo. PCB assembly mounts uye zvikamu zvesolders pabhodhi iroro kuitira kuti rishande zvakanaka nemagetsi.

Kuungana kwePCB chete ndiko kunonzi SMT here?

Kwete. Masangano mazhinji anoshandisa tekinoroji yeSMT neburi. Maitiro chaiwo anoenderana nekusanganiswa kwezvikamu uye zvinodiwa zvemakanika kana zvemagetsi zvechigadzirwa.

Sei kudhinda ne solder paste kuchikosha?

Kudhinda paste yesolder kunokanganisa kunaka kwemajoini ese eSMT solder. Kusakwana kwehuwandu hwepaste kana kurongeka kwayo kunogona kutungamira pakusungana, kuvhura, kutema matombo, kana kusasimba kwemajoini gare gare mukuita uku.

Sei kuyedza kuchikosha pakuumbwa kwePCB?

Kuedza kunobatsira kuona zvikanganiso zvemaziso, zvikanganiso zvemagetsi, matambudziko akavanzika ekunamira, uye kutadza kushanda kwemapuranga asati atumirwa kana kuiswa muzvigadzirwa.

Chii chinodiwa usati watanga kugadzira PCB?

Pakeji yakakwana yekugadzira inodiwa, kusanganisira mafaira eGerber, BOM, data rekusarudza nekuisa, mifananidzo yekuunganidza, uye chero zvinodiwa zvemaitiro kana bvunzo.

Maitiro akafanana ekugadzira PCB anogona here kutsigira prototype uye kugadzirwa kwehuwandu?

Ehe. Maumbirwo ehurongwa hwese akafanana, asi gadziriro yemuchina, hudzamu hwekuongorora, nzira yekuyedza, uye zvinangwa zvekushanda zvakanaka zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuvaka uye kuoma kwechigadzirwa.

Mainjiniya vanowanzo simbisa nyaya iyi pamwe chete neGerber ne drill package uye immersion gold surface finish pavanenge vachigadzira PCB kana PCBA build yakavimbika.