Zvikonzero zvePCB Kugadzira Faira Injiniya Muripo

Mukugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwePCBs (Printed Circuit Boards), zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sehunhu hwezvinhu, maitiro ekugadzira, uye mamiriro ekunze zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya hunhu hwemagetsi uye mashandiro ese ePCB. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinosangana nezvinodiwa, zvakakosha kushandisa matanho akakodzera ekubhadhara. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa kudiwa kwekubhadhara mukugadzirwa kwePCB , tichitarisa munzvimbo dzakakosha dzakadai sehupamhi hwetrace, kuboora, dhizaini yemapedhi, hunhu hwezvinhu, uye hunhu hwemagetsi.

Kunzwisisa Izvo Zvinokosha zvePCB Kugadzira Muripo

Muripo wekugadzirwa kwePCB unoreva kugadziriswa kwehurongwa kwakaitwa panguva yekugadzira nekugadzira kuti pave nekusiyana kusingadzivisike uye kushivirira kuripo mukugadzirwa kwePCB . Muripo uyu unovimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chePCB chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi, zvemakanika, uye zvekushanda pasinei nekuchinja kwemuviri kunoitika panguva yekugadzira.

Sezvo magadzirirwo ePCB achiwedzera kuomarara, aine akakwira chikamu densities, anoteedzera anoteedzera, uye akasimba kuita zvinodiwa, muganho wekukanganisa mukugadzira unowedzera kutetepa. Muripo wekugadzira unoshanda sezambuko rakakosha pakati pezvakanakira dhizaini dhizaini uye chaiwo chaiwo ekugadzira maitiro.

Trace Compensation

1. Chikonzero cheTrace Width Compensation

Munguva yePCB yekugadzira, mitsva inopinda akati wandei maitiro anogona kushandura hukuru hwavo, kunyanya etching. Etching inobvisa mhangura kuti igadzire yaunoda dunhu patani, asi haisi nzira yakatwasuka, inotungamira ku "side etching" kana "undercut." Side etching inoitika apo mhinduro ye etchant inobvisa mhangura kubva kumativi ekuteedzera pamwe nepamusoro, zvichikonzera mitsetse yakatetepa pane yakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa iyo trace yazvino-yekutakura kugona uye kusarongeka kwechiratidzo.

2. Kuverenga Trace Width Muripo

Kurwisa etching yedivi, vagadziri vePCB vanofanirwa kuisa muripo wekuteedzera hupamhi, zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei senge copper ukobvu, etching process, board material, uye trace hupamhi uye nzvimbo. Mutemo mukuru wegunwe ndewekuti:

Muripo = 1.5 * Hukobvu hwemhangura

Semuenzaniso, pa1 oz copper (1.4 mils kana 35 μm gobvu), muripo waizova 1.5 * 1.4 mils = 2.1 mils (inenge 53 μm). Saka, maronda anofanirwa kugadzirwa 2.1 mils yakafara padivi rega rega pane iyo yekupedzisira inodiwa hupamhi.

Iyi inzira yakajairwa yedunhu remuripo. Kana mutengo wemuripo wefekitori usina chokwadi, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera hupamhi hwemutsara uye mutsara wemitsara kana zvichibvira. Kana bhodhi riine mitsara yakawanda yakarongedzerwa isingakwanise kukwidziridzwa pahupamhi hwemitsara uye nzvimbo, kambani yedu ichiri kukwanisa kuigadzira. Isu tinoshandisa nzira yekubhadhara inochinja kudzora upamhi hwemutsara uye nzvimbo pabhodhi.

Zvisinei, kana paine nzvimbo diki shoma, zvinokurudzirwa kuti mugadziri agadzirise mhinduro yacho, sezvo mutengo uchizowedzera, kunyanya kumaPCB epamusoro. Kana isiri mutsetse we impedance, unogona kuraira mainjiniya weCAM zvakananga kuti agadzirise nzvimbo yacho kuti ienderane nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira hwakajairika. Saka, zvakakosha kufunga nezvemutengo uchitevedzera maitiro akanakisa ekugadzira PCB.

3. Advanced Trace Compensation Techniques

Vagadziri vepamberi PCB vanoshandisa nzira dzakaomarara dzekuripa:

a. Differential Pair Muripo

Kune yakakwira-kumhanya kusiyanisa pairi, kuchengetedza inopindirana impedance kwakakosha. Muripo haufanirwe kushandiswa kwete chete kune hupamhi hwekutsvagisa asiwo kune kupatsanura pakati pezvikwambo. Izvi zvinowanzoda kudzokorora uye kuyedzwa kuti uwane mibairo yakakwana.

b. Length Matching Compensation

Mune yakakwirira-kumhanya madhizaini, kuteedzera kureba kunoenderana kwakakosha kuchengetedza nguva yechiratidzo. Kubhadhara kunofanirwa kuverengera shanduko mukuteedzera kureba nekuda kweiyo etching, kuve nechokwadi chekuti matani akafananidzwa anoramba ari mukati mehurefu hunodiwa kushivirira mushure mekugadzira.

c. Impedance-Kudzorwa Trace Muripo

Kune maronda anodzorwa ne impedance, muripo wehupamhi unofanirwa kuverengerwa nokungwarira kuti impedance irambe iripo mushure mekuchekwa. Izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira kushanda pamwe chete nemugadziri wePCB kuti vaone kuti zvinhu zvakaunganidzwa sei uye hunhu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira.

Drill Compensation

1. Chikonzero cheDrill Compensation

Saizi dzemaburi dzakatsanangurwa mumafaira eGerber dzinowanzo reva zviyero zvakapedzwa mushure memaitiro ese ekugadzira, kusanganisira copper plating uye surface treatments. Maitiro aya anogona kuderedza saizi yegomba, zvichida muripo kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zviyero zvekupedzisira zvinosangana nezvinodiwa.

2. Mitemo yeIndasitiri yekuDrill Muripo

Kukosha kwekubhadharisa kuchera kunobva mukuongororwa kwekugona kugadzira. Semuenzaniso, kana saizi yekupedzisira yegomba inodiwa iri 1.00mm uye plating ichiwedzera ukobvu, dhipatimendi reinjiniya rinogona kushandisa 1.15mm drill bit. Izvi zvinoita kuti saizi yekupedzisira yegomba mushure mekuputira ienderane nezvinodiwa nedhizaini. Mari yekubhadharisa kuchera inoenderana nemaitiro epamusoro uye saizi yegomba rekuputira. Kazhinji, kune maitiro akadai sekupfapfaidza netin, muripo we0.15mm unoshandiswa, nepo pakunyudza goridhe, muripo we0.1mm unoshandiswa. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti nei mainjiniya eCAM achiwanzosimbisa matambudziko akadai sekusakwana kwegomba uye nzvimbo diki yegomba. Kunzwisisa matambudziko aya kunobvumira kudzivirira zvinobudirira, zvichigonesa mainjiniya eCAM kugadzirisa mafaira eGerber nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira.

Zvinonyanya kukosha kuterera kune kusarudzwa kwemasaizi. Kana vagadziri vePCB vakafunga nezvemubhadharo pachine nguva uye nekukudza mapedhi anowirirana, maPCB akagadzirwa achawana mukurumbira wakanaka pakati pemainjiniya eCAM. Iyi proactive approach inoita kuti zviboore pads zvinoramba zvakaringana mushure memuripo, zvichifambisa kupfava uye kunyatsoita faira optimization.

Pad Compensation

Kukosha kwePad Muripo

Pad muripo wakakosha pakuona hukama hwakavimbika uye hwemhando yepamusoro solder. Maitiro ekugadzira anogona kushandura pad size uye chimiro nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita setembiricha uye kudzvanywa. Pasina muripo wakakodzera, shanduko idzi dzinogona kukonzera kuderera kwehunyoro hwekutengesa, kusununguka kusungirirwa, kana kutadza kwekutengesa.

Pad Muripo Nzira

a. Kubhadhariswa kwedhayamita : Gadzirisa dhayamita yepad kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nechikamu, kazhinji mukati me10%.

b. Kutsiva Chimiro : Kune maSMD ari pamusoro pemhangura hombe, saizi yepedhi inotsanangurwa nehukuru hwekuvhura mask yekusolder. Kuti irambe iri saizi yekutanga yeSMD, kuvhura mask yekusolder pafoil hombe yemhangura kunosarudzwa zvakasiyana. Saizi yekutanga yeCAD SMD pamwe nemutengo wekutsiva zvinoshandiswa kuona kuti SMD iri pamusoro pemhangura hombe inoenderana neSMD iri patrace.

c. Muripo weKupatsanura : Iva nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yakakwana pakati pemapedhi kudzivirira mapfupi. Nzvimbo inokurudzirwa yezvikamu zveBGA neIC ndeye 0.15 mm. Kana dhayamita yegomba rakanyanya kukura uye padhi iri diki, mainjiniya eCAM vanozowedzera padhi rose kana kurigera kuti rirambe rakasungirirwa uku vachiona nzvimbo yakakodzera.

Muripo Wezvinhu

Kubhadhara zvinhu kwakakosha pakuona kuti maPCB akasimba uye akavimbika panguva yekugadzirwa uye mushure mekugadzirwa. Zvinhu zvakasiyana zvePCB zvine macoefficient akasiyana-siyana ekuwedzera kwekupisa, izvo zvinokanganisa saizi yebhodhi panguva yekugadzirwa. Pasina muripo wakakodzera zvichibva pamacoefficients aya, bhodhi rinogona kusangana nekukombama, kutsemuka, kana mamwe marudzi ekushanduka-shanduka anokanganisa mashandiro aro. Kuti rirambe rakagadzikana, zvakakosha kuverenga nemazvo uye kushandisa zvigadziriso zvinodiwa kuti utarise misiyano iyi yekuwedzera kwekupisa.

Pamusoro pezvo, zviyero uye zvinhu zveiyo yakadhindwa yedunhu dhayagiramu inonyanya kukanganisa saizi yePCB yekupedzisira uye chimiro. Panguva yekugadzira, zvigadziriso zvakakodzera zvinofanirwa kuitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kungwarira kudzora kwekugadzira maitiro paramita, kusanganisira tembiricha, humidity, uye kupisa nguva, iyo inofanirwa kunyatso kudzorwa kuti igadzirise izvo chaizvo zvinodiwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzePCB. Nekuita zvigadziriso izvi, vagadziri vanogona kuwana kugadzikana kunodiwa uye kuita mune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa.

mhedziso

Kubhadhara mukugadzirwa kwePCB kunogadzirisa zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kuita kwebhodhi uye kuvimbika. Nekushandisa trace wide, kuchera, padhi dhizaini, zvinhu, uye magetsi ehunhu muripo, vagadziri vakaita seHighleap Electronic vanogona kuona kuti maPCB avo anosangana neakaomesesa emhando yepamusoro uye anoita nekuvimbika mumashandisirwo avanoda.

KuHighleap Electronic, takazvipira kugadzirisa zvinhu izvi zvine hungwaru, zvichikonzera kuita kwepamusoro, kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekutadza, uye kugutsikana kwevatengi kwakanyanya. Vimba neHighleap Electronic kune yako PCB inoda, uye unzwe mutsauko unoitwa nemazvo uye kuzvipira.