Zvinodiwa zveSarudza uye Isa Faira rePCB Assembly

Zviri Mukati

1. Zviri muFiles dzeSarudzo neDzimba
2. Magadzirirwo eFomati yeFaira
3. Masisitimu Ekubatanidza uye Mavambo
4. Misangano Yekutenderera
5. Zvakajairika Mhosho uye Mhinduro
6. Kugadzira Mafaira Ekuisa Mhando Yepamusoro

KuHighleap Electronics, tinogadzira maPCB uye tinoshandisa SMT assembly builds zuva rega rega. Faira rekusarudza nekuisa rinongo "rikarurama" chete kana richienzaniswa nedata remabhodhi ekugadzira chaiwo (Gerber outline, drill, BOM revision, panelization). Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinodiwa zvekusarudza nekuisa mafaira kuitira kuti chirongwa chako chekuisa chigone kugadzirwa nekukurumidza uye nemazvo.

1. Zviri Mumafaira Ekusarudza Uye Kuisa

Mafaira ekusarudza nekuisa (anonziwo ma "centroid" kana kuti "XY placement files") anopa data renzvimbo yezvikamu rinogona kuverengwa nemuchina rinoshandiswa kuronga michina yekusarudza nekuisa yeSMT. Mukugadzirwa, faira rekuisa rinoongororwa zvichienderana neGerber neBOM kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ma "coordinates" uye ma "orientation" anoenderana nePCB chaiyo iri kuvakwa.

1.1 Minda yeData Inodiwa

• Murongi weReferensi: Chiratidzo chechikamu (R1, C5, U3) chinofanira kuenderana neBOM
• X Coordinate: Nzvimbo yakatwasuka kubva pamavambo akatsanangurwa
• Y Coordinate: Nzvimbo yakatwasuka kubva pakutanga kwakatsanangurwa
• Kutenderera: Kurongeka kwezvikamu mumadhigirii
• Rutivi: Pamusoro kana pasi pebhodhi

1.2 Nzvimbo Dzinobatsira (Dzinokurudzirwa)

• Kukosha kweChikamu / Tsananguro: 10k, 100nF, modhi yeMCU, nezvimwewo.
• Chinyorwa chetsoka / Pakeji: 0402, 0603, SOT-23, QFN-32, LQFP-48, nezvimwewo.
• Nhamba yeChikamu cheMugadziri (MPN): Zvinokurumidzisa kurongeka kwezvishandiso uye zvinoderedza mibvunzo yekutsvaga ruzivo

Kana uri kugadzirira kutumirwa kwakazara kwekugadzira (maGerbers, madrill, BOM, nzvimbo, madhirowa), runyorwa urwu runogona kubatsira kuona kuti hapana chiri kushaikwa:
Zvinodiwa zvePCB assembly file.

2. Magadzirirwo eFomati yeFaira

2.1 Mafomati Anogamuchirwa

CSV (Maitiro Akaparadzaniswa neComma): Fomura inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inogamuchirwa nevanhu vose (.csv).

TXT (Tab-Delimited): Imwe nzira inogamuchirwa nevakawanda (.txt), kunyanya kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzeCAD dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

2.2 Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekugadzira Mafaira

• Sanganisira a mutsara wemusoro (mazita emakoramu) uye rambai muchienderana.
• Chengeta X/Y/Rotation se nhamba chete minda (hapana zviratidzo, hapana magwaro akasanganiswa).
• Shandisa kunyatsorongeka kwakafanana (semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzedesimali 3–4).
• Dzivisa makomendi kana mitsara yakawedzerwa mukati medunhu redata (michina nemanyorero zvinogona kuaverenga zvisizvo).

2.3 Muenzaniso weMaumbirwo eFaira

Mamwe maturusi eCAD anotaura zvakafanana ne "centroid." Kana uchida tsananguro yemunda nemunda yezvakabuda zvecentroid uye musiyano wemazita, unogona kureva:
Tsanangudzo yefaira reCentroid.

3. Masisitimu Ekubatanidza uye Mavambo

Kukanganisa kweCoordinate ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti faira rekuisa riite se "rine musoro" asi risingabudise. Chinhu chikuru ndechekujeka: fekitori inofanira kuziva kuti nhamba dzako dzeX/Y dzinoyerwa kubva kupi uye kuti muzvikamu zvipi.

3.1 Nzvimbo Yekutanga

• Kona yepazasi kuruboshwe: Yakanyanya kuwanikwa uye inokurudzirwa kune macoordinates e-single-PCB
• Pakati pebhodhi: Dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa—inofanira kutsanangurwa zvakajeka uye kushandiswa nguva dzose

Gara uchitaura zvakanobuda pachena. Muchirongwa cheSMT chaicho, kusawirirana kwepakutanga kunowanzo gadzira "uniform offset" apo chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoshanduka nedaro rakafanana kana tichienzanisa nebhodhi.

3.2 Tsanangudzo yeZvikamu

• Mamirimita (mm): Mwero wepasi rose uye unofarirwa
• Mamiri: Chiyero chekare cheUS (1 mil = 0.0254 mm)

Gara uchitsanangura mayuniti. Kusawirirana kwemayuniti kunokonzera zvikanganiso zvekuyera zvinogona kuisa zvikamu kunze kwebhodhi kana mukati menzvimbo dzisingapindi.

3.3 Panel vs. One PCB Coordinates (Yakakosha pakugadzira)

Kana PCB yako ichizobatanidzwa mupaneru, simbisa kana faira rako riri:

• Makoroniti ePCB imwe chete: Fekitori inoshandisa mapaneru panguva yekuronga michina (nzira yakajairika)
• Marongerwo epaneru: Faira rako rinenge riine ma offsets/tooling rails (rinoshanda, asi rinofanira kunge rakanyorerwa zvakajeka)

Sarudzo dzekugadzirisa mapaneru (zvishandiso zvekushandisa, mafiducial, maitiro ekupatsanura, kuchengetedza) zvinokanganisa zvakananga nguva yekuunganidza uye yekuronga. Kana uri kupedzisa dhizaini yekugadzira, gwara iri rinobatsira: Mitemo yekugadzira maassembling.

4. Mitemo Yekutenderera

Kutenderera ndicho chikonzero chechipiri chinowanzo kukonzera matambudziko ekubatanidza, kunyanya kune zvikamu zvakapatsanurwa uye nzvimbo yepasi. Chinangwa hachisi chekutevedzera dzidziso ye "pasi rose" - ndechekuona kuti kutenderera kunotumirwa neCAD yako kunoenderana nekwakarongerwa paPCB chaiyo.

4.1 Musangano Wakajairika

• 0°: Chikamu chiri munzvimbo yekutenderera zero
• 90°: Inotenderera 90° counterclockwise
• 180°: Yakatenderedzwa 180°
• 270°: Inotenderera 90° newachi

4.2 Zero Rotation Reference (Maitiro ekusimbisa mafekitori)

MaIC: Kurongeka kwePin 1 ndiko kunonyanya kukosha. Faira rekusarudza-uye-kuisa rakakodzera rinofanira kuenderana nechiratidzo chekuona/silkscreen chePin 1.
Zvikamu zvakasanganiswa (diode/LEDs/electrolytics): Inofanira kuenderana nezviratidzo zve polarity (K stripe, + sign, notch/stripe).
Zvikamu zvechipisi: Kazhinji zvinoenderana ne axis yavo refu iri pa X-axis (inosiyana zvichienderana neraibhurari, saka kuenderana kwayo kunokosha).

Chinyorwa chepazasi: Kuiswa kwepasi kunogona kusanganisira mitemo yekuenzanisa zvichienderana nemaitiro eCAD export. Kuongorora kwekukurumidza kwefactory ndeyekusimbisa chikamu chimwe chete chepasi chakapatsanurwa mu3D/assembly view yako—kana chiri chokwadi, tsika yepasi inowanzo kuve yakakodzera bhodhi rese.

5. Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika uye Mhinduro

5.1 Zvikanganiso zveKubatanidza

Kusawirirana kwepakutanga: Zvinhu zvese zvakagadziriswa zvakaenzana—simbisa kuti mavambo acho anoenderana neGerber board outline uye kuti hausi kusanganisa mavambo ebhodhi rimwe chete nepaneru.
Kusawirirana kweyuniti: Chikero chisina kunaka—taura zvakajeka mm kana mil wobva wagadzirazve faira kana zvichidikanwa.

5.2 Zvikanganiso zveKutenderera

Kutenderera kwese kwakashata (kugadziriswa kwakafanana): Mutemo wakasiyana we zero-rotation—simbisa uchishandisa IC imwe (Pin 1) uye chikamu chimwe chakapatsanurwa, wobva wanyora mutemo wakashandiswa.
Kutenderera kwakasiyana (zvikamu zvakaparadzana): Matsimba asingaenderane—simbisa tsoka idzodzo zvichienderana nemapepa edata uye maonero ako ekuunganidza.

5.3 Data Risipo

Zvinhu zvisipo: Isa zvinhu zvose zvinodiwa pakuumba (uye zvinhu zvefiducial kana maitiro ako achida).
Vagadziri vemagadzirirwo asina kuenzana: Gadzira Gerbers/BOM/placement kubva pakugadzirisa dhizaini imwecheteyo kudzivirira kusawirirana kweRefDes.

Tumira Mafaira eGungano

6. Kugadzira Mafaira Ekuisa Nzvimbo Yemhando Yepamusoro

6.1 Rondedzero yeCAD yekuburitsa kunze kwenyika

• ☐ Mavambo akagadzirwa uye akanyorwa (pasi kuruboshwe zvinokurudzirwa kuti pave nePCB imwe chete)
• ☐ Zviyero zvakatsanangurwa zvakajeka (mm inokurudzirwa)
• ☐ Rutivi rwepamusoro/rwezasi rwatumirwa kunze nemazvo
• ☐ Zvinhu zvese zvirimo (uye zvinyorwa kana zvichidikanwa)
• ☐ Mutsara wemusoro wakabatanidzwa uye makoramu akafanana

6.2 Rondedzero Yekuongorora (Usati watumira kugungano)

• ☐ Makoroneti ari mukati mehukuru hwebhodhi (tarisa kugadzikana kwemuviri zvichienderana nechimiro chebhodhi)
• ☐ Simbisai kurongeka kweIC kudivi rimwe chete (Pin 1)
• ☐ Simbisa kuti chikamu chimwe chete chakatarisana nepazasi (mutemo wekutarisa)
• ☐ Pamusoro/Pazasi zvakaiswa nemazvo
• ☐ Vanyoreri vanoenderana nehuwandu hweBOM uye mazita

Kana uchida imwe nhanho yekuwedzera yekuchengetedza yezvinhu zvekutanga, tsoka itsva, kana zvirambidzo zvakasimba zvemakanika, ongororo yeDFM inokurumidza inowanzo tarisa njodzi dzekutanga/kutenderera/polarity kugadzirwa kusati kwatanga:
Ongororo yeDFM yemahara.

Bata Highleap Electronics kuti uwane rubatsiro mukugadzira kana kusimbisa mafaira ekusarudza nekuisa ePCB assembly—kunyanya kana usina chokwadi nezvekwakabva, panel coordinates, kana pasi-side rotation conventions.