Yakadhindwa Wiring Board vs PCB: Kuenzanisa Kwakadzika kweMabhodhi Maviri

Circuit board ine zvikamu zvakaungana

Bhodhi reWaya Rakadhindwa (PWB) neBhodhi reChikamu Rakadhindwa (PCB) zvinowanzo shandiswa zvakafanana, asi mazwi acho anogona kureva mazinga akasiyana ekuoma kwedunhu, kuungana kwezvikamu, uye magwaro ekugadzira zvichienderana nemutengi, indasitiri, uye mwero uri kuteverwa. Highleap Electronics inobata mazwi aya sedambudziko rezvinodiwa pakugadzira: pasuru yekotesheni inofanira kutaura zvakajeka kana chikumbiro chiri chekugadzira bhodhi risina chinhu, kugadzira PCB yakaunganidzwa, kana kuongorora mafaira, nerutsigiro rwakafanana nePCB basics nemafaira ePCB.

Kuenzanisa kuri pazasi kunotsanangura mashandisirwo anoitwa mazwi ePWB nePCB mukukurukurirana kwekugadzira, apo mazwi acho anopindirana, uye kuti ndeapi mashoko anofanira kusimbiswa nevatengi vasati vaburitsa mafaira ekugadzira kana kuunganidza.

Nhanganyaya kuPWB nePCB

Kunzwisisa Zvinokosha

PWB nePCB zvinomirira Printed Wiring Board uye Printed Circuit Board, zvichiteerana. Aya mazwi anoreva mapuranga anopa tsigiro yemuviri uye kubatanidza kwemagetsi kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Kunyange zvazvo zvose zviri zviviri zvakajairika mumagetsi nemagetsi, zvine misiyano yakasiyana. Ngatiburitse dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha kuti tiwedzere kunzwisisa izvi zvinopindirana uye mutsauko.

Nhoroondo Yenhoroondo

Musiyano uripo pakati pePWB nePCB unogona kudzoserwa kumashure kumashure kweiyo tekinoroji. Mumazuva ekutanga emagetsi, PWBs ndiyo yaiva nzira huru yekubatanidza zvikamu, uye izwi rokuti "yakadhindwa wiring board" yakanyatsotsanangura basa ravo. Sezvo tekinoroji yakakwira uye michina yemagetsi yakawedzera kuomarara, kudiwa kwekubatana kwakanyanyisa kwakatungamira mukuvandudzwa kwePCBs, iyo yakabatanidza akawanda akaturikidzana emaitiro ekufambisa uye akamisikidzwa zvikamu.

PWB vs. PCB Technology

Nhoroondo ye PWB Technology

PWB inoreva bhodhi risina kutenderera mumudziyo wemagetsi, uchishandisa epoxy girazi substrate isina chero yakadhindwa zvikamu. Iyo tekinoroji yekutanga, uko kuitira kuti ipe conduction-inodzivirira nzvimbo pakati pekuita-inogonesa traces, zvigadzirwa zvinomisikidzwa panguva yekugadzira maitiro kugadzira zvinongedzo. Inosanganisira manyore kudhirowa uye etching maseketi pabhodhi uye kubatanidza zvikamu kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, zvinoenderana neyakatsanangurwa dhizaini, zvichikonzera dhizaini yemagetsi inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.

Nhoroondo ye PCB Technology

PCB tekinoroji yakawedzera uye inosanganisira kushandisa komputa kugadzira nekugadzira masekete pabhodhi. Kugadzirwa kwePCB kunowanzo shandisa insulating board ine waya dzakabatanidzwa. Zvinhu zvinozodhindwa mune yakafanotsanangurwa dhizaini kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda pane imwe dielectric substrate. Saizi uye nzvimbo yemakondakita anokanganisa zvakanyanya kuti dunhu rinoshanda sei kupfuura kungoita kunongedzera-kune-inongedzo.

Pfungwa huru: MaPCB anogona kunge akaomarara uye akazara nezvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura PWB assembly. Akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakabatana nematracks ekufambisa, mapedhi, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakachekwa kubva pamapepa emhangura akasungirirwa pasubstrate isingafambise mhepo.

Zvishandiso Zvinoshandiswa muPWBs uye PCBs

Conductive Layers

Mhangura, sirivha, uye goridhe zvinhu zvakakurumbira zvePCB zvekupa chiratidzo chekufambisa chiteshi cheiyo conductive layer. Nepo goridhe iine yakanakisa conductivity ine kushomeka kushomeka, mutengo wayo wakakwira unoganhura kushandiswa kwayo. Mhangura inofarirwa nevazhinji PWB nePCB maapplication sezvo ichinyanya hupfumi nekusimba kwakasimba, pakati pezvimwe zvakanaka. Nhumbi dzemhangura dzinogona kuiswa zvakananga pabhodhi nemaitiro anozivikanwa se'etching', kana mapepi emhangura akagadzirwa kare anogona kunamira pabhodhi.

Non-Conductive Layers

Chinhu chine simba shoma rekufambisa magetsi chinoumba jira risingafambise magetsi. Rudzi urwu runowanzo shandisa FR-4, chinhu chakasanganiswa che epoxy, uye ceramic. Vagadziri vanowanzo shandisa FR-4 mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vavandudze mashandiro ayo e dielectric. Zvigadziko zvekugadzira zveceramic, kune rumwe rutivi, zvakanakira kushandiswa nesimba guru nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekupisa.

Prepreg Substance

Iyo prepreg chinhu chimwe chakajairika zvinhu muPWBs uye PCBs. Iyo prepreg inochengeta zvidimbu pamwechete, senge bhodhi core. Vagadziri vanoshandisa resin-impregnated fiberglass, iyo kana ichipisa, inopfava uye inosunga kune yakaturikidzana isati yaomesa uye kusimbisa chisungo kana chatonhodzwa, izvo zvinobatsirawo kuderedza kuzunguzika uye kukuvadzwa kwekuvhunduka.

Solder uye Coating

Vagadziri vanoshandisawo zvinhu zvakaita se solder pamapuranga edunhu aya. Solder chinhu chinoumbwa ne tin uye lead, icho vagadziri vanowanzo shandisa muchikamu chinonamira kubatsira kuchengetedza mhangura kubva kune oxidation. Iwo maconductive traces anogona kuvharwa kuti asaita ngura uchishandisa zvinhu zvakaita segoridhe, nickel, sirivheri, uye tin, zvichipa imwe dziviriro kubva kuguruva nehunyoro.

Pfungwa huru: Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa nevagadziri mukugadzira maPWB nemaPCB, zvichipa mwero wakasiyana wekudzivirira kupisa uye kufambisa kupisa. Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira fiberglass kana plastiki, nzira dzemhangura dzenzira dzemagetsi, namatidziro yekubatanidza zvikamu pamwe chete, uye chifukidziro chekudzivirira guruva nekudzivirira hunyoro. Sarudzo yezvinhu zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwebhodhi uye zvinodiwa nezvikamu zvemagetsi zvarinotsigira.

Chishandiso uye Mabatiro Achinogona Kukanganisa Sarudzo Yako pakati pePWB nePCB

PWB Zvikumbiro

PWB inoshanda sehwaro uye hurongwa hwezvikamu zvakabatanidzwa newaya nemaoko kana netambo. Inogona kusanganisira soldering, crimping, splicing, kana dzimwe nzira dzetambo. Sezvo inokubvumira kuti ufambe uye udzoke zvakare waya nekufamba kwenguva, zviri nyore kuita shanduko kune dhizaini pasina kutsiva bhodhi rose. Nekudaro, maPWB anodiwa mumapurojekiti umo kuchinjika chinhu chakakosha.

PCB Zvikumbiro

Magadzirirwo ePCB anoshandisa maitiro ega akadai sekucheka nekuputira. Zvikamu zvacho zvinoiswa zvakananga pabhodhi pane kusungirirwa waya zvakasiyana, zvichibvumira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvikamu kuti hubatanidzwe munzvimbo diki kupfuura zvingagoneka nePWB. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakavimbika nekuti hapana chikonzero chekunetseka nezvekubatana kwakasununguka nekuda kwekusakara nekufamba kwenguva. Zvisinei, kuchinja dhizaini yePCB kunoda kutsiva bhodhi zvachose sezvo zvikamu zvese zvinoiswa mairi zvachose. MaPCB akakodzera mapurojekiti anoda kunyatsorongeka uye kudzokorora, nekuchengetedza kushoma kunodiwa nekufamba kwenguva.

PCB ine kunyudza goridhe pamusoro tekinoroji

PWB, PCB, uye Mamwe Matemu Anoenderana

Terminology uye Kushandisa

Kazhinji, PCB inotenderedza masekete ese pabhodhi, nepo PWB ichireva bhodhi pacharo. Musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi wakajeka, zvekuti hapana chirevo che "chaiyo" chepamutemo. Geography inoitawo basa mukushandiswa kwemazwi. Muchikamu chemagetsi cheUS, mazwi anoti PCB nePWB anowanzo chinjana. PWB inguva yekutanga yemabhodhi mumazuva ekutanga eiyo tech indasitiri. Pakupedzisira, izwi rakasvika pakuratidza mabasa edunhu rekuvaka. Nepo izwi rekuti PCB richizivikanwa muchikamu chemagetsi cheUS, Japan yemazuvano inotora izwi rekuti PWB. PCB yaive yakawanda apo tekinoroji chikamu chakatanga kubuda muJapan. Nekudaro, nekuti PCB inomirirawo "polychlorinated biphenyls," kana kuti chepfu, izwi rekuti PWB rave nani. Nekudaro, mazwi ese ari maviri anoitika nguva nenguva mumagwaro uye zvinyorwa kubva panguva dzakasiyana uye nzvimbo.

Related Terminology

Kunze kwePCB nePWB, unogona zvakare kuda kuziva PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly), CCA (Circuit Card Assembly), PCA (Printed Circuit Assembly), uye PWA (Printed Wire Assembly). Aya mazwi anoshandiswa zvakare maererano neakadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi.

• PCBA (Yakadhindwa Circuit Board Assembly): Kana PCB yaunganidzwa, inodaidzwa sePCBA kana PCB gungano.
• PWA (Printed Wire Assembly): Izwi rekare rePCB musangano, rinowanzozivikanwa sePCBA.
• CCA (Circuit Card Assembly): Nehunyanzvi zvakafanana nePCBA; zvisinei, CCA ishoko risinganyanyozivikanwa.
• PCA (Yakadhindwa Circuit Assembly): Zvakafanana nePCBA, kunyangwe zvisingawanzo kusangana mazuva ano.

Kuenzanisa PWBs uye PCBs

Dhizaini Kuomarara

MaPWB anowanzo kuve ane divi rimwe chete uye akakodzera kune akareruka magadzirirwo ane yakaderera chikamu density. Kusiyana neizvi, maPCB anogona kuve ane divi rimwe chete, maviri-mativi, kana multilayer, achipa yakakura dhizaini kuchinjika uye yakakwirira chikamu density.

Kugadzira Matekiniki

Kugadzira maPWB kunosanganisira maitiro akareruka akadai se photolithography kana screen printing yekugadzira mapatani uye makemikari ekucheka kuti pave ne trace structure. Kusiyana neizvi, kugadzira maPCB kunoda matekiniki epamusoro-soro akadai se laser direct imaging (LDI) kana inkjet printing uye multilayer lamination, kuti ikwane kuoma kwekugadzira uye zvinodiwa zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano.

Kuita uye Kuvimbika

MaPCB anowanzo kupa zvirinani chiratidzo chekuvimbika, kutungamira kwekupisa, uye kuvimbika zvichienzaniswa nePWBs. Izvi zvinovaita kuti vanyatsokodzera maapplications epamusoro-soro anoda kumhanyisa data data, kugovera magetsi kwakanaka, kana kushanda pasi pemamiriro ekunze akaomarara.

Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zve substrate kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro, kugara kwenguva refu, uye mutengo wechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. MaPWB anowanzo shandisa zvinhu zvinodhura zvishoma zvakaita sephenolic paper kana epoxy glass, izvo zvinogona kukwana kushandiswa zvisinganyanyi kuoma. MaPCB anowanzo shandisa zvinhu zvinodhura zvakanyanya zvakaita seFR-4, polyimide, kana mhuri dze laminate dzakanyanya kurasikirwa kuti dzisangane nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekushanda uye kuvimbika.

Mari uye Budget Kufunga

Mutengo wese wePWB nemaPCB unogona kupesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, maitiro ekugadzira, uye dhizaini yakaoma. MaPWB anowanzo sanganisira mutengo wakaderera nekuda kwezvinhu zviri nyore uye nzira dzekugadzira, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inoyevedza yekugadzira yakaderera-vhoriyamu kana maapplication ane zvakaomesesa bhajeti. MaPCB, ane hunyanzvi hwawo hwekugadzira uye mabhenefiti ekuita, anogona kururamisa mitengo yakakwira kune chaiyo maapplication, kunyanya mukugadzirwa kwevhoriyamu.

16 layer PCB yemagetsi epamberi

Kusarudza Pakati pePWB nePCB

Zviitiko zvekufunga nezvazvo

Pakusarudza pakati pePWB nePCB yeimwe chirongwa kana application, zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinofanirwa kutariswa:

• Design Complexity: Kuoma kwekugadzirwa kwedunhu chinhu chakakosha. MaPWB akanyatsokodzera madhizaini akareruka ane density yechikamu chakaderera, nepo maPCB achipa dhizaini yakakura uye inogona kugarisa masekete akaomarara ane huwandu hwechikamu chepamusoro.
• Performance Zvinodiwa: Zvinodiwa zvekuita zvechigadzirwa chemagetsi kana sisitimu zvinoita basa rakakosha. MaPCB anowanzo kupa zvirinani chiratidzo chekuvimbika, kutungamira kwekupisa, uye kuvimbika zvichienzaniswa nePWBs, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune zvikumbiro zvinoda kumhanyisa data data, kugovera simba kwakanaka, kana kushanda pasi pemamiriro ekunze akaomarara.
• Manufacturing Constraints: Kugadzira kwePWB kunowanzo sanganisira maitiro akareruka uye mutengo wakaderera, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inoyevedza yekugadzirwa kwakaderera-vhoriyamu kana maapplication ane zvakaomesesa bhajeti. Kugadzirwa kwePCB kunoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye michina, izvo zvinogona kuguma nemitengo yakakwira uye nguva yakareba yekutungamirira.
• Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu: Sarudzo ye substrate zvinhu inogona kukanganisa mashandiro, kusimba, uye mutengo wechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. MaPWB anowanzo shandisa zvinhu zvinodhura, nepo maPCB achiwanzoshandisa zvinhu zvinonyanya kushanda.
• Regulatory and Industry Standards: Mamwe maapplication angangoda kuteedzera kune chaiwo mwero, achipesvedzera sarudzo pakati pePWB nePCB.

Mari uye Budget Kufunga

• Zvinhu Zvinodhura: MaPWB anowanzo shandisa zvinhu zvakachipa, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemitengo yese. MaPCB anoshandisa yakakwirira-kuita, inodhura zvinhu.
• Manufacturing Costs: Kugadzirwa kwePWB kunosanganisira maitiro ari nyore uye asingadhure. Kugadzirwa kwePCB kunoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, zvichikonzera mutengo wakakwira.
• Design Complexity: MaPWB akakodzera madhizaini akareruka, anodhura. MaPCB anogona kugarisa madhizaini akaoma, anodhura.
• Inzwi rekugadzira: PWBs inodhura-inoshanda pakugadzira yakaderera-vhoriyamu. MaPCB anobatsirwa kubva kuhupfumi hwehukuru mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-vhoriyamu.

Kuita uye Kuvimbika

• Chiratidzo Kutendeseka: PCBs dzinopa zvirinani chiratidzo chekuvimbika kune yakakwirira-kumhanya kufambisa data, yakakosha kune epamberi zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
• Thermal Management: MaPCB anopa hukuru hwekupisa manejimendi, yakakosha kune yakakwirira-simba maapplication.
• Mechanical Kugadzikana: PCBs dzinopa zvirinani kugadzikana kwemichina uye kuramba kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakaoma mamiriro.

Pfungwa huru: Nekunyatsoongorora zvinhu izvi, nyanzvi dzinogona kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo pavanenge vachisarudza pakati pePWB nePCB yemapurojekiti avo ekugadzira nekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi.

mhedziso

Muchikamu chemagetsi evatengi, mazwi ekuti PWB nePCB dzimwe nguva anochinjika. Mabhodhi emagetsi akadhindwa (PWBs) nemabhodhi emagetsi akadhindwa (PCBs) ese ari maviri marudzi emacircuit emagetsi anoshandiswa kutsigira nekubatanidza zvikamu zvemagetsi. Iwo zvikamu zvakakosha zvechero mudziyo wemagetsi ; zvisinei, anoshanda zvinangwa zvakasiyana kana zvasvika pakupedzisa macircuit.

Muchidimbu, kushandiswa kweizwi kunosiyana zvakanyanya padunhu, asi mutsauko wakakosha pakati pemazwi uri mukati medunhu. PCBs dzine pre-etched masekete, achivabvumira kuti uwandu-kugadzirwa nokukurumidza uye zvinobudirira; zvakasiyana, maPWB haana. Kazhinji, iyo yakadhindwa wiring board inhanho yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwePCB. Mabhodhi edunhu akaoma kunzwisisa atinoziva nhasi aimbova maPWB; chete ivo zvino vashanduka kusvika padanho rekuti izwi rekuti PCB rava kudiwa. Kubudirira uku kwakaunza mabhenefiti akati wandei ekugadzira PCB mune tekinoroji nekutsvaga; zvisinei, hazvina kunyatso dzima izwi rekuti PWB, ndosaka mazwi ese ari maviri achiri kushandiswa nhasi.

Pfungwa huru: Kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati pePWBs nePCBs kwakakosha pakuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo mukugadzira nekugadzira zvemagetsi. PWBs dzakakodzera mashandisirwo ari nyore uye asingadhuri, nepo PCBs dzichipa kuchinjika kukuru kwekugadzira uye kushanda kwemidziyo yepamusoro. Nekufunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sekuoma kwekugadzira, zvinodiwa pakushanda, zvirambidzo zvekugadzira, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, uye mutengo, nyanzvi dzinogona kusarudza tekinoroji yakakodzera zvavanoda.

FAQs

Ndeupi musiyano mukuru pakati pePWB nePCB?

Musiyano mukuru uri mukuoma kwavo kwekugadzira uye maitiro ekugadzira. MaPWB akareruka, mabhodhi ane divi rimwe chete, nepo maPCB anogona kuva ane divi rimwe chete, ane mativi maviri, kana akawanda, achitsigira masekete akaomarara.

PWB nePCB zvinogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana here?

Nepo mazwi acho achiwanzo shandiswa zvakasiyana, anoreva kumhando dzebhodhi dzakasiyana dzine mazinga akasiyana ekugadzira kuoma uye kuita. Kujekesa kwakakosha pakukurukura mabhodhi chaiwo.

Ndirini pandinofanira kusarudza PWB pane PCB?

MaPWB akakodzera kusimba kwemagetsi kushanda, kuderera kwechikamu, uye magadzirirwo akareruka. Izvo zvinodhura-zvinobudirira pakugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu.

Ndirini pandinofanira kusarudza PCB pane PWB?

MaPCB akakodzera maapplication anoda yakakwira chikamu density, yakaoma maseketi, uye yakagadziridzwa mashandiro. Iwo akanakira kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-vhoriyamu uye zvigadzirwa zvepamberi.

Maitiro ekugadzira ePWB nePCB anosiyana sei?

Kugadzirwa kwePWB kunosanganisira maitiro akareruka, nepo PCB kugadzira ichida hunyanzvi hwepamusoro kuti igadzirise kuwedzera kuoma kwekugadzira uye kuita zvinodiwa.