Chii chinonzi PCB Files

Sezvo tekinoroji iri kuramba ichishanduka, ndizvo zvinoita indasitiri yePrinted Circuit Board (PCB). Nzira dzechinyakare dzakaita senge kudhirowa kucherechedzwa uye etching yemanyorero iri kupera, inotsiviwa nedhijitari yedhizaini yedhizaini maturusi anosimudzira kunyatsoshanda uye nemazvo. Tekinoroji yekombuta yakasandura magadzirirwo emabhodhi emagetsi, zvichiita kuti mainjiniya agadzire marongero akakwana anotora zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora kuomarara kwemafaira ePCB uye basa rawo rakakosha mukugadzira PCB.

Kunzwisisa .PCB Files

Iyo PCB faira igwaro rakakosha rine ruzivo rwakakosha nezvematanho uye zvakatemwa zvedhindi redunhu bhodhi. Iri faira rinosanganisira ruzivo nezve dhizaini dhizaini, kusanganisira yepamusoro uye pasi silkscreens, chikamu chekuisa, uye chinongedzo. Muchidimbu, faira rePCB rinoshanda sechirongwa chekugadzira bhodhi redunhu, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha pakugadzira nekugadzira.

Mhando dze.PCB Files

Mafaira ePCB anogona kuvapo mumhando dzakasiyana siyana, imwe neimwe inokodzera zvakasiyana dhizaini uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Mafaera akajairika anosanganisira:

1. Gerber Files: Aya ari pakati peanonyanya kushandiswa uye akakwana mafomati ePCB kugadzira. Mafaira eGerber anotsanangura imwe neimwe yePCB, kusanganisira mhangura, silkscreens, uye solder masks. Iwo anogona kugadzirwa zvakananga kubva kudhizaini software uye akakosha pakushandura dhizaini kuita bhodhi remuviri.
2. Eagle mafaira: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya neEagle PCB dhizaini software, mafaera aya ane ruzivo rwakakwana rwekuronga iyo inogona kutumirwa nyore nyore kune ekugadzira masisitimu. Ivo vanozivikanwa kune hobbyist mapurojekiti uye madiki-chikero dhizaini.
3. PCBDOC mafaira: Aya mafaera akanangana neAltium Dhizaini uye ane ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa rwePCB kugadzira uye kuyedzwa, kusanganisira schematic data uye marongero.
4. Netlist Files: Aya mafaera anonyora kubatanidza kwemagetsi pakati pezvikamu paPCB, kushanda seyakakosha referenzi kune mainjiniya panguva yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa matambudziko.
5. 3D Models: Imwe PCB dhizaini software inogona kutumira 3D modhi yePCB marongero, ayo anobatsira pakuona bhodhi uye kuona kuti zvikamu zvinokwana nemazvo.

Panyaya dzekugadzira zvinhu zvine chekuita neizvi, Highleap inonyorawo nezvekugadzirwa kwedunhu rakaganhurirwa uye kugadzirwa kwePCB yesimbi , izvo zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira kuti pasave nezvinyorwa zvisina kujeka mupakeji yemutengo.

Kuvhura uye Kushanda nePCB Mafaira

Kuti uvhure PCB faira, iwe unowanzo kuda yakasarudzika software seAltium Designer, CADSTAR, kana zvimwe zvirongwa. Heano matanho ekuvhura .PCB faira:

1. Isa iyo Inodiwa Software: Ita shuwa kuti une yakakodzera PCB dhizaini software yakaiswa.
2. Vhura iyo Faira: Iwe unogona kazhinji kudzvanya faira kaviri, kana kudzvanya-kurudyi uye sarudza "Vhura ne" sarudzo yekusarudza chirongwa chakakodzera.
3. Tarisa Faira Masangano: Kana faira rikasavhurika, simbisa kuti software yacho yakabatana nemazvo ne.PCB file extension.

Software Inotsigira PCB Mafaira

Mapurogiramu akati wandei anogona kuvhura nekushandura .PCB mafaera, kusanganisira:

• Altium Mugadziri: Inozivikanwa nokuda kwesimba rayo rekugadzira, rinonyanya kubata .PCB mafaira uye rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhizha. Yayo mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika interface uye yakasimba maficha inoita kuti ive yekuenda-kune sarudzo kune nyanzvi.
• CADSTAR: Iyo Windows-yakavakirwa mhinduro inobatanidza isina musono munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugadzira. Inopa maturusi ekutora schematic uye dhizaini, kugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira.
• PADS: Inopa otomatiki dhizaini sisitimu yakarongedzerwa kusangana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi kune inoshanda PCB dhizaini. Kugona kwaro muchiratidzo chekuongorora kutendeseka uye kutonga kwekupisa kunonyanya kubatsira kune dzakaoma dhizaini.
• PCB Artist: Yemahara PCB dhizaini software iyo, nepo inoshanda, haibudisi maGerber mafaera. Inofarirwa nevanofarira uye mabhizinesi madiki kumapurojekiti akatwasuka.
• Winboard: Chirongwa chekutanga cheCAD chekuzvimiririra PCB dhizaini, kunyange zvazvo isina zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Yakavhura nzira yemazuva ano PCB dhizaini software nekuunza intuitive dhizaini maficha.

Kukosha kwePCB Mafaira muKugadzira

Basa rePCB faira mukugadzira hazvigone kuwedzeredzwa. Inopa ruzivo rwakakodzera rwekugadzira chimiro chePCB, kusanganisira:

• Layer Information: Inotsanangura akasiyana akaturikidzana muPCB, akadai semhangura, silkscreen, uye solder mask. Kunzwisisa iyo layer stack-up kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwechiratidzo uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemagetsi (EMI).
• Component Placement: Details apo chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoiswa pabhodhi, kuve nechokwadi chekururama panguva yegungano. Kuiswa kwakakodzera kwakakosha kuchengetedza kushanda uye kudzivirira nyaya panguva yekutengesa.
• Kuchera Mirayiridzo: Inopa dhata rekuchera makomba echikamu chinotungamira uye vias, izvo zvakakosha pakubatanidza magetsi pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvePCB.

Basa reMitemo Yekugadzira

Mitemo yedhizaini inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira PCB, kutungamira nzvimbo uye kuiswa kwezvikamu kudzivirira zvinogona kuitika zvemagetsi. Mitemo iyi inosanganisira:

• Upamhi hweTrace : Kuona upamhi hwakakodzera hwetrace zvichibva pamagetsi avanozotakura.

• Kuisa nzvimbo pakati pezvinhu zvinofamba nepakati : Kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yacho yakwana pakati pezvisaririra nezvimwe zvinhu kuti pasave nematanho mapfupi.

• Ndege Yepasi : Kuisa ndege yepasi kuti pave nekushanda kwakanaka kweEMI uye kugadzikana.

Nekutevedzera iyi mitemo yekugadzira, mainjiniya anogona kugadzira maPCB akavimbika anoshanda sekutarisirwa kwakasiyana siyana.

Mamwe Mafaira Anodiwa kuPCB Gungano

Pamusoro pefaira rePCB, mamwe magwaro akati wandei akakosha kuti PCB ibudirire :

• Bhuku reZvishandiso (BOM) : Gwaro iri rinoratidza zvese zvinodiwa paPCB, kusanganisira nhamba dzezvikamu nehuwandu. BOM yakadzama yakakosha pakugadzira nemazvo, ichibatsira kudzivirira zvikanganiso pakuwanikwa kwezvikamu uye pakuunganidzwa kwazvo.

• Mafaira eGerber : Sezvambotaurwa, mafaira aya anogadzira zvikamu zvakawanda zvePCB, uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinomiririrwa nefaira reGerber rakasiyana. Akakosha pakutungamira maitiro ekugadzira.

• Mafaira eNC Drill : Mafaira aya anoratidza saizi uye nzvimbo yemaburi ekuboorera paPCB, zvakakosha pakugadzira nemazvo. Anoshanda pamwe chete nemafaira eGerber kuti ave nechokwadi chekuiswa kwezvikamu zvakanaka.

mhedziso

Kukosha kwemafaira ePCB muindasitiri yePCB kwakakura. Ivo vanoshanda senheyo yekugadzira nekugadzira, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabhodhi emagetsi anogadzirwa nekunyatso uye nekubudirira. Kunzwisisa zvikamu uye mafomati emafaira ePCB, pamwe chete nemamwe magwaro anodiwa, zvakakosha kune chero munhu ane chekuita nePCB dhizaini nekugadzira, sezvo inokanganisa zvakananga kunaka uye kushanda kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichifambira mberi, ndizvo zvichaitawo maturusi uye matekiniki anoshandiswa muPCB dhizaini, zvichitungamira kune dzakatonyanya kugadzirisa mhinduro munzvimbo yemagetsi.